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1. STYLE
The term “style” is polysemantic(has many meanings): a Latin word “stilus” originally meant awriting instrument used by ancient people. Already in classical Latinthe meaning was extended to denote the manner of expressing one’s ideas in written or oral form. Jonathan Swift defined style as“ proper words in proper places ”. In present day English the word“style” is used in about a dozen of principle meanings:
  • the characteristic manner in which a writer expresses his/her ideas (e.g. style of Byron )
  • the manner of expressing ideas, characteristic of a literary movement or period
  • the use of language typical of a literary genre (e.g. the style of a comedy , drama , novel ).
  • the selective use of language that depends on spheres / areas of human activity (e.g. style of fiction , scientific prose , newspapers , business correspondence, etc.).
    STYLISTICS
    Stylistics– is the study of style. The very term “stylistics” came inmore common use in English only some 45 years ago. Stylisticsis a part of style; it studies principles of selecting and using different linguistic means (grammatical and phonetic ) that serve to render shades of meaning.
    TheStylisticsof languagestudies stylistic devices and expressive shades of linguistic units ( words , construction of phrases ).
    TheStylisticsof speech studies individual texts viewing the way the message or content isexpressed.
    LiteraryStylisticsconcentrates on artistic expressiveness that characterizes a literary work , a writer, or a whole time period.
    LinguisticStylisticsstudies linguistic facts from the point of view of their ability toconvey extra shades of meaning (connotations – we call them ).
    Stylisticshas no fixed single unit of study. Stylisticsstudies everything that makes the utterance of the text expressive.
    STYLISTICSTUDIES
    Stylisticsis regarded as a relatively new branch of philology, yet its roots go back as far as ancient Greece and Rome.
    Inthe 18th century there emerged an individualistic psychological view of style andstylistics. According to this view style bears the stamp ofindividual usage .
    The late 19thcenturyand early 20thcenturysaw the appearance of the pragmatic approach to stylistics: thetendency to regard stylistics as an applied science . It was believedthat the chief aim of the stylistics is to improve the style of the
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    Stilistika loeng

    FGI 1081 Stilistika (Irina Ladusseva) Kab. 420 2 AP Ends with an exam; lasts only for 1 semester. At the exam you get 2 questions and an exercise (50 sentences: establish the device used, recognize it, and name it). Care about the pronunciation of the terms. Books: - I. Galperin "Stylistics" - I. Ladusseva "Rhythm and Text" - I. Ladusseva "Vocabulary and Style" - I. Ladusseva "Stylistic practice: Book I, Book II" - I. Ladusseva "A Guide to Punctuation" EXAMINATION TOPICS: 1. Style, stylistics, a survey of stylistic studies 2. Inherent connotations. Phonesthe

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    Stilistika materjalid

    STYLISTICS 1. Style, stylistics, a survey of stylistic studies The term ,,style" is polysemantic. Latin ,,stilus"--a writing instrument used by the ancients for writing on waxed tablets. Soon, the meaning was extended to denote the manner of expressing one's ideas in written or oral form. Jonathan Swift said: ,, Style is proper words in proper places" Present day--half a dozen meanings: · the characteristic manner in which a writer expresses his ideas (Style of Byron) · the manner of expressing ideas characteristic of a literary movement or period (symbolism, romanticism) · the use of lg. typical of a literary genre (comedy, drama, novel) · the selective use of lg that depends on spheres of human activity. These are called functional styles or registers (fiction, newspaper) Stylistics is the study of style. However, for some r

    Stilistika (inglise)
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    Inglise keele stilistika

    Style The term style is a polysemantic one. The latin word ,,stilus" meant a writing instrument used by the ancients for writing on waxed tablets. Already, in classical latin the meaning of style was extended to denote the manner of expressing one's ideas in written or oral form. One of the abts/the best was given by Jonathan Swift: ,,Proper words in proper places." In present- day english, the world style is used in about half a dozen basic meanings. 1. the characteristic manner in which a writer expresses his ideas. Some speak about the style of Hemingway, Dickens etc. 2. the manner of expressing ideas, characteristic of a literary movement or period. Style of symbolism, romanticism 3. the use of language to pick a literary genre-comedy, novel, drama, O.D (poetic form) etc. 4. the selective use of language that depends on spheres of human activity ­fiction, scientific prose, newspapers, official documents, business correspondenc et

    Stilistika (inglise)
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    Inglise keele stilistika II

    1 SYNTACTIC STYLISTIC DEVICES SYNTACTIC STYLISTIC DEVICES are based on a peculiar place of the word or phrase in the utterance (text, sentence, etc).This special place creates emphasis irrespective of the lexical meaning of the words used. Categories: syntactic stylistic devises based on: SDD: based on ABSENCE OF LOGICALLY REQUIRED ELEMENTS OF SPEECH ELLIPSIS ELLIPSIS or ELLIPTICAL SENTENCES means leaving out one or both principle members of the sentence that is the subject or predicate. NT: Where is the man I'm going to marry? - Out in the garden. (no subject) What is he doing out there? - Annoying father. Here, in the dialogue, ellipsis creates the colloquial tone of the utterance. It also renders realistically the way the characters speak. The elliptical sentences convoy/render carelessness, familiarity, harshness. It makes the utterance tens and emotional or helps t

    Stilistika (inglise)
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    Inglise leksikoloogia kordamisküsimuste vastused

    LEXICOLOGY 1. Size of English vocabulary 1) Old English – 50,000 to 60,000 words Vocabulary of Shakespeare OE – homogeneous; 1/3 of the vocabulary has survived • 884,647 words of running text About 450 Latin loans (Amosova) • 29,000 different words (incl. work, working, Viking invasions added 2,000 worked, which are counted here as separate 2) Middle English – 100,000 – 125,000 words) English becomes heterogeneous (Norman French, • 21,000 words English, Latin), hybrid of Germanic and Romance languages Norman French influence – about 10,000 words, 75 % are still in use (Baugh) Latin influence continues 3) Early Modern English – 200,000 – 250,000 English becomes a polycentric language; polyglot, cosmopolitan language 4) Modern English �

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    English lexicology revision/review questions

    Review questions English lexicology 1. Size of English vocabulary – 1) Old English – 50,000 to 60,000 words OE – homogeneous; 1/3 of the vocabulary has survived About 450 Latin loans (Amosova) Viking invasions added 2,000 2) Middle English – 100,000 – 125,000 English becomes heterogeneous (Norman French, English, Latin), hybrid of Germanic and Romance languages Norman French influence – about 10,000 words, 75 % are still in use (Baugh) Latin influence continues 3) Early Modern English – 200,000 – 250,000 English becomes a polycentric language; polyglot, cosmopolitan language 4) Modern English – 500,000 words (OED) At present at least 1 billion lexical units 2. Core and periphery – Minkova & Stockwell,2006 Origin of the 10,000 most frequent words:  Old English 31.8 %  French 45 %  Latin 16.7 %  Other Germanic languages 4.2 %  Other languages 2.3 % The core vocabulary is predominantly Germanic (

    Inglise leksikoloogia
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    English Phonetics and Phonology. Mid-term2

    Phonology. Mid-term 2. Syllable - is a phonological unit consisting of one or more phonemes. In phonetics ­ a syllable is a unit which consists of a centre, that has little or no obstruction to airflow; it is comparatively louder than other sounds. In phonology ­ syllables are the possible combinations of phonemes. The syllable consists of - onset, nucleus, coda. (every syllable has a nucleus: vowel, syllabic l, or m, n). Rhyme/rime ­ nucleus + coda; the nucleus and the coda constitute a sub-syllabic unit ­ rhyme. Words rhyme, when their nucleus and coda are identical. (E.g 'cr-o-wn', 'd-o-wn'). The hierarchical structure of the syllable: Onset ­ the beginning of the syllable Nucleus/peak ­ the open part of a syllable, generally a vowel. Coda ­ a consonant sound which ends the syllable. Open syllable - has no coda Closed syllable - has a coda! Texts: [t-e-k-s-t-s]- (Consonant, Vowel, Consonant, Consonant, Consonant, Consonant). Strong syllables - has as its nucleus one of the

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    Proseminar

    FGI 1811 Proseminar (Irina Ladusseva) 2.0 AP Kab. 420 03.09.2002. Writing a term paper (this spring) and graduation paper. To get a pass: one written task (part of introduction, thesis statement) Term paper should be printed (20-25 pages long). Graduation paper should be printed (50-60 pages long). First write term paper, and choose a topic right now (theme of term paper later will be developed into graduation paper). Rights: we have a right to have a supervisor. Supervisor writes on the front page "Lubatud kaitsmisele". You need time to: 1. read the theory 2. collect material 3. regularity (1-2 hours a day deal with your paper) The first draft of term paper should be ready by March. Supervisors are: 1. Suliko Liiv (country study, grammar, contrastive studies, methodology) 2. Liliana Skopinskaja (methodology) 3. Jaanika Marley (foneetika, methods) 4. Ene Alas (translation, methods) 5. Paul Rüsse (literature (Am.,Br.), met

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