going. going? action He would have He wouldn't have Would he been going. been going. have been going? We sometimes use Continuous instead of Progressive. Some signal words can be found in more tenses. We did not list signal words in the future . Always remember what action is described. englisch-hilfen.de LEARNING ENGLISH ONLINE
Tense Form Use Hints Example + I pv ((e)+s) Present Simple 1. daily routines, habits or repeated actions Every hour/day/week etc , I always play football in -? do/does not+I pv 2. permanent states usually, always, in the the evenings morning/evening/night, at night Present Am/is/are+Iing 1. actions happening now, at the moment of speaking Now, at the moment, these I am writing a lettesat Continuous 2.actions happening around th...
Present Simple (lihtolevik) Infinitive + He/she/it+-s Signal words: Every day, sometimes, always, often, usually, never + I work. He works. I go. He goes. - I don't work. He doesn't work. I don't go. He doesn't go. ? Do I work? Does he work? Do I go? Does he go? Present Continuous (kestev olevik) To be (am/are/is) + infinitive + -ing Signal words: now, at the moment, look!, listen! + I'm working. He's working. I'm going. He's going. - I'm not working. He isn't working. I'm not going. He isn't going. ? Am I working? Is he working? Am I going? Is he going? Present Perfect (täisolevik) Have/has+ infinitive + -ed / 3rd IRW Signal words: yet, never, ever, already, so far, since, for, recently + I have worked. He has worked. I have gone. He has gone. - I haven't worked. He hasn't worked. I haven't gone. He hasn't gone. ? Have I worked? Has he worked? Have I gone? Has he gone? Past Simple (lihtminevik) Infinitive+ -ed (/ 2nd IRW) Signal ...
PAST NOW FUTURE PRESENT SIMPLE (üldolevik) He handles the export side of our He, she -s business. PRESENT CONTINUOUS You are dancing well tonight. (kestev olevik) Am, is, are + ing PAST SIMPLE (üldminevik) He went there by car. -ed, II PAST CONTINUOUS I was reading when the phone rang. (kestev minevik) Was, were + -ing PRESENT PERFECT I have lived here since 1983. (täisminevik) I have lived here for 10 years. Have, has + -ed, III PAST PERFECT She had left when i arrived. (enneminevik) Had + -ed, III FUTURE (tulevik) I will give up smoking. Will I am goi...
Tenses Present simple: Key words: always, sometimes, usually, ? do I/you/we they speak English? rearly, seldom, often, every does He/she/it speak English? Millal kasutatakse? igapäevase, harjumispärase, teatud aja järel korduva + I/you/we/they speak engish tegevuse väljendamiseks He/she/it speaks english? Example sentence: The President of The -do not(don't) speak English. USA lives in The White House. Carol does not (doesn't) speak english. usually brushes her teeth twice a day. Present continuous: ? Am I speaking English? Key words: now at the moment, look! Are you/we/they speaknig English? Listen! Is he/she/it speaking English? Millal kasutatakse? Hetkel toimuva, ...
English tenses – worksheet / test http://first-english.org Name: …......................................... class: …............... date: …......................... Put the verb into the right tenses: Solution sheet simple present + : We talk to our parents. simple present - (negative): We don't talk to our parents. simple present ? (question): Do we talk to our parents? present perfect + : We have talked to our parents. present perfect - (negative): We haven't talked to our parents. present perfect
just, ever, never, already, yet, always, how long, so far, recently, since, today, this week/month, etc Note how the following words are used: Ago is used with past Simple Before is used with present or past tense forms to point out that an action preceded another. Still is used in statements and questions after the auxiliary verb or before the main verb. Already is used with Perfect tenses in mid or end position in statements and questions. Yet is used with perfect tenses in the negative sentences after a contracted auxiliary verb or at the end of the sentence.
Future tenses Present Simple I pv. (Timetables) My bus leaves at 6 am. We are leaving at 6 tomorrow (Present continuous) Present Continuous Tegija + am, is, are + ing I am learning. Kindel tulevikuplaan Be going to 1. Kindlate tõendite põhjal tehtav tulevikuennustus Look at the clouds, its going to rain soon. 2. Tulevikuplaanid (mittekindel) Future Simple Will + I pv. · Tuleviku ennustused, mida tehakse arvamuste põhjal. · Hetkeotsused · Lubadused, ähvardused, pakkumised, palved etc. I will never speak to you again · Tegevused, mis toimuvad meie tahtest sõltumata. She will have a baby in June. Future Continuous Will be + ing Next year I will be graduating from school.' Future Perfect Will have +III pv. I will have eaten my dinner. · Tegevuste puhul, mis saavad olema lõpetatud, mingiks teatud ajaks. Future Perfect Continuous Will have been + ing · Due to - · Be about to -
THE TENSES AJAVORMID JA NENDE KASUTAMINE AJAVORMI NIMETUS MOODUSTAMINE KASUTAMINE; SAGEDAMINI ESINEVAD AJAMÄÄRUSED THE PRESENT SIMPLE I pv. (+ s); do/does + I pv. Tegevus toimub korduvalt, on harjumuspärane. püsiv olukord, ajagraafikutega seotud tulevik Lihtolevik live, goes every day, usually, often, sometimes, always THE PAST SIMPLE II pv.; did + I pv. Tegevus toimub minevikus. Lihtminevik lived, went yesterday, last week two years ago, in 1998 THE FUTURE SIMPLE be going to/ will + I pv. Tegevus toimub tulevikus. Lihttulevik will go/ won´t tomorrow, next week, soon, later, in 2012 TH...
PAST TENSES Ats A.Tamm Tsirguliina Secondary School 10.Class Past Simple - Lihtminevik Did + II pv ed We liked went to shop I didn't like to go shop Did we like to go shop? Kasutamine: yesterday, then, when, in 1999 etc, last night, last week, last year Past Continuous Kestev minevik Was/were (=olema minevikus + põhitegusõna + ing I was reading a book I wasn't reading a book Was I reading a book? Kasutamine: While, when, as, all morning, all day, all week Past Perfect - Enneminevik Had+ tegusõna III põhivorm (lõpuga ed või ebareeglipäraste sõnade puhul muu) I had asked I had not asked Had I asked? Kasutamine: before, after, already, just, for, since, when Past Perfect Continuous Kestev e...
TENSES (Table) Past Simple Present Simple Future Simple Tegusõna 2. pv Tegusõna 1. pv Tegusõna on esitatud kujul [NB! He/She/It _____(e)s] Küsimuse/eituse will + 1. pv moodustamiseks kasut. Küsimuse/eituse did + 1. pv moodustamiseks kasut. Eituste moodustamisel do / does + 1. pv will not = won't Tunnused lauses: Lihtminevik. Keegi tegi Tunnused lauses: Tunnused lauses: midagi. Jutt käib tavalisest, Lihttulevik. Ennustused. yesterday, last harjumuspärasest Lubadused. Hetkeotsused (summer), (five years) tegevusest. (rääkimise hetkel ago, in 1987, etc. always, sometimes, sündivad). usually, often, e...
present continues use 1- now right now I am playing basketball use 2-longer actions in progress I am practising skiing to become a master skier use 3-near future I am playing drums after school use 4-repitition and irritation with the word always she is always bossing people around past continues use 1- interrupted action in the past I was writing song lyrics when he came in use 2-specific time as interruption yesterday at 2 o'clock I was skiing use 3-parallel actions when he was playing basketball, I was playing guitar use 4-atmosphere when I walked into the classroom many people were busy doing hometasks,some were talking,and some were complaining about something use 5-repitation and irritation with the word always she was always bossing people around future continues use 1-interrupted action in the future I'll be singing when she leaves the classroom use 2-specific time as interruption in the future tonight at...
FUTURE TENSES FUTURE SIMPLE (WILL/SHALL) Form: will/shall + algvorm USE: 1)Predicting a future happening or situations 2)Shalll can be used with i and we 3)Descisions to do smthing at the time of speakin (offering to o / agreeing to do smthing/ promising to do smth) Negative: I can see you' re busy, so I WON't BE GOING TO Form: am/is/are going to + algvorm Use: 1) Descisions to do smthing, intentions. I'm going to buy a new car 2) Predictions about the future, which are based on the situation now. PRESENT SIMPLE ( I do) WITH A FUTURE MEANING Use: 1)Talking about timetables, programmes: My train leaves at 11.30. 2) Talking about people if their plans are fixed like a timetable. PRESENT CONTINUOUS (I am doing) WITH A FUTURE MEANING Use: 1)Talking about descisions and arrangements (sbdy has decied and arranged to do smthing). He is playing squash on Monday afternoon 2) You can use present contiuous for an action just before you b...
ACTIVE TENSES Active form You use an active verb when you want to say that the subject of a sentence does something. · [Thing doing action] + [verb] + · +[thing receiving action] · Examples The professor (subject doing action) teaches (verb) · the students (object receiving action). · Mary (subject doing action) · washes (verb) · the dishes ( object receiving action). The tenses of the verb 1.Present (olevik) 2.Past (minevik) 3.Future (tulevik) 4.Future in the past (kaudne tulevik) Iga aeg võib esineda neljas eri rühmas 1.IndefiniteTenses (üldajad) 2.Continious Tenses (kestvad ajad) 3.Perfect Tenses (perfekti ajad) 4.Perfect Continious Tenses (perfekti kestvad ajad) Indefinite Tenses (üldajad) used to describe actions but do not state whether the action is completed or on- going märgivad tegevuse sooritamise fakti
The Present Simple is the most basic tense in the English language. It is an interesting tense because it can be used Present Simple to express the future. Generally, though, we use it to Basic form describe the present activities or to talk about routines or Subject + Verb + -s (present form) John lives in New York. We play football every day. You are really kind. The meeting starts at 3 PM. Use the Present Simple: with state verbs. to talk about situations in life that last a relatively long time. when an event is certain to happen in the future. to talk about events that we can't change (for example, an official meeting or a train departure). The Present Simple is also used in narration...
Future Tenses Will-future and going to-future Andrea Terasväli Future forms Will-future Going to- Simple Present Future Future future presen progressi progressi perfect t ve ve • • Planned Future Planned Action Sth. Will Prediction, action in action action in will already assumptio the future is fixed the near definitely have n (assur future happen happene • logical ed/de (it d before • conseque ffinite) usually a certain spontaneo nce (sth. happens) time in us action Is goint to the happen) future Form Will-future Goi...
PAST TENSES Past Simple Used to talk about a completed past action which happened at a completed time in the past. We went to Tallinn yesterday. I saw him a long time ago. We met last week. Used to talk about a series of events that happened one after another. He walked to school, took off his coat, went to class and fell asleep. Used to report what people said. He said that he was tired. He asked to go home. Used after "It's time" (even though we're talking about now) It's time we talked about the past (now). After "I'd rather" (even though we're talking about now) I'd rather you drove (now). (But "I'd rather drive" if talking about yourself) After "I wish" (even though we're talking about now) I wish I had a million dollars (now). After "If only" (even talking though we're talking about now= ...
Past tenses /mineviku ajad/ 1. Past Simple /lihtminevik/ Formation/moodustamine: -- Kõikides pööretes/isikutes tegusõna II põhivorm, mis reeglina lõpeb mineviku tunnusega ed (like liked (hääldub [laikt]); hate hated [heitid]). Ebareeglipäraste sõnade puhul tuleb kasutada II põhivormi (vt. irregular verbs; ebareeglipäraste verbide tabel; näit. write wrote; run ran; buy bought jne.) - Küsimuste ja eitava vormi moodustamisel tuleb tegusõna panna algvormi; aga lisatakse mineviku abisõna did (Did you like the film? She did not (didn't) read the newspaper. When did you come home?) Jaatav Eitav Küsiv (kas-küsimus) I liked (went) I did not (didn't) like/go Did I go? (Läksin ma?) You liked (wento) You did not (didn't) like/go Did you like/go? He/she/it liked (went) He/she/it did not like/go ...
Past Tenses • Lihtminevik (Past Simple / Past Indefinite) – ära toimunud, lõpetatud tegevus • Kestev minevik (Past Progressive / Past Continuous) – minevikus pooleli olnud tegevus • Enneminevik !!! (Past Perfect) – minevik enne minevikku OLI -NUD • Kestev enneminevik (Past Perfect Progressive) – enne minevikku äsja lõppenud või toimumas olnud tegevus Created by Aari Juhanson, MA 2009 Past Simple • Ära toimunud (regulaarne) tegevus: I WORKED yesterday. S/he didn’t WORK last Monday. • Lõpetatud tegevus: I already CALLED them today. (I’m not going to call again!) Which countries did you VISIT? (You’re back …) BUT: Which countries have you VISITED so far? (You’re not back yet or you travel regularly …) • Jutustused, mineviku sündmuste kirjeldus: Once upon a time there LIVED a Garfield who HAD many friends. The first one WAS Odie, … • 2pv; ?/-...
He looks like his father. Ametlikumas vormis kasutame as, et öelda, et asjad on sarnased (esineb enne alust) The exam starts at 9.30 as I have already said. Kasutame as, et rääkida ametitest ja töödest, mida inimesed teevad She works as a teacher in a primary school. Kasutame as, kui me viitame informatsioonile, mida nii rääkija kui kuulaja juba teavad As you know, I'm starting a new job next month. 4.2 Narrative tenses 4.2a Lihtminevik Kasutame: et rääkida sündmustest minevikus, mis on nüüdseks lõppenud I went to the zoo last weekend. et rääkida mineviku situatsioonidest I lived next door to my best friend. kaudses kõnes 4.2b Kestev minevik Kasutame: et rääkida asjades, mis on minevikus kestvad. They were walking along the bank of a river.
tense Affirmative/Negative/Question Use Signal Words always, every ..., action in the present Simple Present A: He speaks. never, normally, N: He does not speak. taking place once, never or often, seldom, Q: Does he speak? several times sometimes, usually if sentences type I facts (If I talk, ...) ...
Tense form Active voice Passive voice Present Simple I greet him every day. He is greeted every day. Present Continuous I am greeting him. He is being greeted. Present Perfect I have greeted him today. He has been greeted today. Present Perfect Continuous I have buun greeting him. He has been greeted today. Past Simple I greeted him yesterday. He was greeted yesterday. Past Continuous I was greeting him. He was being greeted. Past Perfect I had greeted him. He had been greeted. Past Perfect Continuous I had been greeting him. He had been greeted. Future Simple I will greet him. He will be greeted. Future Continuous I will be greeting him. He will be greeted. Future Perfect ...
Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 Past Perfect Progressive · Mineviku lõpetamata tegevuse protsessi või kestvuse rõhutamine: They had been WATCHing TV since morning (and he was going slightly mad). · Äsja lõppenud tegevuse (tagajärjed nähtavad) kirjeldus minevikus: It had not been RAINing for weeks, everything was crisp and dry and brown. He had been PAINTing. · had BEEN + 1pv-ing Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 Future Tenses · Lihttulevik (Future Simple / Future Indefinite) markeerimata tuleviku tegevus · Kestev tulevik (Future Progressive / Future Continuous) pooleli- või käimasolev tegevus tulevikus · Perfekti tulevik!!! (Future Perfect) tulevikus tehtud saav tegevus Æ ON NUD (= saab olema lõppenud) · Kestev perfekti tulevik (Future Perfect Progressive) tulevikus pooleli- või käimasoleva tegevuse rõhutamine Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Get/ Have something TENSE ACTIVE PASSIVE WHEN? done Present Simple Am/is/are + Every day, year, often, I pv + do/does Have/ get + sth+ III pv Lihtolevik III pv usually, always Past Simple Yesterday, last year, II pv(-ed)+ did Was/ were + III pv Had/got + sth + III pv Lihtminevik ...
Tenses 27. jaanuar 2012. a. 9:24 SIMPLE CONTINUOUS -ing PERFEFCT PERFECT on alati sees! CONTINUOUS PRESEN I work in school. I am working in I have worked in I have been working T loodusseadused school. school. in school for/since 5 pidev korduv lähituleviku plaanid Surnute kohta EI SAA years. tegevus(hommiku ÖELDA! siiamaani kestab kohvi) aja-graafikud PAST I worked in I was working in the I had worked in school. I had been working. school. school. fakt on tähtis (for since) finito aeg(see et ta aeg on lõpetada ...
Olevik: PS He/she/it + -s /Does I/you/we sama /Do PC am/is/are + -ing PP ... + Have/has + III PPC ... + Have/has been + -ing Minevik: PS -ed/III PC Was/were + -ing PP I/she/it/you/they + Had + -ed/III PPC - ... + had + been + -ing PPS - ... + have/has + III Olevik: Present Simple Lihtolevik: Tegijale harjumuspärane, tihti korduv tegevus, loodusseadused, sõiduplaanid, püsiv olukord. Eevery day/month/ year/once twice a week /often/ usually/ always/seldom/never. Tulevikku väljendades pärast: when, after, as soon as, until. Olekut väljendavate tegusõnadega: Like, love, hate, enjoy, prefer, adore; See, hear, smell, taste, feel, look, sound; Know, believe, understand, realise, remember, forget, notice, recognise, think, seem; Be, contain, include, belong, need, cost, mean, want, have, wish, own. He/she/it + -s /Does I/you/we sama /Do Present Continuous Kestev olevik: Tegevus toimub praegu. Tegevus toimub lähiajal....
Pikk ajalugu on lihvinud keelt ja tulemuseks on lihtne loogika ja käändelõppude puudumine! Mitmekesine ajalugu on aidanud kaasa eri päritolu sõnavarale ning ka hääldusmuredele. Väidetavalt on üle poole inglise keele sõnavarast mitte anglo- saksi päritolu, ehk siis laenatud – kontrolli hoolega, kas ‘sympathy’ ikka tähendab ‘sümpaatiat! kaastunne Aari Juhanson, MA 2009 Tenses – Tegusõna ajad • Olevik (Present) • Minevik (Past) • Tulevik (Future) • Kaudne tulevik (Future-in-the-Past) Aari Juhanson, MA 2009 Present Tenses • Lihtolevik (Present Simple / Present Indefinite) – regulaarne, korduv tegevus • Kestev olevik (Present Progressive / Present Continuous) – pooleliolev, ühes tükis tegevus • Täisminevik !!! (Present Perfect) – tehtud, *lõpetamata* tegevus
PRESENT SIMPLE (lihtolevik) Form: 1st form (+s) Use: 1. Things in general. Nurses look after patients in hospitals. 2. Things that happen all the time or repeatedly. She usually goes away at weekends. 3. Laws of nature (things that are true in general). The sun rises in the east. 4. Timetable events. The train leaves at 6.50 p.m. Negative form: I don't (do not) normally eat my lunch here. He doesn't (does not) like this film at all. Question form: Do you live here? How often does it rain around here? Signal words: always, every day/month, never, normally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually etc. PRESENT CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE (kestev olevik) Form: am/is/are + ing Use: 1. Unfinished actions happening at or around the time of speaking. Listen! Somebody is crying. They are building a new bridge in our town....
Will+lihtolevik (help,come jne) kindle tegevus If you help me I will help you You won’t pass your exam if you don’t start working harder I’m,are,is+ing (plaanid, kokkulepitud kohtumised) I’m playing football tomorrow. We are having a party tomorrow Lihtolevik (kindel aeg, kuupäev jne) The holidays start next week The train arrives at 6 in the morning (Be) going to (plaanid, kokkulepitud kohtumised, midagi võib juhtuda) I’m going to drive to work today I think its going to rain. Will be+ing (tegevus mis juhtub täpselt samal ajal nt nädala pärast) (tegevus mis on rutiinne) This time next week I will be sun –bathing. You will be seeing John in the office tomorrow, wont you? Will have+3 vorm (nähes ennast tulevikus ja vaadates tagasi lõpetatud tegevusele) ps: tavaliselt lause ees on month, year, week jne A month from now he will have finished all his exams. I...
Moved to Cali 2005 Was Born Traveled to Europe Husband 1978 School graduates @ Oxford 1999 Started Got married School 1983 2008 2 The Six English Verb Tenses Three Simple Tenses Simple continuous Present You walk. You are walking I run. I am running. Past You Walked You were walking. I ran. I was running. Future You will walk. You will be walking. I will run. I will be running. Three Perfect Tenses Perfect continuous Present perfect you have walked
TENSES. ACTIVE VOICE. 1. Present Simple (üldolevik) I (he, she, it s) he works Eitav,küsiv do (I, you, we, they) he does not work does (he, she, it) does he work? Verbidele, mis lõpevad infinitiivis ss, -sh, -ch, -x või o, lisatakse ainsuse 3. pöördes es he touches, she goes Verbidel, mis lõpevad y-ga, mille ees on konsonant, muutub y->ies carry - he carries Vrdl: play he plays 1. Harjumuspärane, korduv tegevus või seisund olevikus. Tom drinks tea every day. He lives in Brussels. 2. Üldtuntud tõed, loodusseadused The earth goes round the sun. 3. Tulevikus toimuv tegevus a) Sõiduplaanid, planeeritud programmid. The train for Tallinn leaves at 10. The course begins on Monday. ...
PANEME EI PANE Kui räägime spetsiifilisest Loendamatute ja mitmuses asjast,mida on enne mainitud-the loendatavate nimis kui räägime house, üldiselt- koalas,monkeys Unikaalsete nimis-the sun,the moonNimede ette-Anna KÕIK MÄRJAD KOHAD v.a järved Riikide nimed-Brazil aga The Netherlands Mäestikud-the Andes Kõrbed-the Linnad-Glasgow Sahara Grupp saari-the Virgin islands Tiitlitega kui inimese nime pole Tänavad-Oxford Street aga The mainitud the Prince,aga Prince High Street Charles Kui last,first,only on kasut Pargid-Hyde Park omadussõnana Riigid,kui sisaldavad sõnu: Mandrid-Europe, saared-Rhodes, state,kingdom,republic...-The United järved- Lake Geneva, Lake Peipsi, Kingdom jaamad- Charing Cross Station Muusikariistad-the guitar Kahesõnalised nimed,kui I ...
Interrogative : Are you going to travel? by plane' Negative : I am not going to travel by plane because I am going to fly in a hot air balloon Future Tense: Uses of Going to 1- Future plans and intentions: I'm going to buy a new laptop computer next week 2- Predictions based in what we can see at the moment: Look at that car! it is going to crash into the lamp post FUTURE TENSES TIME EXPRESSIONS: Tomorrow, next week, next month, next year, I am going to travel to Copenhagen next year FUTURE TENSES WILL/GOING TO: COMPLETE THE SENTENCES · A: Why are you holding a piece of paper? B: I .......................... (write) a letter to my friends back home in Texas · A: I'm about to fall asleep. I need to wake up! B: I (get)..................... you a cup of coffee. · We are so excited about our trip next month to France. We ...........................
docstxt/135806522318.txt
Fill the gaps with the correct tenses. 1. I (learn)................................ English for seven years now. 2. But last year I (not / work) ........................................ hard enough for English, that's why my marks (not / be) ............................. really that good then. 3. As I (pass / want) ............................... my English exam successfully next year, I (study) ............................... harder this term. 4. During my last summer holidays, my parents (send) ..................................... me on a language course to London. 5. It (be) ............................ great and I (think) .................................. I (learn) ................................... a lot. 6. Before I (go) .................................. to London, I (not / enjoy) .................................. learning English. 7. But while I (do) .......
English Grammar - The most common tenses in English Signal Example Tense Use Form words s something happens repeatedly how often something happens every one action day follows sometim another es I work always infinitive Present things in he/she/it he works often Simple general + s I go usually he goes seldom ...
AJAVORMID JA NENDE MOODUSTAMINE AJAVORMI NIMETUS MOODUSTAMINE KASUTAMINE, SAGEDAMINI ESINEVAD AJAMÄÄRUSED THE PRESENT I pv; do/does + I Tegevus toimub korduvalt, on harjumuspärane SIMPLE live, goes twice a week, every day, usually, often, sometimes, always THE PAST (+) II pv; did + I Tegevus toimub minevikus SIMPLE lived, went yesterday, last week, two years ago, in 1996 THE FUTURE (shall)/will + I Tegevus toimub tulevikus, on üksteisele järgnev SIMPLE pv tomorrow, next week, soon, later, in 2025 be going to + I pv THE FUTURE IN (shou...
Present Simple. Present Simple is used for... Example Permanent situations or states Jim lives in the south of England Permanent truths or laws of nature The sun sets around 5 o'clock in the afternoon in the winter Repeated/habitual actions especially with George always plays football on always, usually etc. Saturday afternoons. (= He does that every Saturday Afternoon.) Timetables/programmes with a future The train leaves at 10.05 on Tuesday meaning. Reviews/sports commentaries/dramatic The basketball player shoots and the ball narrative goes in the basket. Time expressions used with present simple: Every day/week/month/year, usually, sometimes, always, rarely, never, often, on Monday, in the morning, evening, etc. Present Continuous (to be + verb -ing)...
If + Present Simple (V1(s/es)), ____ Present Simple (V1(s/es)) If + Present Simple (V1(s/es)), ____ Present Simple (V1(s/es)) · General truths, scientific facts · General truths, scientific facts Ex: If you heat water, it boils. Ex: If you heat water, it boils. Type 1. Type 1. If + Present tenses, ____ Future (will V) / Imperative (V) If + Present tenses, ____ Future (will V) / Imperative (V) · Real situations in the present or future. · Real situations in the present or future. Ex: If you go shopping today, buy me some bread. (imperative) Ex: If you go shopping today, buy me some bread. (imperative) If you haven't finished before noon, we won't be able to catch the bus
PASSIVE VOICE Active: S + V + O Passive: S + Be + PP(V3ed) + by + O (tense) EX: My father planted this tree last year. This tree was planted by my father last year. TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Simple Present Tense Active: S + V(s/es) + O Passive: S + am/is/are + PP + by + O EX: He reads books every day. Books are read (by him) every day. TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Present Continuous Tense Active: S + am/is/are + Ving + O Passive: S + am/is/are + being +PP + by + O EX: He is writing a novel at the moment. A novel is being written (by him) at the moment. TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Present Perfect Tense Active: S + Has/Have + V3ed + O Passive: S + has/have + been +PP + by + O EX: He has just finished a novel. A novel has just been finished (by him).
PRESENT PAST TENSES FUTURE TENSES TENSES minevik tulevik olevik Present Simple Past Simple Future Simple lihtolevik Lihtminevik Lihttulevik I You + I põhivorm + II pv We ? , - Do + I pv. ?, - Did + I pv Will + I põhivorm They He + I põhivorm + S Tegevus tulevikus, mis ei She
Past Perfect Simple and Continuous Table of Contents Past Perfect Simple ............................................................... 2 When to use the Past Perfect Simple ..................................... 2 Past Perfect Continuous (Progressive) ................................... 3 When to use the Past Perfect Continuous.............................. 3 Comparison of the use of different past tenses ...................... 4 Past Perfect Simple The Past Perfect is had + a past participle. It is the same in all persons. I had worked he had gone Negative I had not slept/hadn’t slept Question Had he studied? When to use the Past Perfect Simple Past Perfect tenses in general refer to: An event in the past which happened before another event in the past, where there is no time expression to make this clear.
Direct Speech (Otsene Kõne) Reported Speech (Kaugkõne) Oliver says, "I`m not from poor family." Oliver says that he is not from poor family. Pille says, "The weather has been awful." Pille says that the weather has been awful. Asja Selgitavad tabelid. Statements. When transforming statements, check whether you have to change: · pronouns · present tense verbs (3rd person singular) · place and time expressions · tenses (backshift) Type Example Direct speech "I speak English." Reported speech (No He says that he speaks backshift) English. Reported speech (Backshift) He said that he spoke English. Questions When transforming questions, check whether you have to change: · pronouns · present tense verbs (3rd person singular) · place and time expressions · tenses (backshift)
N: I've been here for ten minutes .The phone has rung ten times today. Look at this cheque,'I've won first prize. They have made a new star wars film. I've just got home. How long have you been here ? Have you ever been to Paris? It's the best book I've ever read. It's the first time I have ever been abroad. 2)Present perfect continious : have/has + been + ing. N:I've been living in this flat since 2000. I've been waiting for ages. I'm hot,I've been running. Past tenses: 1)Past simpleI saw John last week.Agatha Christie wrote detective stories.I got up,had breakfast and went to school. 2)Past continious:was/were+ing N: I was still having dinner when my friend called. I was reading a book while my brother was playing his guitar. 3)past perfect:had+past participle/had+been+ing. N: my brother had gone to bed by the time I got home. By midnight, all the guests had left
Sarah has been invited to the party. • Past Perfect Simple: had been + PP The room had been cleaned before I arrived. • Future Perfect Simple: will have been + PP The room will have been cleaned by the time you arrive. Negatives and questions are formed in the same way as in active sentences. When was your car stolen? I haven’t been invited to any of his parties. NB! The rules for choosing tenses in the Passive are the same as in the Active Voice (e.g. to talk about something that is in progress now, we use the Present Continuous). Modal Verbs and Future in the Passive Voice We use be + Past Participle after will, be going to, can, must, have to, should, etc. This door must be kept locked. This job can’t be done. The new shop will be opened next week. It can also be used after some other structures (want to, would like to, going to).
Big family loses home in fire · Instructions and itineraries Instructions and recipes can be written in present simple instead of in imperative forms. This style is more personal. First you roll out the pastry. Itineraries are descriptions of travel arrangements. On day three we visit Stratford-upon-Avon. · Summaries of events Plots of stories, films etc, and summaries of historical events use present (and present perfect) tenses. 3 May 1945: The war in Europe comes to an end. ... At the end of the play both families realise that their hatred had caused the deaths of the lovers... · Historic present in narrative and 'funny stories' In informal speech, it is possible to use the 'historic present' to describe past events, especially to make the narration seem more immediate and dramatic. ..
We use reported speech when we are saying what other people say, think or believe. - Example: If this verb is in the present tense (says), it's easy. We just put 'she says' and then the sentence. When we are reporting things in the present, future or present perfect we don't change the tense. : direct speech: "I like ice cream" reported speech: She says she likes ice cream - But, if the reporting verb is in the past tense (said), then usually we change the tenses in the reported speech: direct speech: "I like ice cream" reported speech: She said she liked ice cream. ......... · When there are Changing tenses: present changes to past:::: am/is --- was are -- were want/like/know/go etc --- wanted/liked/knew/went etc do/does --- did have/has had will --- would can --- could wanted/liked --- had wanted/had liked NT: Jo says "Mary has given up het hobby." - Jo said that Mary had given up her hobby.
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF OLD ENGLISH - 15 monophtongs, (7 long, 7 short, 1 central), 4 diphtongs, 17 consonants. Free variaton of R, and it was pronounced everywhere. Very much Germanic in character. Quite some special consonants that no longer exist. About morphology: synthetic with numerous aglutinating tendencies. System of tenses Germanic, but with a reduction of tenses. Paradigmatic leveling; Stress shift; Word order; Loan words (Old Norse, Old French). Dual pronouns. Determiners - no separate definite article. Strong and weak verbs. Word order relatively free with tendencies towards SVO. SVO, SOV, VSO most common. Adposition and podposition were both possible (eesliide ja tagaliide). About syntax: clauses were joined much simpler than nowadays, using and, then etc. Because of case syncretion
Types of Verbs Group I Normal Verbs Most verbs are "Normal Verbs." These verbs are usually physical actions which you can see somebody doing. These verbs can be used in all tenses. Normal Verbs to run, to walk, to eat, to fly, to go, to say, to touch, etc. Examples: · I eat dinner every day. · I am eating dinner now. Group II Non-Continuous Verbs The second group, called "Non-Continuous Verbs," is smaller. These verbs are usually things you cannot see somebody doing. These verbs are rarely used in continuous tenses. They include: Abstract Verbs to be, to want, to cost, to seem, to need, to care, to contain, to owe, to exist... Possession Verbs
..;) · Point three (Thirdly..; Let me move on to...; The third point is about...;) · Transition (Move to conclusion. Dont forget linking devices and coheison) 3.CONCLUSION: · Review and summary (Give an account of points, not the details; So, to summarise...; At this state I`d like to conclude that...; In conclusion...; As I`ve explained in this presentation today...;) 4.LANGUAGE AND PRESENTATION: · Use present tenses (Use the present perfect to report somebody`s words...;Oscar Wilde has said that..;) · Make use of synonyms and different grammatical constructions (Try not to repeat the same words or phrases..) · Use a clear voice and logical transitoin (Don`t jump between the points..)
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