Inglise keele stilistika (0)

Style
The term style is a polysemantic one. The latin word „stilus“ meant a writing instrument used by the ancients for writing on waxed tablets . Already , in classical latin the meaning of style was extended to denote the manner of expressing one’s ideas in written or oral form. One of the abts/the best was given by Jonathan Swift : „ Proper words in proper places .“ In present -day english , the world style is used in about half a dozen basic meanings.

the characteristic manner in which a writer expresses his ideas. Some speak about the style of Hemingway , Dickens etc.

the manner of expressing ideas, characteristic of a literary movement or period . Style of symbolism, romanticism

the use of language to pick a literary genre - comedy , novel, drama , O.D (poetic form) etc.

the selective use of language that depends on spheres of human activity – fiction , scientific prose , newspapers, official documents , business correspondenc etc.
Style bears the stamp of indivual usage , that is every writer has a unique pattern/ habit and abilities that form his style.
This approach is best illustrated in the well- known victum of the french poet Georges-Louis de Buffon „Style is the man himself .“
Stylistics
English stylistics or the study of style has not been discussed on the same scale as french stylistics, german or russian. The very term stylistics came into more common use in english only some 30-40 years ago. It was however recorded much earlier that is in 1882 for the first time, meaning „The Study of literary style, the study of stylistic features .“
A short history of the development of stylistics
Stylistics is regarded a relatively new branch of philology, yet its roots go back as far as ancient Greece and Rome, where the rhetoricians (retoorikud) cultivated the art of clear and elegant use of language by developing and polishing stylistic devices .
In the 18th century , an individualistic-psychological view on style and stylistics emerges. The late 19th and and early 20th centuries witnessed a utilitarian approach to stylistics. The tendency to regard stylistics as an applied science has been particularly marked in english-speaking countries. It was believed here that the main aim of stylistics is to improve the style of the writer and of a textbook , that is to show how better to express one’s thoughts. Of foreign linguists, it is the french Ch.Balley, G.Marduzeon who in the 20th century made a definite contribution . This happened because of the centuries-old tradition in France of interest in style. The classical works on english stylistics are those by the german scholars: Ph.Aronstein, M.Deutschbein, I.Galperin. In the 50’s and 60’s of the previous century there was a rapid growth of interest in stylistics throughout the word. In the 70’s and 80’s, the methods of structural linguistics were very popular in stylistics. Present stylistic studies have become quite systematic. Computer-assisted stylistic analysis appears to be quite promising, e.g the study of cases of disputed authorship (I may claim I have written Othello) which may study the influence of one author to another . Although still somewhat chaotic stylistic is a vigorous,