PRACTICE. automatically. Students move toward fluency and “think” about language less as they There are three types of principles: progress. Cognitive – mental and intellectual Application – Don’t overwhelm Socioaffective – emotional students with language rules, balance Linguistic – language rules and practice. Cognitive Principles Cognitive Principles 2. Meaningful Learning 3. Anticipation of Reward “Rote learning has little chance of Reward = Better performance creating long-term retention.” (TBP pg. Application – Use verbal praise, 65) encouragement, compliments,
European Day of Languages Krista Zõhtsõk 11ME Objectives ❖ Importance of language learning; ❖ rich linguistic; ❖ cultural diversity; ❖ lifelong language learning in and out of school. Events ❖ Across Europe; ❖ no funding. Languages of Europe ❖ 225 - 3%; ❖ Indo-European; ❖ Russian; ❖ English. Multilingualism today ❖ Two foreign languages; ❖ language learning; ❖ linguistic diversity. Interesting facts ❖ Asia and Africa; ❖ 50 000 words; ❖ broad groups. Thanks! :)
toistoja. Molemmilla jatko-opiskelijoilla on erittäin hyvät arvosanat pro gradu -tutkielmistaan ja molemmat ovat aloittaneet sekä esitelmöinnin että julkaisemisen. LIITE: Lähdeluettelo Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment. Council of Europe 2001. CROSSLING: https://wiki.uef.fi/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=16586730 Delsing, L.-O. 2007. Scandinavian intercomprehension today. In J.D. ten Thije & L. Zeevaert (eds.), Receptive multilingualism. Linguistic analyses, language policies and dialectic concepts. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 231246. Eckman, F. 2004. From phonemic differences to contrast ranking: research on second language phonology. In Studies in second language acquisition 26, 514539. Gooskens, C. 2006. Linguistic and extra-linguistic predictors of inter-Scandinavian intelligibility. Linguis- tics in the Netherlands, 101-113. Gooskens, C. 2007
Mathematica Margus Martsepp Estonia named first computer- based math education country (11.2.2013) In our first Estonia project we will work with them to rewrite key years of school probability and statistics from scratch. -- Conrad Wolfram Predictive interface Linguistic input suggestions Unit discovery, conversion and problem solving Visualisation and graphics composition is really simple Fundamental limitation of all numerical systems Blind numerical sampling - black box Too complex for others 14th order linear differential system automatically solved Example problem Process diffusion-related experimental data to find the Matano interface and create an ascending diffusion on a ternary plot Example problem Example problem Example problem Example problem Example problem Final result: Line count ratio The end
HISPAANIA KEELE ERIPÄRAD ARGENTIINAS STEVEN KABANEN JA KAAREL ANNAMA ARGENTIINA RAHVAARV: 43 417 000 PEALINN: BUENOS AIRES ESMAKORDSELT MAINITUD 1536 ISESEISEV AASTAST: 1816 Pedro de Mendoza (1487-1537) Dialekt, mis on levinud Argentiina ja Uruguay aladel Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Rosario, La Plata, Montevideo RIOPLATENSE HISPAANIA KEEL Nimi pärineb Rio de la Plata aladelt Argentiinas Cocoliche-Lunfardo Mõjutatud suuresti itaalia keelest (tú quieres-vos querés) Y-hääldus (nt. Playa hääldatakse plah-sha) ll-hääldus (nt. Pollo hääldatakse po-sho) Palju laensõnu erinevatest euroopa keeltest (morfi-toit) S- hääldus (nt. Fresco-freh-ko) Buenos Airese släng (café-feca) ERIPÄRAD https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1K8AZGQv0uI FUN FACTS Praegune Rooma Paavst on argentiinlane Argentiina nimi tuleb la...
Like other Iron Age Europeans, the early Celts maintained a polytheistic mythology and religious structure. Among Celts in close contact with Ancient Rome, such as the Gauls and Celtiberians, their mythology did not survive the Roman empire, their subsequent conversion to Christianity, and the loss of their Celtic languages. It is mostly through contemporary Roman and Christian sources that their mythology has been preserved. The Celts peoples who maintained either their political or linguistic identities (such as the Gaels and Brythonic tribes of Great Britain and Ireland) left vestigial remnants of their forebears' mythologies, put into written form during the Middle Ages. Though the Celtic world at its apex covered much of western and central Europe, it was not politically unified nor was there any substantial central source of cultural influence or homogeneity; as a result, there was a great deal of variation in local practices of Celtic
Players could be from a few hundred feet throw wooden shafts at it. apart to a few miles. The object of the game was to strike the disk or prevent Other games included corn, your opponents from cane, and moccasin games. hitting it. Chunkey player Language English, Choctaw The Choctaw language belongs to the Muskogean linguistic group. Closely related to Chickasaw, some linguists consider the two dialects a single language The Choctaw language is the essence of tribal culture, tradition, and identity. Religion Protestant, Roman Catholic, traditional beliefs Good spirit and an evil spirit. Sun, or Hushtahli, worshippers. Prayers may have been introduced by missionaries. Choctaw prophets were known to have addressed the sun. Traditional clothing
English roots. The words be, strong and water, for example, derive from Old English. Old English was spoken until around 1100. [5] 2) Middle English (1100-1500) In 1066 William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy (part of modern France), invaded and conquered England. The new conquerors (called the Normans) brought with them a kind of French, which became the language of the Royal Court, and the ruling and business classes. For a period there was a kind of linguistic class division, where the lower classes spoke English and the upper classes spoke French. In the 14th century English became dominant in Britain again, but with many French words added. This language is called Middle English. It was the language of the great poet Chaucer (c1340-1400), but it would still be difficult for native English speakers to understand today. [5] 3) Early Modern English (1500-1800)
Verner's law, stated by Karl Verner in 1875, describes a historical sound change in the Proto- Germanic language whereby voiceless fricatives *f, *, *s, *h, *h, when immediately following an unstressed syllable in the same word, underwent voicing and became respectively the fricatives[1] *b, *d, *z, *g, *g. Significance: Karl Verner published his discovery in the article "Eine Ausnahme der ersten Lautverschiebung" (an exception to the first sound shift) in Kuhn's Journal of Comparative Linguistic Research in 1876, but he had presented his theory already on 1 May, 1875 in a comprehensive personal letter to his friend and mentor, Vilhelm Thomsen. It was received with great enthusiasm by the young generation of comparative philologists, the so- called Junggrammatiker, because it was an important argument in favour of theNeogrammarian dogma that the sound laws were without exceptions ("die Ausnahmslosigkeit der Lautgesetze"). BREAKING IN OLD ENGLISH
study the influence of one author to another. Although still somewhat chaotic stylistic is a vigorous, young science with vast prospects. Stylistician- a scholar who studies style. Stylist- a writer or speaker skilled in a literary style. Linguistic style Linguistic style is a variety of language with its peculiar vocabulary, phraseology, grammatical, phonetic features that are used selectively and purposefully to express ideas in a given situation. Linguostylistics or linguistic stylistics Studies linguistic facts from the point of view of the ability to convey additional shades of meaning. Any act of speech that is both oral and written is meant to pass on information. There are 2 types: 1. the content as such 2. additional information The second one is expressed by emotional, emphatic shades of meaning that are attached to the main content. Stylistics studies this latter information type. Every speaker has experienced
générale), was published posthumously in 1916 by former students Charles Bally and Albert Sechehaye on the basis of notes taken from Saussure's lectures in Geneva. The Course became one of the seminal linguistics works of the 20th century, not primarily for the content (many of the ideas had been anticipated in the works of other 20th century linguists), but rather for the innovative approach that Saussure applied in discussing linguistic phenomena. Saussure is one of the founding fathers of semiotics, which he called semiology. His concept of the sign/signifier/signified/referent forms the core of the field. Equally crucial, although often overlooked or misapplied, is the dimension of the syntagmatic and paradigmatic axes of linguistic description. Saussure's 'theory of the sign' defined a sign as being made up of the matched pair of signifier and signified. Signifier
So do most lawyers. You know Latin was and is important for English law, the practice of using Latin word versus in case names (for "against") still occurs daily. Why change something that has been used and appreciated for thousands of years? Law is known for it's conservatism and legalese might have maintained so well because many lawyers have learned it's value and feel special to be one of the few who can understand it. Secondly, legal language includes some very complex linguistic practices of an ancient profession, so maybe the best way to sound like a professional is to use as much legal vocabulary as possible. There are literally thousands of terms to choose from. No one will doubt that you are a real professional if you use the right expressions. Body 2: That brings us to a fact that regular people have been frustrated with legal language for quite some time since it can sometimes be confusing and unnecessary
"father" of modern high fantasy literature. Biography. Childhood John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born in Bloemfontein in South Africa. As a child, he was bitten by a large baboon spider in the garden, an event some think later echoed in his stories. In 1900, He entered the King Edward school, where he learned the old English language and started exploring other — Welsh, Norse, Finnish, Gothic. He early showed up linguistic talent, after studying the Welsh and Finnish languages, he began designing "Elvish" languages. Biography. Youth In 1911, Tolkien went on a summer holiday in Switzerland, a trip that he recollects vividly in a 1968 letter, noting that Bilbo's journey across the Misty Mountains is directly based on his adventures as their party of hiked from Interlaken to Lauterbrunnen and on to camp in the moraines beyond Mürren. Design languages
their own language.It has been predicted that by 2003 only one third of the internet users will be speakers of english. As a result, companies wanting to reach world markets are beginning to realise that they will have to translate their websites for their various customers.However,creating a multilingual website is not an easy task. Companies wishing to translate their sites for different markets basically face both tehnical and linguistic problems. They are unable to use automated translation system, which already exist in the market, simply because the quality is not good enough for proffesional use.Businesses all over the world are now faced with this huge challenge.Moreover, translating websites is only the beginning.Customers with questions or problem will need to discuss matters in their own language, for example, while prices will need to bei n the local currency. Dates will also need
konjunktsioon between words, phrases, clauses and sentences. There school. are two types of conjunctions: coordinating and He failed the exam (main) although subordinating. Coordinating conjunctions he worked hard. (subordinate) (coordinators; and, but, or) join linguistic units with equal grammatical status. Subordinating conjunctions (subordinators; although, after, as, because, before, since, when) indicate the semantic relationship between a subordinate clause and a main clause.
Philosophy of Language Philosophy of Language: a Contemporary Introduction introduces the student to the main issues and theories in twentieth and twenty-first-century phi- losophy of language, focusing specifically on linguistic phenomena. Topics are structured in four parts in the book. Part I, Reference and Referring, includes topics such as Russell's Theory of Descriptions, Donnellan's distinction, problems of anaphora, the description theory of proper names, Searle's cluster theory, and the causalhistorical theory. Part II, Theories of Meaning, surveys the competing theories of linguistic mean- ing and compares their various advantages and liabilities. Part III, Pragmatics
use Toome hill as a place of rejuvenation. The bridge, designed by J.W. Krause, was built in 1814-1816 and replaced an earlier temporary bridge. The bridge was thoroughly renovated in 1913, at which time a bust-portrait of the university's first rector, G. Fr. Parrot, and a dedication text, was placed on the bridge's Toome Hill face (sculptor C. v. Wetter-Rosenthal). Toome Hill ´s larger bridge is the yellow and white, classical style. The name is thought to come from a linguistic twist - part of the hill is landscaped likean English garden and the words "English"(inglise) and Angel(ingel) are nearly the same in Estonian. Local tradition says that when crossing it, you should hold your breath and make a wish! The Devil's Bridge was built in 1913 in honour of the 300th jubilee of tsarist Russia's Romanov Dynasty, which is memorialized on the bridge by the dates 1613-1913. The bridge is dedicated to Emperor Alexander I, who signed the founding treaty for
stress. b. How do you understand the conflict between ‘truth’ and ‘beauty’? - c. Why are descriptive verbs (‘kirjeldav tegusõna’) usually easy to translate? - Descriptive verbs of movement and action, since they describe a manner, are rich in sound effect. d. Explain the importance of the metaphor in this context. - Metaphor is the link between the expressive and the aesthetic function. Metaphor connects the extra linguistic reality with the world of the mind through languages. Metaphor, being both an expressive and an asthetic component, has to be preserved intact in translation 6. Phatic (‘faatiline’) and metalingual (‘keeleväline’) function a. What is the purpose (two) of phatic texts? b. Bring examples of phaticisms (at least 4). (So that you understand it yourself later!) c. Explain the essence of the metalingual function. d. Bring examples of phrases that indicate metalingual qualities (at least 4)
phrase or sentence”. “For example, in the words misfortunes and premeditated, the roots are clearly fortune and medit-, because these morphs make the most concrete and distinctive contributions to the meanings of these words; furthermore, fortune is free, as most English roots are. (The root of premeditated is medit- , not meditate, because –ate is a verb-forming affix that occurs also in generate, vibrate, and many other words.)” * Morpheme: meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word (such as dog) or a word element (such as the -s at the end of dogs) that can't be divided into smaller meaningful parts. morpheme – the minimal linguistic sign bound morpheme – a morpheme that can only occur if attached to some other phoneme • full • fullness • spoonful • cheerful “Most analysts of contemporary English prefer to distinguish three morphs: a root in full and fullness, a noun-forming
Example Estonian in the 21st century. Diachronic approach to language → A focus in language study on how a language has changed over some period of time. In a way it is comparing language to what it was and how it is now. For example comparing 18th century and 19th century Estonian. Linguistic competence → Is a person’s knowledge of how it is correct to speak but he or she is unable to give reasons why this is the right way of speaking. Chomsky says that linguistic competence is an idealized capacity of language. It is the hearers knowledge of his/hers language and it is the ‘mental reality’ which is responsible for all those aspects of language use which can be characterized as ‘linguistic’. Abstract sets of rules that help us to form and understand grammatical sentences. Linguistic performance → According to Chomsky linguistic performance is the production of actual utterances which rely on our mental reality of language
universaalide otsimine teadlaste huviobjekt olema. Keeleteadlaste tahe leida keeleuniversaale viib keeleteadust üha edasi, kuigi igal katsel ei pruugita tõelevastavaid universaale leida. Aga ka vigadest õpitakse! Samas ei välista Osgood (1961: 250) üht teisest: universaalsuse kõrval on alati unikaalsus. Vahest oleks parem võtta suund unikaalsuse rõhutamisele, mitte universaalsuse ümberlükkamisele? KIRJANDUS Anderson, Stephen R. 2010. How Many Languages Are There in the World? Linguistic Society of America; http://www.linguisticsociety.org/content/how-many-languages-are- there-world. Vaadatud 26.02.2015. Chomsky, Noam 1965. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambrige: MIT Press; http://faculty.georgetown.edu/irvinem/theory/Chomsky-Aspects-excerpt.pdf. Vaadatud 26.02.2015. Chomsky, Noam 2000. The Architecture of Language; http://www.chomsky.info/books/architecture01.htm. Vaadatud 26.02.2015.
· East Timor · Iran · Micronesia, Fed. China · Zimbabwe · Ecuador · Iraq Sts 4 Access to Health Services · Physical barriers · Lack of transport · Travel time · Lack of evening clinics · Lack of home visits · Linguistic access · Lack of firstaid 5 Equipment & Conditions · Equipment is old-fashoined · Money comes only from donations of the aidfunds, not from the government · New equipment, sent by aidfunds, is only in small percent of the clinics · Lack of needed equipment · Many of the simpler operations are carried out
reading texts, activities, and assessments. As part of this research, a 2008 pilot study was conducted in two online teacher professional development (TPD) for ELL teachers in the United States: one at a large, private university on the west coast, and another at a large, private university on the east. WordNet lexical database. A central purpose of the pilot was to gauge if Text Adaptor increased teachers' linguistic awareness, resulting in improved text adaptations for ELLs. A pre-posttest design was implemented with approximately 70 teachers enrolled in the TPD courses. The pilot activities were integrated into the respective TPD courses. All participants completed online background surveys about their educational and teaching experiences, and post-surveys that asked the control group about their experience adapting texts in the pilot study, and asked the
Direct contact is the best way to learn. Outdoor education is necessary to encourage students to become good stewards and to think globally but act locally regarding the environment and environmental issues. Also, outdoor education is not only important to raise environmentally responsible citizens, but to have positive impact on student's development. Several studies are claiming that students who participate in outdoor education have rising trends in self-esteem, linguistic skills, motivation, concentration and better understanding of the concept. All these aspects are essential in youth development and the main reason why these traits have positive growth is that in outdoor education many different subjects are combined and integrated. This will make student lives and interaction with the world clearer. Some nature centers, environmental education facilities, camps, and other
FORMATION OF MEDIEVAL kARELIA · WHAT WAS BEFORE MIDDLE AGES · WHAT CHANGES OCCURRED WITH IT HOW KARELIA LOOKED LIKE WHEN NEW · ERA DAWNED IN 16th CENTURY GEOGRAPHY OF KARELIA AND ITS RELEVANCE Click to edit Master text styles Major changes in prehistoric times in Second level Karelia Third level Transgression of Ladoga Birth of Vuoksi 3700 BCE Fourth level Birth of Neva 1300 BCE Fifth level Land rise during entire period from Ice Age till today, leading most notably to changes in Vuoksi river's flow Crossroads of trading routes White Sea/Arctic Ocean Upper Volga / Caspian basin Baltic Sea basin Dnepr / Black Sea basin Daugava Waterways: Gulf of Finland, Ladoga, Onega, White Sea, Neva, Vuoksi, Svir, Volkhov, Vyt...
These are called functional styles or registers (fiction, newspaper) Stylistics is the study of style. However, for some reason, English stylistics is less developed than French, German or Russian. The term ,,stylistics"came into more common use in English only some 35 years ago. It was recorded much earlier; in 1882 as "the study of literary style, the study of stylistic features" Stylistics is a branch of linguistics that studies principles of selecting different linguistic means for passing on thoughts and emotions. It studies: · Different functional styles, styles of genres, individual styles · Expressive, emotional features of different language units Stylist--a writer or a speaker skilled in a literary style Stylistition--a scholar who studies stylistics The word "style" is applied to many things. A linguistic style is a variety of subsystem of lg with its peculiar vocabulary, phraseology, grammatical and phonetic features that are
recognise their national identity. Until the 20th century, our mother tongue was most influenced by German language. During the first half of 20th century, Estonian language was closer to Finnish and the second half of 20th century was dominated by Russian influences. In the 21th century, however, Estonian language has been stoutly impacted by English. Some people are very protective and resolute about preserving Estonian language with its linguistic diversity just as it is without any foreign influences. Some say that it is only natural that every language changes, picking up bits and pieces of other languages. I believe both "parties" are correct, but I also believe that we must be careful, unless instead a normal development of our language we get overrun by another language, thereby mutating Estonian into Estonglish. Everything even remotely tourist/abroad aimed is labelled firstly in English and in very small letters in Estonian
Bubonic plaguse killed one third of the population in England during its first outbreak and continued to reappear periodically for another 300 years. 1605 The Gunpowder plot The 17th century James I became the first English king of the Stuart dynasty, he was already James VI of Scotland so the crowns of these two countries were united The goverments continued to seperate, but the linguistic differences were lessened The kind of Middle English spoken in lowland Scotland had developed into a written language known as Scots Scottish Protesntant church adopted English Bibles. English became the written standard in Scotland as well The link between religion and politics became intense Charles I was executed Stuart monarcgs raised money without getting the agreement fromm the
g. the style of a comedy, drama, novel). 4. the selective use of language that depends on spheres / areas of human activity (e.g. style of fiction, scientific prose, newspapers, business correspondence, etc.). STYLISTICS Stylistics is the study of style. The very term "stylistics" came in more common use in English only some 45 years ago. Stylistics is a part of style; it studies principles of selecting and using different linguistic means (grammatical and phonetic) that serve to render shades of meaning. The Stylistics of language studies stylistic devices and expressive shades of linguistic units (words, construction of phrases). The Stylistics of speech studies individual texts viewing the way the message or content is expressed. Literary Stylistics concentrates on artistic expressiveness that characterizes a literary work, a writer, or a whole time period.
However, it was recorded for the first time much earlier in 1882, meaning "the study of literary style, the study of stylistic features" (Oxford Dictionary). Stylist is a writer / speaker skilled in a literary style (e.g. Hemingway is considered a peculiar stylist used a lot of repetitions). Stylistician is a scholar (a student). Style is applied to many things: clothing, architecture, hairstyles, etc. A linguistic style (style in language) is a variety of subsystems of language with its peculiar vocabulary, phraseology, grammatical and phonetic features that are used selectively to express ideas in a given situation. Stylistics is a part of style; it studies principles of selecting and using different linguistic means (grammatical and phonetic) that serve to render shades of meaning. Stylistics studies
He said that she knows where all his things are and remembers his meetings. There is a scene in the movie where Higgins and Pickering prepare Eliza for the ball. Make a list of what they do to get her ready. They teach her how to behave and teach her to dance how to speak properly Who is Nepommuck? How is Nepommuck described in the play and what does he look like in the movie? What kind of explanation does Nepommuck have for his appearance? Nepommuck is Higgins's former student and the Hungarian linguistic prodigy. He can place a man anywhere in the world just by hearing him speak and he speaks thirty two languages. He says "Nobody notice me when I shave. Now I am famous: they call me Hairy Faced Dick." How did Eliza do in the ball? Was it found out who she really was? What was Nepommuck's theory of who Eliza was and what were his explanations to it. Eliza did very good in the ball. No-one found out who she really was. Nepommuck thought that she is a princess.
Implants: Principles & Practices, Vol. 2, 269–312. Schorr, E. A., Roth, F. P. & Fox, N. A. (2008). A Comparison of the Speech and Language Skills of Children With Cochlear Implants and Children With Normal Hearing. Communication Disorders Quaterly, 29(4), 195–210 Snellman S., Lindberg T. (2007) Appi mu klassis on kuulmislangusega õpilane 7-9 Spencer, P. E. (2004). Individual Differences in Language Performance after Cochlear Implantation at One to Three Years of Age: Child, Family, and Linguistic Factors. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 9(4), 395–412 Tomblin, J. B., Peng, S.-C., Spencer, L. J. & Lu, N. (2008). Long-Term Trajectories of the Development of Speech Sound Production in Pediatric Cochlear Implant Recipients. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 51(5), 1353–1368 Walker E. A., Holte L., McCreery R. W., Spratford M., Page T., Moeller M. P. (2015) The Influence of Hearing Aid Use on Outcomes of Children With Mild Hearing Loss Journal of
important in that environment. That doesn't mean that you can read very much into individual words and individual facts about the lexicon of a given language (this topic has already come up in connection with debates about the location of the Indo-European homeland), but as a generalisation about lexicons, it's certainly valid. Systematic consideration of the lexicon is often left out of language descriptions and doesn't play much of a role in linguistic theory, in part because the lexicon is (or is often thought of as) the repository of everything that is arbitrary and unsystematic about language. Looked at one way, this exclusion makes sense: whether a language has a word for `horse' or not tells us nothing about the language's grammar or phonology. However, the fact that the lexicon reflects the physical and cultural environment in which a language is spoken does have an
1890s to the present), including works of Russian emigrants abroad and nonRussian writers in Russia proper. Curriculum at the Division of Russian as a Foreign Language is similar to the one of the Division of the Russian Language and Literature, with additional stress laid on foreign languages, the theory and methods of teaching Russian as a foreign language, and area studies. Division of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics aims at giving students profound knowledge in the field of linguistic theory. The core courses include mathematics (mathematical language, probability models, mathematical statistics, information theory and coding, algebra, logic, mathematical theory of grammar) and linguistics (the theory of language structure, comparative linguistics, language typology, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics; applied linguistics including speech and text processing, quantitative linguistics, modern applied linguistics). History of the Department
Kognitiivne lingvistika on suutnud tuua keelde tähenduse mõiste. Kuna kognitiivne liikumine ei piiru ainult lingvistikat, siis aitavab erinevate teaduste integreerimine ja nende tähtsamate meetodite lingvistikasse integreerimine edendada lingvistikat ja meie arusaama keelest. Viited B r u n e r, J. 1990. Acts of Meaning. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University. Press. Evens, V., Bergen, B. K., Zinken, J.(2007). The cognitive linguistics enterprise: an overview. The Cognitive Linguistic Reader 1- 36 J o h n s o n, M. 1987. The Body in the Mind. The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Õim, Haldur. (2008). Kognitiivne pööre. Lk 617-627 Barsalou, L. (1999). Perceptual symbol systems. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 577609. Bergen, B. & Chang, N. (2005). Embodied construction Grammar in simulationbased language understanding. In J.-O. Ostman & M
Near-synonym- nearly similar meaning Cognitive-nt I´m firm, you are subbourn 18) antonyms Opposite meaning. Contrary antonyms- gradable. Long-short Complementary- ungradable. Dead-alive Converse antonyms- relational by/sell, lend/ borrow 19) hypernyms and hyponyms Hyponym- a word phrase or lexeme of narrower or mre specific meaning that comes under another- a wider or more general meaning. A rose is a hyponym but a flower is a hypernym. 20) Meronym Semantic realtion used in linguistic. Meronymy means a part of a whole. Tree/forest, finger/hand 21) syntagmatic relation Complete lingustic unit- relation between complex object and their parts, or between the prts of these objects and other parts. First of all- immediant dominance: X'', X'. Second linear precedence: subject < verb. Third: sentence functions: subject, object, indirect object.... . fourth government relations: head, odifies, complement. Fifth: binding relations i saw John, when he came in. 22) collocations
- An agenda for new skills and jobs, which aims at revamping flexicurity policies to make the labour market function better, help people develop the skills of tomorrow and improve job quality and working conditions. - Youth on the move, which will contribute to better education and training help/encourage young people to study abroad and make it easier to find a job (access to other countries to improve their linguistic skills etc) - European platform against poverty and social exclusion, which helps disseminate best practices and makes funding available to support social inclusion and combat discrimination. Creating more and better jobs is one of the main goals of the EU 2020 Strategy. The integrated guidelines contain 3 EU headline targets on employment: - Labour market: increase the labour market participation of people aged 20-64 to 75% by 2020; through, inter
Article publié pp. 6-15 en « Préambule » du Hors-série de la revue Savoirs et Formations n° 3 (« Parcours de formation, d'intégration et d'insertion : La place de la compétence culturelle »). Montreuil : Fédération AEFTI, 2013, 92 p. LA COMPÉTENCE CULTURELLE ET SES COMPOSANTES Christian PUREN www.christianpuren.com Note pour cette réédition en ligne Je reprends dans cet article, en l'appliquant à la problématique étudiée dans ce numéro de revue (la formation des publics migrants et des adultes en formation de base), mon « Modèle complexe de la compétence culturelle (composantes historiques trans-, méta-, inter-, pluri-, co-culturelles) : exemples de validation et d'application actuelles », www.christianpuren.com/mes-travaux-liste-et-liens/2011j/. Introduction Cet article a été rédigé à la demande de la rédaction de la revue S&FSavoirs et formation Recherches & Pratiques, en fonction de l'objectif de ce num...
1. Be ready to explain the terms (lecture 1): language, linguistics, synchronic approach to language, diachronic approach to language, linguistic competence, linguistic performance, what is grammar?, prescriptive grammar vs. descriptive grammar; phonology, phonetics, phone, allophone, phoneme; morphology, morphemes (types of morphemes), morphs, allomorphs, types of affixes, derivational affixes, inflectional affixes; open vs closed class words; syntax. Language: a systematic, conventional use of sounds, signs or written symbols in a human society for communication and self-expression. - human language at all levels is rule- or principle-governed.
iStock) Language gave us the skill to exchange complex thoughts and ideas (Credit: iStock) When you pull together our unparalleled language skills, our ability to infer others' mental states and our instinct for cooperation, you have something unprecedented. Us. Just look around you, Tomasello says, "we're chatting and doing an interview, they (chimps) are not." We have our advanced language skills to thank for that. We may see evidence of basic linguistic abilities in chimpanzees, but we are the only ones writing things down. We tell stories, we dream, we imagine things about ourselves and others and we spend a great deal of time thinking about the future and analysing the past. We have a fundamental urge to link our minds together There's more to it, Thomas Suddendorf, an evolutionary psychologist at the University of Queensland in Australia is keen to point out. We have a fundamental urge to link our minds together
influenced by what came from abroad. Today we have every reason to see this as a legend that he created about himself. The most significant point made by the two books by Regan is that whether one accepts the image of “provincial Larkin” or that of “modernist (even postmodernist) Larkin”, it is equally significant to make a distinction between the poet and the persona in his poems. He argues, furthermore, that a linguistic or stylistic approach is much more fruitful in the analysis of poetry in general, and Larkin’s poems in particular, than a thematic one. Regan quotes some authors who maintain the view that Larkin’s stylistic effects are based upon a combination of metaphoric (literary) and metonymic (colloquial) language. He, however, can fully accept the method based upon this stylistic distinction only if it analyses poetry in the context of the society in which it was written.
Vaimse võimekuse kontseptsioonid I Ülevaade probleemidest 1. Kontseptsioonide ja mõõtmise probleem. 1.1 Psühhomeetria intelligentsustestid & IQ valiidsus 1.2. Üldintelligentsus vs intelligentsuse vormid moodulid praktiline intelligentsus haridus ja vaimsed võimed 1.3. Vaimsed võimed ja kultuur sotsialiseerumine naiivne kontsepsioon võimetest 1.4. Areng ja vaimsed võimed Piaget, Võgotski staadiumid, "dünaamiline" testimine 1.5. Bioloogiline lähenemine aju anatoomia ja füsioloogia 2. Intelligentsustestide reliaabluse probleem 2.1. Testide reliaablus IQ ja vanuselised muutused (kuni 18 punkti) madal korrelatsioon (keskmine r =.36) 2.2. Testide ennustav valiidsus IQ ja akadeemiline edukus (keskmine r = .50 ) IQ ja hariduse kestvus ( keskmine r = .55) IQ ja vanemate SES IQ ja professionaalne edukus (keskmine r = .30 kuni .5...
pidzinkeelest, sest kreoolkeel on saanud naturaalseks keeleks ja seda õpitakse esimese keelena, sellel on väljaarenenud grammatika; esimese keelena omandamine on üks loomuliku keele olulisemaid tunnuseid ladina tähestik tähestik, mida kasutatakse ladina keele kirjutamiseks, kutsutakse ka rooma tähestikuks, arenes välja kreeka tähestikust ja on tänapäeval levinuim tähestikusüsteem läänemeresoome keeleliit (Circum-Baltic linguistic area) läänemeresoome keeled on liivi (30, Läti), eesti (1 000 000, Eesti), vadja (50, Venemaa), soome (5 000 000, Soome), isuri/ingeri (300, Venemaa), karjala (40 000, Soome, Venemaa), aunuse (30 000, Venemaa), lüüdi (5000, Venemaa), vepsa (6000, Venemaa) metatees häälikumuutus, mis muudab foneemide järjekorda sõnas; nt sõnad bird ja horse olid varem bryd ja hros, seega metatees muutis need selleks, mis need tänapäeval on; three > third, thirteen;
and not “oneself”: Mallarme’s entire poetics consists in suppressing the author for the sake of the writing (which is, as we shall see, to restore the status of the reader.) Valery, encumbered with a psychology of the Self, greatly edulcorated Mallarme’s theory, but, turning in a preference for classicism to the lessons of rhetoric, he unceasingly questio- ned and mocked the Author, emphasized the linguistic and almost “chance” nature of his activity, and throughout his prose works championed the essentially verbal condition of literature, in the face of which any recourse to the writer’s inferiority seemed to him pure superstition. It is clear that Proust himself, despite the apparent psychological cha- racter of what is called his analyses, undertook the responsibility of inexorably blurring, by an extreme subtilization, the relation of the writer and his characters: by making the
Vaimse võimekuse kontseptsioonid I Ülevaade probleemidest 1. Kontseptsioonide ja mõõtmise probleem. 1.1 Psühhomeetria intelligentsustestid & IQ valiidsus 1.2. Üldintelligentsus vs intelligentsuse vormid moodulid praktiline intelligentsus haridus ja vaimsed võimed 1.3. Vaimsed võimed ja kultuur sotsialiseerumine naiivne kontsepsioon võimetest 1.4. Areng ja vaimsed võimed Piaget, Võgotski staadiumid, "dünaamiline" testimine 1.5. Bioloogiline lähenemine aju anatoomia ja füsioloogia 2. Intelligentsustestide reliaabluse probleem 2.1. Testide reliaablus IQ ja vanuselised muutused (kuni 18 punkti) madal korrelatsioon (keskmine r =.36) 2.2. Testide ennustav valiidsus IQ ja akadeemiline edukus (keskmine r = .50 ) IQ ja hariduse kestvus ( keskmine r = .55) IQ ja vanemate SES IQ ja professionaalne edukus (keskmine r = .30 kuni .5...
pressed by means of two different parameters: characters per second and words per minute. Karamitroglou published the article entitled "A Proposed Set of Subtitling Standards in Europe" in issue number 2 of Translation Journal in 1998. This art- icle covers many aspects in relation with subtitles, their format and the profession- al conventions at stake. With a somewhat prescriptive intention, the author pro- poses some linguistic "best practices", as far as creation of subtitles is concerned. In terms of reading speed, he mentions that a tested value for "average readers" (i.e. aged 1465 years, and who belong to a middle-high social class from an edu- Babel 59:4 (2013), 406420. © Fédération des Traducteurs (fit) Revue Babel doi 10.1075/babel.59.4.02mar issn 05219744 e-issn 15699668 Subtitle reading speed407
The aim of the report is to recommend that legal action should be taken against AMC. The most important piece of information to support this aim is the fact that AMC have broken their contractual obligations. By reversing the order in which the two problems are described, the secretary ensures that this piece of information receives the maximum amount of emphasis, or focus, and thus leads logically into the recommendation. We will be looking again at the idea of linguistic focus in Unit 6. 3 Grammar, Spelling and Sentence Construction As well as reorganizing the information in the report the secretary also made a number of changes to the language which the writer had used. You probably noticed that Text 1 contained a number of grammatical and spelling mistakes. If not, look for them now before continuing with this Discussion section. Grammar `AMC's works have gone down' AMC's work has really gone down.
influence on Received Pronunciation has been stuck to by the media and a gossip about the death of Queen's English in the foreseeable future has been spreading to the detriment of EE speakers: "Reports of its death are silly journalistic exaggerations." (Wells 1998-1999). Tatham allows for the possibility of EE becoming the accent of the majority of English people from various socio-economic groups, while the linguistic minorities from the lowest groups may "use certain features of `Estuary English' in combination with elements of whatever their regional speech might be" (1999/2002). He assumes that Estuary English may take over some of the functions RP has served for years, for example disguising one's origins. He actually thinks that EE may have already become a model for general imitation "for large and influential sections of the young".
Practical value lies in using and appretiating the lg more conciously. There is diachronic (historical) L that studies origin and development; syncronic studies voc at a given historical period. There are general L (studies words disregarding particular features of any particular lg); special L (studies specific features of a separate lg, there is Engl that bases on general L); contrastive (compares vocabularys in different languages). 2. Connection of L with other linguistic disciplines a) the word performes a certain grammatical function (nt, he always misses the class, how many misses are there; the girl powders her nose, soliders face powder)In speech words are combined according to grammatical rules. The plural of nouns may carry a new meaning (nt, arms-weapons, looks-appearance, works-plant) b)connected with phonetics. The meaning of a word is expressed by sounds and it depends on the order of sounds(spoonerism)
Toote kvaliteet. Osa 1: Kvaliteedimudel [AB+] Abratt, D., Mallinson, W., Bekker, A. (2003). Usability Testing: Recipe for success. http://www.testingstandards.co.uk/usability_recipe_for_success.htm [AN+] Andrews, M., Whittaker, J.A. (2006). How to break software: Functional and Security Testing of Web Applications and Web Services. Addison-Wesley Professional [BE+]Berry, D.M., Kamsties, E., Krieger, M.M. (2003). From Contract Drafting to Software Specification: Linguistic Sources of Ambiguity--A Handbook, manuscript. http://se.uwaterloo.ca/~dberry/handbook/ambiguityHandbook.pdf [BZ] Bugzilla. Http://www.bugzilla.org/ Veahaldussüsteem [ED] Edvardsson, J. A survey on Automatic Test data Generation. http://www.ida.liu.se/~joned/papers/class_atdg.pdf [FE+]Fewster, M., Graham, D. (1999). Software test automation: effective use of test execution tools. Addison-Wesley [GN] GNOME Human Interface Guidlines http://developer.gnome.org/projects/gup/hig/2.0/ [HU+] Hull, E
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