Mikk Hödemann 12.d klass English Parliament What can I say about the English history at all? I think that this is the most interesting history I had to study. During this subject (British civilization), I discovered some exciting facts, occasions which took place in the British history. One of these "discoveries" was the English Parliament. I was amazed how fast it grew within the centuries, from eleventh to seventeenth centuries. The political history of British Isles over the past 800 years has been largely one of reducing the power of the monarchy and transferring authority to a London-based Parliament as the sovereign legislative body for all of Britain. This development has resulted in political, social and religious conflicts, as well as evolving governmental and constitutional institutions.
British Parliament Structure and Functioning of the British Parliament today Britain is a parliamentary monarchy . The British Parliament is a bicameral parliament , that is to say that it is made up of two chambers, or two "Houses"; above the two Houses, but in an essentially formal role , there is the Sovereign - king or queen - also known as "the crown." Role of the Sovereign The British monarch has all authority, but no power. The Sovereign appoints the Prime Minister, and every year opens the sessions of parliament, in a historical and ritual ceremony called the State Opening of Parliament . Historically, this ceremony used to take place in the
HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT Houses of Parliament also known as the Palace of Westminster is one of the most attractive buildings in London. It stands on the site where Edward the Confessor had the original palace built in the first half of the eleventh century . In 1547 the royal residence was moved to Whitehall Palace, but the Lords continued to meet at Westminster, while the commons met in St. Stephen's Chapel. Ever since these early times, the Palace of Westminster has been home to the English Parliament.
The British Parliament The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the British Parliament,Westminster Parliament or simply "Westminster". The British constitution has envolved over many centuries and unlike many other nations, the UK has no single constitutional documents. But Britain does, however, have certain important constitutional documents, including Magna Carta, Bill of Rights and Reform Act. It is formed partly by statue law, partly by common law and partly by conventions. Fundamental law doesn´t exist in the United Kingdom.
THE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT a.k.a thePalace of Westminster IN GENERAL... The last monarch to live there, Henry VIII, moved out in 1512 Parliament has met in the Palace of Westminster since around 1550 there has been a royal palace on this site for nearly 1,000 years in the 19th Century a fire destroyed most of the earlier medieval buildings HISTORY Was originally laid out for Edward the Confessor more than 1,000 years ago in 1066, became the home of William the Conqueror in 1834, everything except Westminster Hall was burnt in the great fire the present building was designed specifically to house
Describe the British Parliament Works in a large building called the Palace of Westminster aka The Houses of Parliament. There are offices, committee rooms, restaurants, bars, libraries and even some places of residence. Two large rooms: The House of Lords meet in one and the House of Commons in the other. The British Parliament is divided into two houses, but the House of Commons is obviously more important and only they are considered to be the MPs. In the House of Commons there are just two rows of benches facing each other. On the left sit the members of the governing party and on the right sit the opposition. The Speaker sits between them and controls the action. The arrangement of the benches encourages confrontation between the government and the opposition. There is no place for somebody
The Houses of Parliament The Houses of Parliament also known as The Palace of Westminister or Westminister Palace was built in 11th century by man called Charles Barry .It is located on the north back of the River Thames. In 1834 most of it burned, so in 1840 The Palace of Westminister was rebuilt. It is the meeting place of the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom - the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The Houses of Parliament is composed of 1100 rooms, 100 staircases and three miles of corridors. Parliament takes breaks during Christmas, Easter and over the summer. The Palace of Westminster features three main towers The Central Tower, The Victoria Tower and The Clock Tower, also known as Big Ben. The Central Tower stands over the middle of the building, immediately above the Central Lobby. This tower is proof that after the fire in 1834, the palace can still look good. The Victoria Tower is the most striking
Ludgate Hill, the highest point in the City of London, and is the seat of the Bishop of London. Shakespeare's Globe Shakespeare's Globe is a reconstr uction of the Globe Theatre which was destroyed by f ire in 1613. The theatre was opened to the public in 1997. Westminster Abbey Westminster Abbey is a large, mainly Gothic church in Westminster, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. The Houses of Parliament The Palace of Westminster is also known as the Houses of Parliament or Westminster Palace. It's the meeting place of the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
brother John who was already very unpopular for being greedy. In1204 he became even more unpopular because the French king invaded Normandy and the English nobles lost their land there. He was a failure as a king. He had taken the nobles money but couldn't protect their lands. In 1215 the nobles made him sign a new agreement Magna Carta. Magna Carta and the decline of feudalism. The new agreement was an important symbol of political freedom. Hundreds of years later it was used by Parliament to protect themselves against the powerful king. It didn't give the freedom to most of the people living in England. It's only aim was to make sure that John and the kings after him wouldn't go beyond his rights as a feudal lord again. The nobles established a committee for that. Another sign of the chaning feudalism was the army. Kings started to pay for soldiers. The Power of the Kings of England. Church and state William had created Norman bishops and given them land for homage
UK Parliament Parliament of the United Kingdom The Parliament of the United Kingdom is the highest legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories. It alone has parliamentary sovereignty over all other political bodies. At its head is the Queen Elizabeth II. The parliament has an upper house, the House of Lords, and a lower house, the House of Commons. The House of Lords plays an important role in checking and challenging the decisions and actions of the government through questions and debates. A House of Commons evolved at some point in England during the 14th century, becoming the House of Commons of Great Britain after the political union with Scotland in 1707. How laws are made
fairer, safer world. For now European Union is achieved frontier-free travel and trade, the euro (the single European currency), safer food and a greener environment, better living standards in poorer regions, joint action on crime and terror, cheaper phone calls, millions of opportunities to study abroad ... and much more besides. To make these things happen, EU countries set up bodies to run the EU and adopt its legislation. The main ones are: *the European Parliament (representing the people of Europe); *the Council of the European Union (representing national governments); *the European Commission (representing the common EU interest). Unfortunately affiliation to European Union empade independence in country. The EU support its companios if it's necesarry. The main authorities The European Parliament is the only directly-elected body of the European Union
The House of Commons Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords. It consists of 650 elected members called Members of Parliament. The House of Commons was originally far less powerful than the House of Lords, but today its legislative powers greatly exceed those of the Lords. The full, formal style and title of the House of Commons is The Honourable the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled. Role The House of Commons main purpose is to make laws by passing Acts of Parliament, as well as to discuss current political issues
the EU and its member countries. European Union law is applied by the courts of member states and where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. European Union institutions The European Union is governed by seven(7) institutions. Article 13 of the Treaty on European Union lists them in the following order: 1) the European Parliament 2) the European Council 3) the Council of the European Union (simply called "Council") 4) the European Commission 5) the Court of Justice of the European Union 6) the European Central Bank 7) the Court of Auditors Most EU institutions were created with the establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in the 1950s. Much change since then has been in the context the shifting of the power balance away from the Council and towards the Parliament.
It must be considered not only whether law making powers are granted to elected persons, but also whether the balance of power between institutions within the European Union promotes the ideals of democracy. Firstly,the democratic nature of the European Union must be measured by the extent to which its institutions (particularly those with executive and legislative power) are elected bodies of persons. The European Union is governed by seven institutions; the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council of the European Union (the Council), the European Commission, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Central Bank and the Court of Auditors.The first four of these hold the executive and legislative power of the European Union. Of these four institutions, the only one directly elected is the European Parliament whose 736 members are elected every 5 years; each citizen in each member state having the right to vote
the monarch (currently Queen Elizabeth II), who remains politically impartial and with limited powers. The single most important fact in understanding the nature of the British political system is its fundamental continuity. Britain has not had a revolution of the kind experienced by so many other countries and Britain has not been invaded or occupied for almost 1,000 years. Westminster model The Palace of Westminster, also known as the Houses of Parliament, home to the UK Parliament = British Parliament = Westminster Parliament. Three constituent parts • The Queen-in-Parliament (or King-in-Parliament) – The House of Commons – The House of Lords – The Monarch • The evolution of the Westminster model of Parliament – transfer of authority from the Crown to Parliament – transfer of authority from the House of Lords to the House of Commons – the development of a system of responsible government – the gradual broadening of the right to vote into universal adult suffrage.
First of all the regime: Estonia is a democratic republic when the United Kingdom is constitutional monarchy. The head of state in Estonia is president who currently is Toomas-Hendrik Ilves and the head of state in United Kingdom is queen Elizabeth the second. Estonian president has a serving time of 5 years then in United Kingdom monarch rules the country till he or she dies, of course there are special occasions for that too. Second of all I want to talk about parliaments: Estonian parliament is unicameral and has 101 members and is elected for four years, when the British parliament is bicameral and has 1455 members currently and is elected for five years. Bicameral parliament means that there are two separate assemblies. There are quite a few minor differences that Iam not going to mention because otherwise it would take me much longer than two minutes to talk about them. Now i want to talk about similarities. I previously talked about parliaments and that leads me to the
Boleyn. 3. Why did Henry VIII get the title Fidei Defensor? The title was given to him by the pope because Henry VIII was against Protestantism and other religious reforms by J. Calvin and M. Luther. For that, the pope named Henry VIII the Fidei Defensor, meaning Defender of the Faith 4. Why did Mary I get the nickname Bloody Mary? Because during her reign, England became officially a Roman Catholic country, Parliament persecuted a lot of protestants and over 300 people who were burned at the stake. 5. Historians often speak about different ages or times in British history. When (in which centuries) were the following ages: Elizabethian, Georgian, Victorian. Characterise each of them (2 3 sentences). Elizabethian time started in the middle of 16th century and ended in the beginning of 17th century. During Elizabeth I reign, England became
Houses of Parliament Harrod's Nelson's column tower bridge NIMI .... Houses of Parliament The Houses of Parliament, otherwise known as The Palace of Westminster, stands on the site where Edward the Confessor had the original palace built in the first half of the 11th century. In 1547 the royal residence was moved to Whitehall Palace, but the Lords continued to meet at Westminster, while the commons met in St. Stephen's Chapel. Ever since these early times, the Palace of Westminster has been home to the English Parliament. Harrod's One of the world's most famous department stores, established in
state, but there was considerable conflict between the crown and the Covenanters over the form of church government. After the Glorious Revolution, the abolition of episcopacy and the overthrow of the Roman Catholic James VII by William and Mary, Scotland briefly threatened to select a different Protestant monarch from England. On 22 July 1706 the Treaty of Union was agreed between representatives of the Scots Parliament and the Parliament of England and the following year twin Acts of Union were passed by both parliaments to create the united Kingdom of Great Britain with effect from 1 May 1707. The deposed Jacobite Stuart claimants had remained popular in the Highlands and north-east, particularly amongst non- Presbyterians. However, two major Jacobite risings launched in 1715 and 1745 failed to remove the House of Hanover from the British throne
interests of the Community 27 Commissioners who will be appointed for a term of five years President of the European Commission Jean-Claude Juncker Estonian Commissioner Andrus Ansip Council of the European Union Location is Brussels (Belgium) Founded in 1958 At meetings of the Council ministers of EU Member States will meet with the aim of discussing, amending and adopting legislation and coordinating policies. discussions and voting European Parliament Location: Strasbourg (France), Brussels (Belgium), Luxembourg Founded in 1952 Tasks: legislative, supervisory and budgetary responsibilities 751 members will be elected for 5 years President: Antonio Tajani Parliament has three main roles: - Legislative - Supervision - Budgetary Parliament has two main stages: - Committees - drafting legislation. - Plenary sessions - adoption of legislation. Thank you for your attention
BRITISH POLITICS Helen Laine 12 A POLITICAL SYSTEM Democracy Constitutional monarchy Head of the state – Elizabeth II Actual power – Prime Minister Executive power - Her Majesty’s Government Legislative power – Parliament House of Commons and House of Lords Multi-party system MAIN PARTIES Two largest - the Conservative Party and the Labour Party Before labourers - The Liberal party Third largest – the Liberal Democrats Current: Conservative, Liberal Democrats ... Some other parties in UK: Democratic Unionist Party Scottish National Party Palace of Westminster UK Independence Party
From 1927 to 1929, he was a diplomat, serving as an envoy in Warsaw, when he made contacts with Polish politicians. In August 1930, Strandman hosted president Mošicki in Estonia. During the Soviet occupation in 1941, Strandman was ordered to show up to the NKVD (People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs) headquarters In conclusion, he had been in many parliaments like Estonian Provincial Assembly, Estonian Constituent Assembly, I parliament, II parliament, III parliament, IV parliament and V parliament. In 1936 he supported Juhan Kukk, Ants Piip, Jaan Teemant and Jaan Tõnisson, who signed a memorandum addressed to Prime Minister in duties of the State Elder Konstantin Päts. In 1938 Otto became a judge at the Permanent Court of International Justice in the Hague. In 1939, Strandman went back to Estonia and returned to his home in Kadrina. He wasn’t active in politics anymore. Strandman achieved a formal notice to arrive in NKVD, but he knew his fate and decided to shoot himself
☄ This led to The Civil War ☄ Victory for the parliamentary force ☄ The king (Charles I) was captured and became the first monarch in Europe to be executed after a formal trial for crimes against his people. 1649 Charles I is executed. For the first and only time, Britain briefly becomes a republic and is called the Common wealth. 1660 The monarchy and the Anglican religion are restored. ☾ The church was restored. However, the conflict between monarch and Parliament soon re-emerged ☾ Prince William and Mary became the king and the queen so this way it was established that a monarch could rule only with the support of Parliament. ☾ Bill of Rights, which limited some of the powers of the monarch 1666 The Great Fire of London destroys most of the city's old wooden buildings. It also destroys bubonic plague, which never reappears. Most of the city's finest churches,
Kerli Uue 10.r The Republic of Estonia Estonia is a democratic parliamentary republic divided into 15 counties. The capital and largest city is Tallinn. Estonia's neighbours are Latvia, Russia and Finland. The parliment is named ,,The Riigikogu." The Estonian parliament has 101 members and influences the governing of the state primarily by determining the income and the expenses of the state. The Riigikogu elects and appoints several high officials of the state, including the President of the Republic. The Parliament of Estonia is elected by people for a four year term by proportional representation. The Government of Estonia is formed by the Prime Minister of Estonia, nominated by the president and approved by the parliament
154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright 20. The Civil War - (16421651) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. The first (164246) and second (164849) civil wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third war (164951) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament. The Civil War ended with the Parliamentary victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651. 21. Oliver Cromwell. The Restauration Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 3 September 1658) was an English military and political leader best known in England for his involvement in making England into a republican
their continued support. French remained the language of the upper classes and administration until the 14th century. The power of these Norman Barons gradually increased and during the reign of the Plantagenets began the challenge the King's absolute power, which resulted in King John being forced to sign Magna Carta in 1215. It consisted of long list of limitations to the King's power and it gave more power to the origins of Parliament. The origins of Parliament are to be found in the reign of John's successor, Henry III. It was a meeting of the King and his Barons and servants at which various administrative and financial problems were discussed. In order to make it easier to put the decisions taken into practice, each Shire had to elect a number of knights to attend at these meetings at report the decisions to their Shires. Edward I continued this experiment and in 1295 called a parliament that became known as the Model Parliament
· Forced John to sign the Magna Charta in 1215 · Not even the King was above the law · No free man could be arrested without due process of law and a trial Edward I · Reigned 1272-1307 · Known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots · A strong king · Re-established royal authority over the nobles · Conquered Scotland and Wales · Remembered for his governmental reforms · The evolution of Parliament · Originally, parliament was any meeting of the king and his vassals to talk (parley), usually over taxes · Negotiating taxes with each town and shire was difficult · Called the Model Parliament in 1295 · Representatives from all three estates Parliament · Parliament became important for a couple of reasons: · England being an island enhanced its trade and the status of the middle class
1. The Queen’s official title. Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith. 2. The Queen’s working day. Starts after breakfast. Reads the newspapers which are prepared by the Press Secretary, and a report on the previous day’s proceedings in the Parliament and the letters she receives. Also phone calls. Once a month she attends the Privy Council in order to give Royal Assent to various items of government legislation. Discusses domestic matters with the Master of the Household. Towards the end of the day, there is always another pile of official papers and reports waiting to be read or acted upon. The business on constitutional monarchy never ends. 3. Who is the present heir to the throne
In plagues (in 1603; 16641665) thousands of people died. In 1642 civil war began between the king and parliament. In 1666 came the great fire of London. About 13,200 houses had been destroyed and 70 80,000 people had been made homeless. To prevent such a disaster happening again the king commanded that all new houses in London should be of stone and brick not wood. In 1834 Parliament was destroyed by fire. The new parliament included a great clock, which is now known as Big Ben. In the 19th century new museums were created in London such as the Victoria & Albert, the Science Museum and the Natural History Museum. The first doubledecker bus appeared in the streets of London as early as in 1904. After the two world wars, London went through a massive rebuilding. Several structures were built in London to mark the year 2000: the Millenium Dome, Millenium bridge, London Eye etc.
Summer Olympic Games. Many visitors come to see the famous sights, museums and galleries; others come for the shopping. The famous sopping street is Oxford Street. It is the most famous street in London where you can buy souvenirs, clothes, and so on. Today Harrods's is among the world`s best known shops. The famous sights in London are British Airways London Eye, the Westminster Abbey, The Tower of London, St Paul`s Cathedral, The Houses of Parliament, Shakespeare`s Globe, Buckingham Palace, Piccadilly Circus, Trafalgar Square and so on. British Airways London Eye was built to celebrate the Millennium. It is the worlds largest and tallest observation wheel. You can get gorgeous views from it. It is perfect way to see city`s exciting architecture and landscape. The Westminster Abbey is one of the oldest buildings of London were many famous people are berried. The Westminster Abbey in known as The British Pantheon to.
creating an association between the European Economic Community and Turkey. In 1965 in Brussels was signed a treaty which combined European Coal and Steel Community, European Atomic Energy Community and the European Economic Community into a single institution. In 1968 a common tariff is intorduced due to the fact, that industrial goods are abolished and in the next year the leaders decide to open a way for European enlargement. In 1970 greater powers are given to the European Parliament, in 1973 Denmark, Ireland and the UK join the European Communities. In 1974 the members start to meet as the European Council three times a year. The next year EEC signes a treaty with 46 African, Caribbean and Pacific countries and greater power is given to European Parliament. In 1979 the first direct elections to the European Parliament took place. Two years later Greek joins European Communities (now there were 10 members). In 1985 the Schengen Agreement is signed to abolish border
There are now only 40000 full aborigines in the country. The Commonwealth of Australia is a self-governing federal state. Formally the head of the state is the King or Queen of England represented by the Governor-General. The Commonwealth of Australia consists of six states and two territories: the Federal Capital Territory and the Northern Territory. The Capital Territory is the land around the Federal Capital, Canberra. Australia has a parliament in each state and the Federal Parliament of the Commonwealth at Canberra. The Federal Parliament consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The federal government of the country is headed by the Prime Minister, usually the leader of the party which has the majority. What is Australia Famous for? Australia is famous for their beaches. Many surfers from all over the world go there to just to ride the huge waves. It is also famous for their barbecues. Throw another shrimp on http://www.ask
Marko Pomerants Marko Pomerants was born in 24.09.1964,in Tamsalu,in West-Virumaa. Personal status: Married,two sons Estonian Military monumental- medal "10 years of recovered military " 2001 Border Guard badge "Sword and Lynx" 2002 Lifesaving service goldencros s 2002 Border Guard favourcros s II class 2000 Tamsalu Secondary School 1982 Tartu University, Geology 1989; open management degree 2002 Party:Isamaa and Res Publica Union 2002 Room L 149 Jobs: Parliament 2007 Parliament 20052007; Minister of Social Affairs of Estonia 2003-2005 West-Viru county governor 19952003 West-Viru county goverment elementchapter's leader Funniest speaking. Estonian Parliament's member Marko Pomerants (IRl) performs preposal that in case of republic's jubileeyear should estonians take down 900 000kg together. Creational Activity: articles in Estonian journalism, in newspaper "Postimees" Activitys: volleyball,nature and family. ...
of Normandy, was crowned the king onf England(william the conqueror) o In 1086 the domesday book was completed- a complete catalogue of who owned what in the country o The french language became dominant o The normans imposed a strict feudal system (anglo-saxons were the peasants who were under the norman nobles and barons) o Built castles, cathedrals Three facts about the history of parliament It was in the medieval period that Parliament began its gradual evolution into the democratic body which it is today. The word 'parliament', which comes from the French word parler (to speak), was first used in England in the thirteenth century to describe an assembly of nobles called together by the king. It was divided into two houses during the reign of Henry VII: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The class system
Political factors Estonia is a parliamentary representative democratic republic in which the Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government and which includes a multy-party system. The current Estonian Prime Minister is Taavi Rõivas, who is the former Minister of Social Affairs and the head of the Estonian Reform Party. The Government of the Republic of Estonia, also known as the cabinet, carries out the country’s domestic and foreign policy, shaped by parliament. It directs and coordinates the work of government institutions and bears full responsibility for everything occuring within the authority of executive power. The government thus represents the political leadership of the country and makes decisions in the name of the whole executive power. Riigikogu or the Parliament is the single-chamber parliament of Estonia. The Parliament of Estonia is elected by people for a four-year term by proportional representation. The Estonian
Parliament. · The monarch, at present Queen Elizabeth II, is the Head of State (the official ruler of the country). she has reigned since 6 February 1952. 3) · The British Sovereign can be seen as having two roles: Head of State, and 'Head of the Nation'. · As Head of State, The Queen undertakes constitutional and representational duties · There are inward duties, with The Queen playing a part in State functions in Britain. Parliament must be opened, Orders in Council have to be approved, Acts of Parliament must be signed, and meetings with the Prime Minister must be held. · There are also outward duties of State, when The Queen represents Britain to the rest of the world. For example, the Queen makes State visits overseas to other countries, in support of diplomatic and economic relations. · As 'Head of Nation', The Queen's role is less formal, but no less important for the social and cultural functions it fulfils.
LONDON LONDON Largest city in western Europe Dominates Britain Headquarters of all goverment departments the country´s parliament major legal institutions the monarch Bussiness and banking centres, the national television networks and newspapers Seven times larger Fifth of the total population TWO AREAS Walled City (the square mile) Small Did not contain Parliament or the royal court Traders and merchants Westminster Outside London´s walls National institutions meeting place WEST END AND EAST END West End Theatres, cinemas, expensive shops East End Poorer residental area Home to successive waves of immigrant groups LONDON “Londoners“ live in its suburbs Travel to work each day Cultural and racial variety greatest 300 languages spoken
of human history. Access to the collections is completely free. The London Museum is also a nice museum and is worth visiting. It represents half a million years of history and over seven million modern Londoners. There are about 1.1 million objects in the museum. The main museum galleries are free admission. The central part of London is the City. There are many famous historical buildings in the City. The Houses of Parliament are one of them. It was constructed from 1840 until 1888. From 1875 the parliament meetings take place there. There are 1100 rooms, and 3.2 km of corridors. The Houses of Parliament consists of two parts the house of the lords and the house of the commons. The clock tower Big Ben is a part of the houses of parliament. Big Ben is one of London's best-known landmarks, and looks most spectacular at night when the clock faces are illuminated. You even know
Flag- Cross of St Andrew; Anthem- Flower of Scotland; Official animal - Unicorn 24. Longer discussion point London: write as much as you know, its history, sights, its importance, how and why travel there, your personal views, etc. Capital of th eUK, also the capital of England. London is the biggest city in Britain and in Europe.From Estonia the easiest and. the fastest way to travel there woulb be by plane. Sights are Big Ben, House of parliament, the tower, tower bridge, buckingham palace.. London was the first city in the world to have an underground railway, known as the 'Tube'. is the business and financial heart of the United Kingdom. It was the original Roman settlement (ancient Londinium),.Also Buckingham Palace, the official London residence of the Queen and the Royal family are located there too. 25
Paul's Cathedral The Georgian era (1714-1830) The premier city of the Western John Nash an architect World The Bank of England 1694 Victorian era (1837-1901) London became the Metropolis it is today The Houses of Parliament 1834 Development of industry and public transport The Second World War (1939- Devastating effect but London 1945) remains a centre for fashion, culture and artistic achievement. 1. In ex. 2 at page 19 you have to read and translate the words from the text and divide them into 4 groups according to their word-stress.
Kingdom. o It’s situated in the South East of England with population of 14 million people. HISTORY oLondon is one of the oldest cities in the world, and it was founded by the Romans in 40 A.D. and called Londinium. CLIMATE • London has a temperate marine climate like much of the British Isles, so the city rarely sees extremely high or low temperatures. THINGS TO SEE o THE TOWER OF LONDON o THE LONDON EYE o TOWER BRIDGE o BIG BEN o THE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT 1 o ST JAMES’S PARK THE TOWER OF LONDON THE LONDON EYE TOWER BRIDGE BIG BEN, THE HOUSE PARLIAMENT 1 AND FAMOUS RED DOUBLE DECKER BUS ST JAMES’S PARK THINGS TO DO IN LONDON You can: o Cross the Thames in a cable car o See a world-class classical concert o See the best dance in town o See a movie under the stars o Tour the Royal Opera House o Dance till dawn at Fabric o Drink spritz on the top of a car park TH AN K YO U
Mysteries and mirscles, morality plays, etc. Who were the actors? Where were thet performed? Subject? 7. Shakespeare and his three periods. Sonnets, R/J etc. 8. Hamlet's soliloqui. Civil War and Restoration (1642-1702) James I died in 1625 and his successor was Charles I, a king even more foolish and arrogant than dear old Jamesy. He was in constant conflict with Parliament, which he was financed by. At one point he even dissolved the Parliament, however, he was soon forced to reassemble it. In 1628 the king was orced to agree to the Petition of Rights, which gave inancial power to the Parliament. In 1637 he enraged the Puritans by appointing their enemy as the Archbishop o canterbury. In 1638 he aced the rebel Scottish army. As a result he had no support from Parliament, had an inexperienced army and had to accept
Today Canada is the home of over a million Aboriginal people. They came to Canada about 25 000 years ago. First Europeans came to Canada about 1000 years ago. The first Europeans in Canada were the Vikings. The population of Canada is about 33 million. Canada has two official languages: English and French. About 65% of Canadians speak only English and about 20% of them speak only French. English and French have equal status in federal courts, Parliament, and in all federal institutions. The public has the right to receive federal government services in either English or French. About 77% of the Canadians live in cities or towns. Montreal and Toronto are the two largest cities in Canada. Toronto has more than 3 million people and is Canada's business centre. It's also famous for its skyscrapers. In general Toronto is the cleanest and safest city in Canada. The city is also well-known for its three famous universities. Montreal is a
This period was also marked by an English policy of plantation which led to the arrival of thousands of English and Scottish Protestant settlers. As the military and political defeat of Gaelic Ireland became more clear in the early seventeenth century, the role of religion as a new division in Ireland became more pronounced. From this period on, sectarian conflict became a recurrent theme in Irish history. The overthrow, in 1613, of the Catholic majority in the Irish parliament was realised principally through the creation of numerous new boroughs, all of which were Protestant-dominated. By the end of the seventeenth century all Catholics, representing some 85% of Ireland's population then, were banned from the Irish parliament. Political power rested entirely in the hands of a British settler-colonial, and more specifically Anglican, minority while the Catholic population suffered severe political and economic privations. In
the wonderful feeling of strolling the streets and landmarks. Take the following questions with you, find answers to them and put them down for yourself in this MSWord document. Don't forget to "take" photos - you are supposed to recognise the landmarks later on! At the end of the tour send the worksheet to yourself so that you could use it again. Good luck with exploring the city! DAY 2. The route: Westminster Abbey The Houses of Parliament London Eye 10 Downing Street St Paul's Cathedral The Tower of London Tower Bridge Globe Theatre Greenwich Observatory Destination 1: Westminster Abbey When was Westminster Abbey founded? (see its homepage: http://www.westminster-abbey.org/home ) 960 When was the last royal wedding held in Westminster Abbey? Whose was it? 29 April 2011 Prince William and MissCatherine Middleton How many monarchs have been buried in Westminster Abbey? 17
President of Estonia Kadi Hõim Form 10 The President of the Republic (in Estonian: Eesti Vabariigi President) is the head of state of the Republic of Estonia. Estonia is a parliamentary republic, therefore President is mainly a symbolic figure and holds no executive power. Presidential Flag of Estonia The President is elected by the Parliament or a special electoral body for a five-year term. The electoral body is convened in case no candidate secures a two-third-majority in Parliament after three rounds of balloting. The President can not be elected for more than two consecutive terms. History Estonia didn't have a president from 1918 to 1938. This institution was intentionally left out of the first Estonian constitution, for its authors tried to
Henry II - added Ireland the British possessions John I - signed Magna Carta, the beginigs of the British constitution Edward I - conquered Wales Edward III - started 100 years war Henry V - Last great warrior king Henry VIII - Broke England away from Catholic church. Elizabeth I - laid the seeds of the British Empire, and tons of other stuff James I - Was King James VI of Scotland, inherited throne from Elizabeth I, united England and Scotland Charles I - Overthrown by Parliament and executed. Replaced by a republic Charles II - son of above, put on throne after republic turned out to be a really bad idea. Last monarch to have an independent income. After him, Parliament held tight control on monarch's money. William III and Mary II - Only husband and wife to rule equally. Signers for the Bill of Rights. George I - first King to have Prime Minister run things George III - King during American revolution. Blamed for everything, actually all Parliaments fault
The kign of England, his father died when he was 9, minority council governed in the name of his He took teh trone in 1232. He lost several domains, faced opposition bc he had foreign councellors. When Henry agreed to finance Sivily´s conquest and meet teh pope´s debts, the barons took over the power and rebelled under Simon de Montfort. He was buried in teh Westminster Abbey that he had rebuilt in Gothic style Simon de Montfort´s Parliament 1265 The powerful member of the the community, earlof Leicester husband of the king´s sister Summoned a parliament of his own 1265, first steps to democracy 2 burgesses from every town and 2 knights form every shire Insisted on represantatives elected, ultimately failed Had sown the seed of what would beome The House of Commons Model Parliament 1296 Summoning representatives from Commons to Parliament
· Puritaanid lahkuvad Uus-Inglismaale Charles I vastasseis parlamendiga · 1628.a. koostas parlament Õiguste petitsiooni valitseja võimu piiramiseks. · Sotimaal puhkeb mäss katsete vastu kehtestada seal anglikaani kirik. Vaja erakorraliste maksude kogumist, seega vaja parlament kokku kutsuda. Saadab 3 nädala pärast laiali (Short Parliament). Samal aastal (1928) on Charles I sunnitud parlamendi uuesti kokku kutsuma. See parlament ei lähe enam laiali (kestis 13 aastat), Long Parliament. Pilt: Charles I Kodusõda Parlament jaguneb kaheks: kuninga pooldajad e. kavalerid ja parlamendim pooldajad e. ümarpead. · Parlamendi armee tuumiku moodustavad usulised äärmuslased, independendid, kes saavutavad Cromwelli juhtimisel edu. · Charles I vangistatakse ja hukatakse 1649.a. Sellega lõppeb kodusõda. Cromwelli diktatuur · Inglismaa on sisuliselt vabariik · Sõjakäik Sotimaa vastu, Soti kuningriik likvideeritakse ja ühendatakse
and by this time has changed very many things. Honourable audience, I would like to talk about challenges of the 21st century. If we talk about Estonia then in my opinion our first challenge of the 21st century is to stop exodus. But to solve this problem we should ask why is the exodus so high? Answer is simple: salary, unemployment, salary. Very many things depend on incomes, so we head away from our country to find a better place where salarys are higher. For me it seems like our parliament wants to help all other countrys, for example Greece, or reckon with somebody else before help ourselves. To my way of thinking parliament should take care of our county number one and then think out how we can and should help others. The second aspect is economic crisis. This problem comprises all the world not only Estonia. Again, I get back to Greece. Many countrys give money to help them, but still they are in the red
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