Digital Signal Processing Summary and Vocabulary Guide to Digital Signal Processing by Steven W. Smith. Read up to page 10, preface included. https://users.dimi.uniud.it/~antonio.dangelo/MMS/materials/Guide_to_Digital_ Signal_Process.pdf Digital Signal Processing (DSP) is a powerful technology that will shape science in the twenty-first century. Changes have already been made in various fields of study: communications, medical imaging, and high fidelity music reproduction, to name just a few. Each of these disciplines has developed a deep DSP technology, with its own algorithms and specialized techniques. This combination of breadth and depth makes it impossible for any one individual to master all of the DSP technology that has been developed
Question 1 Define the following ADC terms: 1. SNR – (Signal to Noise Ratio) SNR is a calculated value that represents the ratio of RMS signal to RMS noise. 2. SINAD - (signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio) Ratio of the RMS signal amplitude to the mean value of the root-sum-square (RSS) 3. ENOB – (effective number of bits) The effective number-of-bits and relates to SINAD 4. THD - (total harmonic distortion) Ratio of the rms value of the fundamental signal to the mean value of the RSS of its harmonics. 5. SFDR - (spurious free dynamic range) Ratio of the RMS value of the signal to the RMS value of the worst spurious signal. 6
Question 1 (in wiki and in terminologies) 1. SNR is a calculated value that represents the ratio of root- mean-square (rms ) signal to rms noise. 2. SINAD stands for Signal-to-noise and distortion ratio. It is a measure of the quality of a signal from a communications device, often defined as: where is the average power of the signal, noise and distortion components. SINAD is usually expressed in dB. For examples to calculate the ratio of 1 kW (one kilowatt, or 1000 watts) to 1 W in decibels, use the formula 3. ENOB is the effective number-of-bits related to SINAD and the quality of a digitized signal. The 6.02 term in the divisor converts decibels (a log10) to bits (a log2) The 1.76 term comes from quantization error in an ideal ADC
Present Simple (lihtolevik) Infinitive + He/she/it+-s Signal words: Every day, sometimes, always, often, usually, never + I work. He works. I go. He goes. - I don't work. He doesn't work. I don't go. He doesn't go. ? Do I work? Does he work? Do I go? Does he go? Present Continuous (kestev olevik) To be (am/are/is) + infinitive + -ing Signal words: now, at the moment, look!, listen! + I'm working. He's working. I'm going. He's going. - I'm not working. He isn't working. I'm not going. He isn't going. ? Am I working? Is he working? Am I going? Is he going? Present Perfect (täisolevik) Have/has+ infinitive + -ed / 3rd IRW Signal words: yet, never, ever, already, so far, since, for, recently + I have worked. He has worked. I have gone. He has gone. - I haven't worked. He hasn't worked. I haven't gone. He hasn't gone. ? Have I worked? Has he worked? Have I gone? Has he gone? Past Simple (lihtminevik) Infinitive+ -ed (/ 2nd IRW) Signal ...
(3rd person singular: infinitive + 's') I speak I am speaking you speak you are speaking he / she / it speaks he / she / it is speaking we speak we are speaking they speak they are speaking Signal words: always, every, often, normally, usually, Signal words: at the moment, at this moment, today, sometimes, seldom, never, first, then now, right now, Listen!, Look! Rules · in general (regularly, often, never) · right now ex. Colin plays football every Tuesday. ex. Look! Colin is playing football now. · present actions happening one after another · also for several actions happening at the same ex
Week 4 homework. Question 1: 1. SNR – Ratio of root mean square signal to root mean square. 2. SINAD – Ratio of the RMS signal amplitude to the mean of value of the root sum square. 3. ENOB – The effective number of bits and relates to SINAD. 4. THD – Ratio of the rms value of the fundamental signal to the mean value of RSS of its harmonics. 5. SFDR – Ratio of the RMS value of the signal to the RMS value of the worst spurious signal. 6. Channels – multiple analog signal inputs to the ADC that can be individually selected or selected through a multiplexor. 7. Linearity – Describes how an ADC conveter follows a linear function. 8. Operating temperature – A temperature at which the ADC functions optimally, usually given by the manufacturer. 9. Power dissipation – The proportion of power dissipated (through heat) when the ADC is working. Question 2: An 8 bit ADC has a reference voltage of 5V. What is the digital output code word for an input of 1.2V
Microcontroller homework for week 04 1. SNR - Ratio of RMS signal to RMS SINAD - Ratio of the RMS signal amplitude to the mean value of the root-sum-square (RSS) ENOB - The effective number-of-bits and relates to SINAD THD - Ratio of the rms value of the fundamental signal to the mean value of the RSS of its harmonics. SFDR - Ratio of the RMS value of the signal to the RMS value of the worst spurious signal. Channels related to the inputs of the ADC can either be multiplexed or individually selected. Linearity relates to how a ADC follows a linear function. All ADCs are to a certain extend non-linearity. Temperature is measurement, which in optimal state for ADC-s, lets them function correctly. Power dissipation refers to the amount power dissipated when the ADC is operating. 2. The output code is 001111012 and the voltage of the LSB is 0,0195V 3
PRESENT SIMPLE (lihtolevik) Form: 1st form (+s) Use: 1. Things in general. Nurses look after patients in hospitals. 2. Things that happen all the time or repeatedly. She usually goes away at weekends. 3. Laws of nature (things that are true in general). The sun rises in the east. 4. Timetable events. The train leaves at 6.50 p.m. Negative form: I don't (do not) normally eat my lunch here. He doesn't (does not) like this film at all. Question form: Do you live here? How often does it rain around here? Signal words: always, every day/month, never, normally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually etc. PRESENT CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE (kestev olevik) Form: am/is/are + ing Use: 1. Unfinished actions happening at or around the time of speaking. Listen! Somebody is crying. They are building a new bridge in our town....
Joonis 4. Ülimusliku sisselülitamisega käivitusseade (RS- Triger) · Ülimusliku väljalülitamisega kui korraga vajutada nii mootori käivitus- (S1) kui ka stoppnuppu (S2), siis kontaktor K2 ei rakendu ja mootor seiskub (joonis 5). Joonis 5. Ülimusliku väljalülitamisega käivitusseade (SR-Triger) Näidised praktikumist Skeem 1 Väljundsignaali saamiseks peab olema sisend signal antud kas, sisendites I124.0, 124.1 ja 124.2, või sisendites I124.3 ja 123.4, või I124.5. Sel juhul väljund Q124.0 = 1 Skeem 1.2 Skeem 2 Väljund signaali saamiseks peab olema sisen signal antud sisendis I124.5, ühes järgnevates: I124.0; 124.1; 124.2. ja signaal peab olema samuti antud ka vastavalt ühes sisendis I124.3 või 124.4. Sellisel juhul väljund Q124.0 = 1 Skeem 2.2 Skeem 3 Kui sisendisse I32.1 tuleb signal siis väljund Q32
alternating current into direct voltage or direct current. It is also applied in detectors, which find the signals in the noisy operation conditions. The third application is in switching circuits because an ideal rectifier acts like a perfect conductor when forward biased and lik a perfect insulator when reverse biased. 7) A power diode is more complicated in structure and operational characteristics than the small signal diode. The forward bias characteristic of the power diode is approximately linear, which means that the voltage drop is proportional to the omic resistance and to the current. The rated currents of power diodes are thousands of amperes and the area of the pn junction may be tens of square centimeters. In the case of power diode, the additional n- layer exists between these two layers, which is termed as a drift region. This layer can be quitewide for the diode. The wide lightly doped
CATS - COMMUNICATION · Cat communication is the range of methods by which cats communicate with other cats, humans and other animals. · Communication methods include postures, movement, auditory and chemical signals. Meowing · A meow is a sound used by cats to signal a request to their mother or owner. When communicating with human beings, adult cats express variations of this tone to demand food or attention, register complaints, and convey bewilderment. An alteration in tone, pace, or punctuation changes the meaning, however slight. Purring · A purr is a sound made by most species of felids, but most large felines like tigers do not. A tonal buzzing can characterize differently between cats.
Side 6 labor – Mobiilside kärgvõrk aruanne Töötegija nimi: ************ Töö tegemise kuupäev: Wed Det 14.12.2016 Andmete analüüs mobiilterminalis Joonis 1 Tugijaama kuvatud informatsioon LTE: 2031-257071628-457 (+/-10m) (4G leviala) Kordinaadid: 59.3071150, 24.4005350 Võimsusmõõturi andmed (vasakpoolne) RSRP (Reference Signal Received): dBm -97 Viide signaalile vastava jõu jaoks. RSRP on RSSI tüübi mõõtmine, sellele on teatavaid definitsioone ja detaile. Teisisõnu RSRP defineeritakse kui tagavara elementide kaasabi lineaarset keskmist, mis kannab toiteelemendile omast võrde signaali arvestatud signaali laineala mõõtmise sees, seega RSRP mõõdetakse ainult sümbolites mis kannavad RS'i. -97 RSRP (dBm) näitab signaali keskmist laineala. RSSNR (Signal-To-Noise Ratio): dB 30.0
LCP Frame types detected -> remove `0' prior to input into SIPO normally FCS data (prior EOF) subjected to same bit obtain bit synchronization. 3. scheme: bit-encoding violations ( also used w/ SAPs are 7b: shortage -> SNAP above LLC stuffing LANs) · 1.5 bit manchester (3 signal pulses) -> no transition in 1st bit · no signal Typical network protocol evolution: · extend one protocol by O Asynchronous Transmission Independent transmit & receive clocks. receiver explicitly transition -> illegal manchester code J: signal level remains same as previous for tacking on parts (in this caseanother protocol)
Liikumisandurid I4 Sulguvad kontaktid 2 Surveandurid I5 Sulguvad kontaktid 3 Uste avamisel käivitub ohusignaal viivitusega. Viivitus sekundites on 20 s. Sulguvate kontaktidega andurid tuleb asendada VÕI (OR) loogikaelemendiga, avanevate kontaktiga andurid siis on vaja asendada JA (AND) elemendiga. JA elemendi järgi on vaja panna EI (NOT) elemendi, sest püsireziimil avanevate kontaktidega anduri väljundil on signal 1. Tuleb teha sellest 0. Uste avamisel käivitub ohusignaal viivitusega 20 sekundit. Viivituse saamiseks on vaja DELAY- relee. Selle relee tööpõhimõtte on kui sisendil on olemas signal 1, siis käivitub kell mis sisse lülitab ohusignaali 20 sekundi hilinemisega. Kus on Network 1 põhiprogramm, Network 2 alamprogramm taimeriga T37 tüüpi (sammuga 100ms).Viivituse suurust saame 20s = 20000ms 20000/100 = 200. Programmis ei ole väljundit Q2.0 sest väljundil Q1
Tallinna Tehnikaülikool Raadio- ja sidetehnikainstituut Mikrolainetehnika õppetool Isesisev töö nr.1 õppeaines ,,Sideseadmete mudeldamine" Ionosfäärse sidekanali mudeldamine Töö koostaja: Aet Udusaar 030740 IATM Tallinn 2007 Töö eesmärk. Analüüsida ionosfäärset levi maakera kahe punkti vahel, tutvuda ionosfäärse side eripärade ja mudeldamise programmiga VOACAP. Analüüsitavad punktid: A: Madrid, Hispaania koordinaadid 40.24.N, 03.41W. B: Tallinn, Eesti koordinaadid 59.25N, 24.45E. Sagedus: F=9MHz Töö käik. 1. Käivitasin programmi VOACAP ja sisestasin andmed. Joonis 1. Andmetega peaaken 2. Signaal-müra suhte sõltuvus sagedusest ja kellaajast. Joonis 2. Signaal-müra suhte sõltuvus sagedusest ja kellaaj...
Side 6 labor – Mobiilside kärgvõrk aruanne Töötegija nimi: ************ Töö tegemise kuupäev: Wed Det 14.12.2016 Andmete analüüs mobiilterminalis Tugijaama kuvatud informatsioon LTE: 2031-257135115--1 Kordiinaadid: 59.3369290, 24.6282260 Võimsusmõõturi andmed RSRP (Reference Signal Received): dBm -87 Viide signaalile vastava jõu jaoks. RSRP on RSSI tüübi mõõtmine, sellele on teatavaid definitsioone ja detaile. Teisisõnu RSRP defineeritakse kui tagavara elementide kaasabi lineaarset keskmist, mis kannab toiteelemendile omast võrde signaali arvestatud signaali laineala mõõtmise sees, seega RSRP mõõdetakse ainult sümbolites mis kannavad RS'i. RSRP (dBm) näitab signaali keskmist laineala. RSSNR (Signal-To-Noise Ratio): dB 0.9
3G puhul: MCC, LAC, RNS, RSSI, MNC, UCID, CID, ASU, PSC, Power 4G puhul: MCC, TAC, enB, RSRP, RSRQ, CQI, MNC, ECI, LCID, ASU, RSSNR, TA, Band, PCI, NID, Power Naabertugijaamade kohta: 3G puhul: MCC, RNS, RXLEV MNC, CID, ASU, Power 4G puhul: RSRP, RSRQ, ASU, RSSNR, Band, PCI, NID, Power Küsimus 6.RAW: Tugijaama signaali esitab see mõõtetarkvara nelja erineva parameetriga RSSI, ASU, RXLEV, Power. Selgitada nende parameetrite tähendust ja seoseid nende vahel. RSSI - Received Signal Strength Indicator, näitab kogu vastuvõetud signaali keskmist võimsust dBm ühikutes. ASU - Arbitrary Strength Unit, täisarvuline väärtus, mis on proportsionaalne vastuvõetud signaali tugevusega. RXLEV - Received Signal Level, näitab keskmist vastuvõetud signaali võimsust. Power - Signaali võimsus vattides (tihti pikovattides) 3.3. PLOT (4G vasak pilt, 3G parem pilt) Küsimus 7.PLOT: Millise vastuvõetud signaalitugevuse väärtuse korral vahetatakse teenindavat tugijaama
for varying loads and still offset error. Integral accumulation of errors; long-term control parameter; pushes the output towards the setpoint if PID control settled at offset from setpoint. 2. Three delays that occur when a heater is used to increase the temperature of a metal block: · The time it takes for the heater to respond to a control change. The temperature of the heater does not change instantly just because thecontrol signal to it did. · The time it takes the heat to be transferred to the load. · The time it takes the thermistor to respond to changes in the load temperature. 3. Using Matlab: a. Proportional gain must be decreased b. Integral gain must be increased c. Derivative gain must be decreased 4. I presenting for II presenting for III presenting for
passenger seat or other seat with airbags. Children should generally be 12 and older when sitting in the front passenger seat.6 6 Keep your car and its accessories in good condition. Keep the tires properly inflated, the brakes adjusted, and the windshields and windows clean. Replace windshield wiper blades when they begin to streak, and all make sure all the lights are working properly. 7 7 Use your signals properly. Always use your signal, even if you think no one is there. When changing lanes on the freeway, don't signal as an afterthought or during the lane change. Signal at least a couple of seconds in advance so others know what you're going to do before you do it. (Ever notice how most of the skid marks along the highway are just before an exit ramp? - this is where you have to be the most careful.)8 8 Don't tailgate
Signed on märgiga arv ja unsigned märgita arv, signed puhul näitab esimene bitt märki, 1 on – ja 0 on +. 48. Mida tähendab VHDLi kood: x <= a & b;? a-le lisatakse järgi b ja selle tehte tulemus omistatakse X-ile. 49. Nimeta kaks moodust VHDLis konverteerimise kasutamiseks? to_signed(S), signed(S); 50. Missugused operaatorid (tehtemärgid) on VHDLis kasutatavad? Nimetage vähemalt 5 And, or, not, +, - 51. Olgu meil: SIGNAL d : STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (7 DOWNTO 0); Mis väärtused on: d'LOW, d'HIGH, d'LEFT, d'RIGHT, d'LENGTH, d'RANGE=( ), d'REVERSE_RANGE=( )? d’LOW – tagastab madalaima massiivi indeksi d’HIGH – tagastab kõrgeima massiivi indeksi d’LEFT – tagastab vasakpoolseima massiivi indeksi d’RIGHT – tagastab parempoolseima -,,- d’LENGTH – tagastab massiivi pikkuse d’RANGE – tagastab massiivi ulatuse d’REVERSE_RANGE – ulatus vastupidises järjekorras 52
TALLINNA TEHNIKAÜLIKOOL Raadio- ja sidetehnika instituut Telekommunikatsiooni mõõtesüsteeid ARUANNE PC Ostsilloskoop Täitja(d) Jekaterina Brõtsejeva 083933IATB Juhendaja Ivo Müürsepp Töö tehtud 02.04.2012 (kuupäev) Aruanne esitatud ............................................... (kuupäev) Aruanne tagastatud ............................................ (kuupäev) Aruanne kaitstud .............................................. (kuupäev) ...................................... ...
y4 <= not( ((not x2) and x3 and x4) or (x1 and (not x3)) or (x2 and (not x4)) ); end architecture espresso; Testpink ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- IAY0150 - Homework #1. Test bench ------------------------------------------------------------------------ library IEEE; use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all; entity test is end entity test; library IEEE; use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all; architecture bench of test is signal x1, x2, x3, x4: std_logic; signal y1a, y1b, y1c, y2a, y2b, y2c: std_logic; signal y3a, y3b, y3c, y4a, y4b, y4c: std_logic; signal y1x, y2x, y3x, y4x: std_logic; component f_system port ( x1, x2, x3, x4: in std_logic; y1, y2, y3, y4: out std_logic ); end component; for U1: f_system use entity work.f_system(tabel); for U2: f_system use entity work.f_system(espresso); for U3: f_system use entity work.f_system(opti); function compare_signals (s1, s2, s3: std_logic) return std_logic is begin
It shows that she went to site fifty- seven. They lose the picture from her helmet but Foaly says that they still have the sound. Root can hear a human voice asking Holly to surrender and talking about the secret ritual. Foaly and Root go back to the camera feed and go through it slowly, seeing in slow motion a hypodermic dart fly through the air. They realize that Holly is missing in action, probably dead. They had a locator which had a very strong signal moving to north. They had blueprints. Blueprints helped to see what´s inside the ship. Artemis hid Holly´s locator into ship. Root didn´t know that and followed signal. The ship was like a trap. Root searched the ship until he found a room. In that room, there was Artemis. Artemis talked to Root through speakers and told that he is Artemis the second and he is very dangerous and everybody should keep away from him. In the corner of that room was a bomb. Root escaped to base.
called make-before-break. The interval, during which the two connections are used in parallel, may be brief or substantial. For this reason the soft handover is perceived by network engineers as a state of the call, rather than a brief event. Soft handovers may involve using connections to more than two cells: connections to three, four or more cells can be maintained by one phone at the same time. When a call is in a state of soft handover, the signal of the best of all used channels can be used for the call at a given moment or all the signals can be combined to produce a clearer copy of the signal. The latter is more advantageous, and when such combining is performed both in the downlink (forward link) and the uplink (reverse link) the handover is termed as softer. Softer handovers are possible when the cells involved in the handovers have a single cell site. (umts – 3g, gsm – 2g) UMTS-is:
TALLINNA TEHNIKAÜLIKOOL Raadio- ja sidetehnika instituut IRT3930, Side Õppeaine................................................................................................................ /kood, nimetus/ RS-liides ja aeglased modemid Laboratoorse töö.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... /töö nimetus/ Aruanne Eero Ringmäe Täitja.................................................
TALLINNA TEHNIKAÜLIKOOL Raadio- ja sidetehnika instituut Õppeaine: Side IRT3930 Laboratoorse töö: RS-liides ja aeglased modemid Aruanne Täitjad: Ahto Pärisalu 061956IATB Tanel Sarri 062382IATB Imre Tuvi 061968IATB Esitaja: Imre Tuvi 061968IATB Juhendaja: Aimur Raja Töö sooritatud: 24.10.2007 Aruanne esitatud: 17.11.2007 Aruanne tagastatud: ...........2007 Aruanne kaitstud: .............2007 1. Järjestikliidese RS-232C andmeülekande parameetrid ja ühenduste skeem klemmplaadil. Parameetrid: Port: COM2 Baud rate: 300 boodi Data: 7 bit Parity: even Stop: 2 bit Flow Control: none Transmit delay: 0 Ühenduste skeem 2. Signaalide RD ja TD skitseeritud ostsillogrammid kohaliku klaviatuur- ekraan andmevahetuse korral. Näidata ära edastatud bitijada vastavus saadud ostsillogrammidele. Joonisel on üks i. Joon...
observable(). It is important because it is observable to others. Emotions: Refers to states such as happiness, depression & anxiety & milder moods such as feeling of pleasure & displeasure ( ), degrees of excitement or drowsiness etc. A `Emotional cue' is a facial expression, body movement or tone of voice indicative of emotion. Head Gestures The Head Nod : A nod depicts a positive signal & a `head- shake' signifies `no' or a negative gesture. Head nods show continuing attention , it also depicts () what is happening to us emotionally. Heads tilt ( ) is a signal of interest. General Characteristics Expressions: Facial expressions are highly flexible and changeable. The face can encode() a variety of communicative and informative messages. 8 Raise of eyebrows express astonishment.( ) 8 We frown in displeasure or confusion. ( )
tagada tõhus diiselmootor operatsiooni. The EDC replaces the mechanical control governor with an electro-magnetic control device. EDC asendab mehaanilist kontrolli kuberner koos elektromagnetilise juhtseadmega. EDC on jagatud need peamised komponentide rühmade osas. · Electronic sensors for registering operating conditions and changes. Electronic andurid registreerimise käitamistingimuste ja muudatusi. A wide array of physical inputs is converted into electrical signal outputs. Mitmekesised füüsilise sisendite muundub elektrilise signaali väljundid. · Actuators or solenoids which convert the control unit's electrical output signal into mechanical control movement. Actuators või solenoidid , mis muudavad kontrolli üksuse elektri-väljundsignaali mehaaniliseks liikumise kontrollimiseks. · ECM (Electronic Control Module ) or Engine ECU (Electronic Control Unit) with
64 generator control light GENERATOR, VOLTAGE REGULATOR 61 charge indicator (charge control light) B+ battery + B- battery - D+ dynamo + D- dynamo - DF dynamo field DF1 dynamo field 1 DF2 dynamo field 2 U, V, W AC three phase terminals LIGHTS 54 brake lights 55 fog light 56 spot light 56a headlamp high beam and indicator light 56b low beam 56d signal flash 57 parking lights 57a parking lights 57L parking lights left 57R parking lights right 58 licence plate lights, instrument panel 58d panel light dimmer WINDOW WIPER / WASHER 53 wiper motor + in 53a limit stop+ 53b limit stop field 53c washer pump 53e stop field 53i wiper motor with permanent magnet, third brush for high speed ACOUSTIC WARNING 71 beeper in 71a beeper out, low
A micro- processor-controlled machining tool has to position the cutting bit in the right place to cut a piece of steel. This book provides coverage of practical control applications and gives some opamp examples; however, its focus is neither control theory nor opamp theory. Primarily, its coverage includes measurement and control of analog quantities in embedded systems that are required to interface with the real world. Whether measuring a signal from a satellite or the temperature of a toaster, embedded systems must measure, analyze, and control analog values. That’s what this book is about—connecting analog input and output devices to microprocessors for embedded applications. xi System Design 1 Most embedded microprocessor designs involve processing some kind of
Morse code The «dot» and «dashes» language «The Victorian Internet» 183 8 Double digit code dot (dit) dash (dah) «What hath God Wrought The Bible: Numbers 23:23 Morse code today is learned by scouts is still used by some enthusiasts SOS signal Thank you for your attention!
Eesti Infotehnoloogia Kolledž Digitaalloogika ja Digitaalsüsteemid KODUTÖÖ Tallinn 2013 Sisukord Sisukord.................................................................................................................. 2 1. Leida oma matriklinumbrile vastav 4-muutuja loogikafunktsioon......................4 1.1 — sisestada lahtrisse oma matriklinumber...................................................4 1.2 — lülitada kalkulaator ümber 16ndsüsteemile (Hex).....................................4 1.3 — kalkulaatoris näidatava 16ndarvu 7-ga korrutamiseks vajutada järjest * ja 7 ning järgnevalt võrdusmärki = korduvalt, kuni näidatav 16ndarv kasvab 7- kohaliseks:........................................................................................................... 5 1.4 — eelkirjeldatud viisil toimides saadud ja hetkel kalkulaatoris näidatava 16ndarvu tuleb korr...
1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, Andrew is always coming late. -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third SPELLING: person. stop – stopping; run – running; begin – •go – goes •kiss – kisses beginning •catch – catches •fix – fixes lie – lying •wash – washes •buzz – buzzes make - making 2. For verbs that end in a consonant + SIGNAL WORDS Y, we remove the Y and add -IES. at the moment •marry – marries •study – now studies at present NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + (tonight; today; this weekend; Y, we just add -S. tomorrow) •play – plays Listen! QUESTIONS and NEGATIVE Look! SENTENCES •You don't speak Arabic. •John doesn't speak Italian.
-5- the interactive voice menu (IVR), the centre of processing of calls - statement of calls to turn and their distribution on agents using various algorithms, record CDR and other functions. On the one hand, the server is connected with telephone lines and can incorporate to any phone of the world. On the other hand, the server is connected with the Internet and can contact any computer in the world. The server accepts a standard telephone signal, digitizes it (if it initially not digital), considerably compresses, breaks into packets and sends through the Internet to destination point with use of the protocol TCP/IP. For the packets coming from the Network on a telephone server and going out in a telephone line, operation goes upside-down. Both making operations (a signal input in a telephone system and its exit from a telephone system) occur practically simultaneously that allows to provide fullduplex conversation.
Karin Aus LI11a inseparable from cultural tradition a sonic toy a signal information Estonian ethnomusicologist Herbert Tampere (19091975) categorised musical instruments: 1) traditional instruments 2) popular instruments wind instruments (puhkpillid) stringed instruments (keelpillid) bellows instruments (lõõtspillid) percussion instruments (löökpillid) Flute type wind instruments Willow bark (pajupill) Pine shoot (vilepill) Clarinet type wind instruments Bagpipe Reed pipe (roopill)
Tense Tense Signal words Use Form Examples Present Every day, Sometimes, Infinitive, I work simple sometimes, happens The workes always, often, repeatly, He/she/it I go usually, seldom, how often + -s She goes never, first...then. something (1.pv.) happens.
SSID : Livingmaul BSSID : 08:62:66:8d:1b:b0 Network type : Infrastructure Radio type : 802.11g Authentication : WPA2-Personal Cipher : CCMP Connection mode : Profile Channel : 11 Receive rate (Mbps) : 48 Transmit rate (Mbps) : 48 Signal : 92% Profile : Livingmaul Millise standardi WLAN võrguga on arvuti ühendatud? 802.11g Milline on lubatud laadimiskiirus üles ja alla? 48Mbps 5 GHz võrk Liverpool Name : Wireless Network Connection Description : ASUS USB-AC56 802.11ac Wireless USB Adapter GUID : dd71900b-76bb-4f91-bcf0-8d907558bfca
TE.0556 Tehnotroonika eriala Üliõpilane: ,,....." ............... 2013. a ............................... Üliõpilane Juhendaja ,,....." ............... 2013. a ............................... dots. ******* Tartu 2013 ABSTRACT Õpilane, Ü. WiFi signal strength of router Thomson TG784 and its impact on connetion. Course work Tartu: EMÜ, 2012. 17 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, format A4. In Estonian language. The aim of this research is to find out the general factors, which determine the strength of WiFi connection, using a rather common router Thomson TG784. Connection is measured throughout a house and results are analysed. Although the research was carried out in certain conditions, the conclusions are universal
......12 4. SOOVITUSED.................................................................................................................14 KOKKUVÕTE.....................................................................................................................16 KIRJANDUS.......................................................................................................................17 2 ABSTRACT Õpilane, Ü. WiFi signal strength of router Thomson TG784 and its impact on connetion. Course work Tartu: EMÜ, 2012. 17 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, format A4. In Estonian language. The aim of this research is to find out the general factors, which determine the strength of WiFi connection, using a rather common router Thomson TG784. Connection is measured throughout a house and results are analysed. Although the research was carried out in certain conditions, the conclusions are universal
Past Progressive (Past Continuous) The past progressive puts emphasis on the course of an action in the past. Form Positive Negative Question I / he / she / it I was speaking. I was not speaking. Was I speaking? you / we / they You were speaking. You were not speaking. Were you speaking? Exceptions in Spelling Exceptions in spelling when adding ing Example come coming final e is dropped (but: ee is not changed) (but: agree agreeing ) after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled sit sitting l as final consonant after a vowel is doubled (in British English) travel travelling final ie becomes y lie lying Use of Past Prog...
englisch-hilfen.de LEARNING ENGLISH ONLINE Examples Examples Examples Tense Signal words Use Form affirmative negative interrogative every day something happens repeatedly sometimes how often something happens always I work. I don't work. Do I work?
· Realigment (motion correction ) · Global Normalization · Coregistration · Motion correction · Spatial Normalization · Slice Timing · Spatial Smoothing · Spatial Normalization · Spatial Smoothing · Temporal filtering Remove first 10 time points · [Eng] The first few volumes of the functional images are often discarded for signal equilibrium and to allow the participants' adaptation to the scanning noise. · [Est] Paar esimest aja punkte funktsionaalssetest pilte hulgast kustutakse ära, et ühtlustada signaali tasakaalu ja eemaldada suuri kõikumisi. See aeg võimaldab osalejatel kohaneda skaneerimise müraga. Slice Timing · Interbased order. Esimesed kihid 1,3,5..., pärast lähevad 2,4,6,... · Sõltub kihtide järjekorrast, mis oli valitud enne skaneerimist.
crosswalk button, StopLight Sequen insures that the stoplights are lighting up in the right sequence. Displays is responsible for the things that need to be shown on the display. Tallinn University of Technology March 2013 MODE 1 This block describes the behavior of the Democratic manual mode. It is connected to the sensors near the stoplights, and is only activated once the manual signal is on. MODE 2 Mode 2 is responsible for the Main Street mode. After one of the secondary street's sensors have been activated, it will be sending a signal for a fixed amount of time, and then resetting it. Tallinn University of Technology March 2013 MODE 3 This small block is responsible for the automatic mode
a) Millist andmeedastusprotokolli toetas meie NOKIA modem laboris? V.21 is an ITU-T recommendation for full-duplex communication between two analogue dial- up modems using audio frequency-shift keying modulation at 300 baud to carry digital data at 300 bit/s. It is a variant of the original Bell 103 modulation format. Audio frequency-shift keying (AFSK) is a modulation technique by which digital data is represented as changes in the frequency (pitch) of an audio tone, yielding an encoded signal suitable for transmission via radio or telephone. Normally, the transmitted audio alternates between two tones: one, the "mark", represents a binary one; the other, the "space", represents a binary zero. Meie NOKIA modem kasutas nn. full-duplex kanalit, mis kujutab endast ühendust kahe punkti vahel. Seega üks punkt on telefonivõrgus (dial-up) ja teine võrgukaart. Sellist tüüpi modemid kasutavad tehnoloogiat, mille põhimõte on helitooni(audio) sageduse codeerimine kahendsüsteemi(binary)
LOODUS Kliima iseloomustus: Parasvööde, leebed talved, jahedad suved, vihmane, niiske, pilvine. Keskmine temperatuur jaanuaris on 3 kraadi Celsiuse järgi ja juulis 18 kraadi Celsiuse järgi. Pinnamood: Belgia maastik on väga vaheldusrikas: Põhjamere rannikut on 67kilomeetrit, selle jätkuks on Põhjamere ääres tasandikud, keskosa on mägine ja kagusse jäävat Ardennide piirkonda iseloomustavad metsased kõrgendikud. LOODUS Kõrgeim tipp: Signal de Botrange 694m Pikimad jõed: Maas 950 km, Schelde 435 km Loodusvöönd: asub lehtmetsavööndis Taimed: Kohalik taimestik on peaaegu kadunud, välja arvatud vähesed tamme-, pöögi- ja jalakametsad Ardennides ning piirdub vaid mõne taimeliigiga, eelkõige lilledega, nagu iirised ja hüatsindid. Loomad: Suurtest imetajatest võib Ardennides kohata hirvi ja metssigu. Riigi teistes paikades elab väiksematest loomadest rebaseid, nirke oravaid, mäkrasid ja muid selliseid loomi. Kortrijk
o <= '0' when (a = '1' and b = '1') else '1'; --siin defineerime nand2 sisu end contents; architecture struct of f_system is component and2 --defineerime and2 komponendi port (a, b : in std_logic; o : out std_logic); end component; component or2 --defineerime or2 komponendi port ( a, b : in std_logic; o : out std_logic); end component; component nand2--defineerime nand2 komponendi port(a, b : in std_logic; o : out std_logic); end component; signal x3i, x2x3or, x1x2or: std_logic; --defineerime muutujad, millele omistame begin --väärtused hiljem U0: nand2 port map (x3, x3, x3i); --võtame nand2 abil x3 inversiooni U1: or2 port map (x2,x3,x2x3or); --võtame or2 abil x2 ja x3 or väärtuse U2: and2 port map (x1,x2x3or,y1); --esimene tulemus and2 abil Tallinn 2017 U3: y2 <= x2; U4: or2 port map (x1, x2, x1x2or); --võtame x1 x2 or tulemuse
Present Perfect Simple The present perfect simple expresses an action that is still going on or that stopped recently, but has an influence on the present. It puts emphasis on the result. Form of Present Perfect Positive Negative Question I / you / we / the I have spoken. I have not spoken. Have I spoken? y he / she / it He has spoken. He has not spoken. Has he spoken? For irregular verbs, use the participle form (see list of irregular verbs, 3rd column). For regular verbs, just add "ed". Exceptions in Spelling when Adding `ed' Exceptions in spelling when adding ed Example after a final e only add d love loved final consonant after a short, stressed vowel admit admitted or l as final consonant after a vowel is doubled travel travelled final y after a consonant becomes i hurry hurried Use of Present Perfect ·...
Compare the differences and the advantages between the “bang-bang“ control and Proportional control: (page 105) “Bang-Bang“ control or ON-OFF control is the simplest control system. It turns ON when the system needs more INPUT and tuns OFF if the system doesn’t need INPUT any more. The INPUT is similar to the PWM square wave (running ON and OFF during the length of the needed INPUT). Bang-Bang control is similar to the PWM input signal Proportional control: Bang-Bang control and Proportional control So that: ON-Off Control: When error = 0, turn OFF, when error ≠ 0, turn ON (Gain not changed). Proportional Control: Output = G x e. If e great -> G great, e small -> G small (Gain changes upon the value of error, so better). Functions of Integral and Derivative terms in the PID equation: (page 113-114) D for derivative, reduce overshoot and ocillation, error is rising fast, D
Kõikide edasiste andmete saamiseks on kõige aluseks punktipilv, mis arhiveerib hetke olukorra, mida saab ka tulevikus vaadata ja neid andmeid uuesti kasutada. 11. What is intensity? Intensiivsus on kiirguse või heli levimisel energia hulk, mis langeb ajaühikus levimissuunaga risti oleva pinna pindalaühikule. Intensiivsuse tähis on I ja mõõtühik vatt ruutmeetri kohta. For each survey point the scanner records three coordinates and also the intensity of the backscatter laser signal i.e. the power of the received signal (generally 28 i.e. 0 to 255) 12. What is the angle of incidence? Geomeetrilises optikas on langemisnurk nurk pinnale langeva kiiruse ja kokkupuutepunktiga pinnaga risti oleva joone vahel, mida nimetatakse normaaliks. Kiire võib moodustada mis tahes laine abil: optiline, akustiline, mikrolaine, röntgenikiirgus ja nii edasi 13. Name the general sources of uncertainty in laser scanning?
Artificial limbs Controlled by thoughts Content · What is it? · Origin · Critical Breakthrough · Why ? · How it works? · Future of bionic limbs What is it? · New generation coming from prosthesis · Unlike prosthesis, bionic limb is tied with brain and spinal cord through sensors Origin · Research started in 1960 - Scientists made sure that signals from living brain could be fed into a computer · Experiment in 1990s - Group of people in Duke University Center for Neuroengineering experimented with microwires, a hair-thin sensors · Work in past two decades - Once implanted, the sensors can detect signals from frontal and parietal Critical Breakthrough · 2011, two monkeys learned to control virtual hand with thoughts · This program allowed to train animals to feel virtual object... ...And paralyzed humans to regain full- body mobility Why? · To allow paralyzed and disordered people preform normal, even ...
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