Student World Atlas (Maailma atlas) (0)

Malestrom Major Rivers N am e Continent Out fl o w T o tal Lengt h (mi.) Nile Africa Mediterran ean Sea 4,1 60 Am azo n South Am erica Atlantic Oce an 4,000 Ch ang (Yangtze) Asia East China Sea 3,964 M ississippi-M iss o u ri N o rt h Am eri ca Gul f of Mexico 3,710
Major Deserts Name Continent Area (sq. m i.) Sa hara Africa 3,500 ,000 Gobi Asia 500,000 Libya n Africa 450,000 Sono ran No rt h Ameri ca 120,000
Oceans Arct ic Ocean Atlantic Ocean Area: 5,426 ,000 sq. mi . Area: 3 1,73 6,000 sq . mi . Coastline: 28 ,209 mi . Coastl ine: 69 ,525 m i. Average De p t h: 3,407 ft. Average De p t h: 11,730 ft. Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Area: 28,410,000 sq. mi . Area: 63,838,00 0 sq. m i. Coas tli ne: 4 1,346 m i. Coas tl ine : 84,315 m i. Average Depth: 12,598 ft Average De p th: 12,925 ft.
Highest Elevations M o untain Peak Name Place Height (ft.) Con tinen t Kilimanja ro Tanzani a 19,340 Africa Vinson Massif Antarctica 16,864 An tarctica Everest Nepal - Tibet 29,035 Asia Kosciu sk o Australia 7,3 10 Au stral ia Elb rus Russia 18,5 10 Europe Mc Kin ley Alask a, U.S. 20,320 N orth Am erica Aconcagua Argentina 22 ,834 South America
Lowest Elevations
Lo west P o in t Name Place Dep th Below Sea Lev el (ft .) Continen t Lake AssaI Djib outi 512 Afri ca Bentl ey Subgla cial T re nc h Antarctica 8,327* Antarctica Dead Sea Israel-Jo rdan 1,3 10 Asia Lak e Eyre Aust ralia 52 Aus trali a Cas p ia n Sea Rus sia - Azerbaijan 92 Europe Death Valley Califo rn ia, U.S. 282 North America Vald es Pen in su la Argentina 13 1 South America ' Estimated
Copynght © 2005 by MapQue st. Inc All rig~ t s reserved - World Facts and Figures Inside front cover Using This Atlas .4- 5
Legend 6
Map Scale 7
Latitude and Longitude 8- 9
Different Kinds of Maps 10-11
Our Solar System 12- 13
World Physical 14- 15
World Political 16- 17
Ocean Floor 18- 19
Dynamic Earth
Earthquakes 20
Volcanoes 21
Continental Drift 22-23
Published by World Climate 24-25
World Vegetation 26- 27
World Environment
Copynght © 2005
World Forest Cover 28
by Meprxest. Inc.
All nqhts reserved.
Tropical Ra in Forests 29
World Population
While everycare has been taken to trace and acknowledge copy Population Density 30-3 1
right, the publishers tender their apologies for any accidental infringement where copynqht hasproved untraceable. Population Projections 30
Allnghts reserved. No part of thrs book may be reproduced or trans World Population
mitt ed In any fo rm by any means electronic, mechanical , or other Wise , whether now or hereafter devised. including photocopying, Life Expectancy: 1999, 2025 32
recording, or by any Information and retrieval system, without espress writt en prio r pe rm ission from the Publisher . Youthful Population 33
Acknowledgements. Food and Nutrition 33
"How to use this Atlas" written by ElspethLeacock
World Culture
MeXICO Statecoat of arms on page 76. © 200J mextcan- Ilaq .com Languages 34
Photographs on pages 24-25 (Deserts, Nature , China/Tibet. Alaska ,
Brazu, Arctic ). 26-27 ( Landscapes . Nature, Australia, China/ Tibet), 59 Literacy 34
(rivers), 60--61(nature, Landscapes, Hawaii , Caribbean ), 62- 63 (Arctic)
Copynqbt © 2005 Corel corp . and their suppliers. Religions 35
Photographs on pages 26-2 7 1V01.16, 44, 74), 60- 61 1V01. 16, 44). Historical Spread of Religions 35
62-3 1V01. 16, 44)
Copyright © 2005 Pbotolxsc. Inc. World Land Use , 36- 37
Photograph on page 42 (Wright brother's flight ) Copynght © 2005 NASA Industrial Employment 36
Photographs on pages 58, 62- 63 ( Southern California ) Agricultural ,Employment 37
Ccpynqbt © 2005 Drqital Stock Corp. World Resources
Photograph on page 62 (Rockiespring) Copynghl © 2005 Freestockphotos ccm Oil, Natural Gas, and Coal 38-39
Pnotcqraphs on pages 68--69 No!. 194 ) Major Minerals 38-39
Copynqbr © 2005 Corbrs Corp. Electrical Energy Production 39
World Communications
Television Receivers .40
Newspaper Circulation .41
Personal Computers .41
Cellular Communications .41
World Transportation
Time Zones .42
Major Airports .43
North America Political .44 South America Themes , continued
North America Physica l .45 Environmental Issues : Deforestation , Desertification 83
North America Themes Europe Political 84
Population Density .46 Europe Physical 85
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) .47 Europe Themes
Land Use 47 Population Density 86
Climate .48 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 87
Precipitation .48 Land Use 87
Vegetat ion .49 Climate 88
Environmental Issues: Deforestation, Desertification, Precipitation 88
Acid Rain .49 Vegetat ion 89
Un ited States Political 50-51 Environmental Issues: Deforestat ion, Desertification,
United States Political Facts 52-53 Acid Rain 89
Un ited State s Physical 54-55 Africa Political 90
Un ited States Physical Facts 56-57 Africa Physical 91
Geographic Featu res Africa Themes
Continental Divide 58 Population Density 92
U.S. Earthquakes 58 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 93
Fall Line 59 Land Use 93
Faults 59 Climate 94
United States Cli mate 60-61 Precipitation 94
United States Vegetation 62-63 Vegetation 95
United States Land Use 64-65 Environmental Issues: Deforestation, Desertification 95
United State s Resources 66-67 Asia Political 96
United State s Transportation: Road , Ra ilroads, Airports . .68-69 Asia Physical 97
United States Population Asia Themes
Population Density 70-71 Population Density 98
Distribution of Population by Region : 1900, 1950,2000 70 Gross Domestic Product (GDPr 99
Center of Population 71 Land Use 99
Percent Change in State Population, 1990-2000 .71 Climate 100
United States Economy Precipitation 100
Per Capita Income 72.-73 Veqetatio n> 101
-, Persons Below the Poverty Level .73 Environmental Issues: Deforestat ion, Desertification,
Canada Political 74 Acid Ra in ; 101
Canada Physical .75 Australia and. Oceania Political ...r" 102
Mexico Political 76 Australia and Oceania Physical 103
Mexico Physical 77 Australia and-Oceania Themes
South America Political .78 Population Density 104
South America Physical 79 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 105
South America Themes Land Use 105
Population Density 80 Climate 106
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 81 Precipitation 106
Land Use 81 Vegetation 107
Climate 82 Envi ronmental Issues: Deforestation , Desertification 107
Precipitation 82 Index 108- 112
Vegetat ion 83 Geographic Glossary Inside back cover ·
is a collectio n of Finding Di rection AN ATLAS m ap s that can be us ed to find information abo ut your world. The To find directi ons use th e m ap's compass rose. You can also lise lines oflati tude an d longi tude very latest data has been collected to mak e these maps. Hundred s of sat ellite im ages were used to map th e dramatic sh rin king of Eart h 's for est s. -w 4 5 E to find directio n . Every line oflongi tude points n orth a nd so uth. Every lin e oflati tud e points east and west. You can learn m ore abo u t la titude The latest cens us data from each a nd every coun and longitud e on pages 8-9. tr y was used to build a picture of Eart h's current population. T he m ost recent scienti fic research Readin g Map Symbols was used to crea te th em atic map s of continental Every m ap sym bo l shows the locati o n of some drift, th e ocea n floor, th e envi ro nme n t and our thing . It could be so m ething as large as a conti natural resources. Look closely an d yo u will see nent o r as sm all as a bird -house. A dot that th e informat ion fo r th e map s comes from sh ows th e locat ion of a city. A blu e line many di fferent so urces suc h as NASA, th e U.S. shows the co urse of a river . Bu t map Department of th e Inter ior or th e Wo rld Bank . sym bols are not t he same on all maps. You can use th ese map s to explo re yo u r world, One map m ight sho w a city with a discover co n nec tions bet ween places , and see sq uare. Map legends or keys help relation ships between places a nd peoples . explain t he symbols used on a map. But thi s a tlas is m o re than ju st a wealth of You ca n find o ut m o re abou t legends information . It is fun to look a t to o. You will an d th e m a p sym bo ls used in this atlas find th at th ese ma ps an d ph o to graphs can evo ke on page 6. im ages of far away pla ces. T hey in vite you to pause an d to dream . With a m ap you can journey th e world without ever getting wet, cold , tir ed or Special Features o f this Atlas hungry. You ca n im agine grea t adven tu res an d not leave th e co m fort of your favorite ch air! Th is atl as has been designed and organi zed to be easy fo r you to use. Here is a "ro ad map" to your To get th e most o ut of this a tlas you need to atlas . know how to read maps. Just as you learned to read wo rds like th e o nes on thi s page, you can The Blu e T ab Ba r learn how to read th e lan guage of maps. The So mewhere along the top blue tab ba r of each map skills yo u need to kn ow ar e: sp read yo u will see a dark er blu e tab . It tells you 1. locating pla ces 2. measuring di stance 3. finding directi on 4. read ing m ap sym bols
Locating Places To find pla ces in thi s a tlas, you can begin with th e subject of th e map or ma ps you are look in g th e index. To find Dalla s follow th ese steps . at. The ligh t blue ta bs tell you the subjects of the CUlCO, Peru 78 13'3 2'5 71'S6'W 1. Look up Dallas in th e index a t th e sur ro un ding m ap spreads. If, for example, you Cyclades, Islands 85 37'OO'N 2S'OO'E Cyprus, country , 96 3S'OO'N 33' OO'E en d of thi s book. are loo king at the World Clim ate map and would Cyprus, Island 97 3S'OO'N 33'OO'E Cyrenaica,region 91 2S'OO'N 24'OO'E 2. T he index tells you th at D alla s is a lik e to co mpare it to th e World Vegeta tio n m ap, Czech Reo.. country 84 49'OO'N lS'OO'E city in Texas and that it can be you can use the tabs to find that map q uickly found on page 50. You will also and easily. Dakar, Senega! 90 14' 42'N 17'27'W learn that Dallas is located at Dallas, TX 50 32' 47' N 96' 48'W
Dalmatia, region Dernareland, region 85 91 44' 00'N 16'0 0'E 21'00'5 19'OO'E
32 °4 7'N (32 de gr ees 47 minutes Map Skills
Damascus, SYria d'Ambre, Cap, cape 96 91 3J'J l' N 36' 18'E 12' 00'5 48'0 0'E
north) and 96° 48' W (96 degr ees 48 Look at t he blu e tab bar above and you will see Da Nang, Vietnam Danube , nver 96 85 16' OJ'N 108' 12'E 49' OO'N 10' OO'E
minutes wesr.) that you a re in t he m a p skills sectio n. This sec
DanubeDelta, delta Derdeoel'es.st-e« 85 85 4S' OO'N 29'OO'E
40'OO'N 27'OO'E 3. Go to page 50 and find th e lin e of tion should be called "Read Me First " beca use it Dares Salaam , Tanzania Darling, fiver 90 103 6'49 '5 39' 17'E Jl 'OO'S 144'00' E latitude nearest to th e number is here that you will fin d all sorts of helpful 32 ° N and th e lin e oflongitude inform a tio n about maps and how to read them . nea rest to th e number 96 °W. You will find Even if yo u are a p racticed m ap reader, read t his Da llas close to wh ere th ose two lin es m eet. You sect ion ! can learn more ab out latitude a nd longitude o n pages 8- 9. The Wo rl d · reneda In th is section you will find a world poli tical Measuring Distance map, a wo rld physical m ap, an d 35 world the To m easure di stance most maps have a distan ce matic m aps. T he world political m ap shows the o 200 400 mi scale. You can learn more abo u t m easuring di s most u p to date na tional boundaries. On the 6 260 ' 400 km ' tan ce on pa ge 7. wo rld physical m ap yo u can see huge desert s, great moun tai n ran ges, a n d even th e sea ice Canada and Mexico that covers much of th e Arcti c. The th ematic Ca n ada and Mexico b oth h ave t h eir own maps inclu d e t he most up to date mforrnanon spread s that include a political and phys ical on everything from the world di stribunon of m ap. com p u ters and televisions to life expectancy, religion an d literacy. If you want to see the Geographic Features ocean floo r, o r to find wh er e 111 the world vol Th ere are two sp ecial "Geogr ap hic canoes fo rm , th is IS the sec tio n to look in. Feature s" mcluded in this atl as. To find out how th e co n t ine n ts, Earth 's Co n tin en t s \1. greatest land features, have been The co ntin ent u n its are de sign ed to all have drifnng a ro u n d the glo be, turn to t h e same kin ds o f m ap s. This will en able yo u pages 22 -23 . To t ake an 1t1 de p th to compare and contrast one continenr with look at fall line s, d ivid es, and fau lts an o t he r with ease an d accuracy . There IS a turn to the United States Geograp h ic political map, a ph ysical map, and a to tal o f Features sp read o n pages 58 -59 . seven them ati c maps p er co n tinen t. Used individ u ally each map can provide Charts and Graphs answers to m any q u es tio n s. But all together , This atlas IS filled With ch arts, graphs an d d ia each set of m aps can be used to tell a story. grams. They are used to gIve m ore information
Fi e! .\ N Van c o~ ~~;~; : ._ 1 * 0" about su bject s shown on th e maps. To make these charts and grap h s, long list s of th e m ost up to date data was gathered. Then al l th ose T"c~ " . · .( Portlafld. number s were o rganized into gr aphic d isp lays - ..."1:: th at ca n be read sim p ly and acc u ra tely. - - Consumpt ion
20 -----~
i; l 15 Line graphs are u sed to sh ow change in amounts over time. ] 10 f-- -:7"'S,£-- """"= '----.:::>---.-E. o Im agine a jo u rn ey cro ssmg a contin en t . You ~ 5 f'-----+-~"'----- can see t h e regio n s vrsi red , the rnounrams climbed, or t h e de serts crossed. You can tell if 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 many peo pl e are passed al ong the way o r few. You ca n d escr ib e th e acnvin cs of th e people. Will yo u see nun ers o r ranc he rs o r farmer s? IA $2.679 An d yo u can tell about the different climates NC $1 ,624 Bar gr aphs ar e used to co m exp erienced alon g th e way. All o f rhrs informa MN $1,083 pare amoun ts. tion an d m ore is on th e maps for every conn IL $762
nent but An tarct ica. NE $640
IN $545 Enviro n m en t al Issues T h ere IS a sp ecial "E nv ironmen tal Issu es" feature for each continent Pie chart s show percentages of an d o ne for the wo rld. To cr eate a total . th ese features the latest SCIen tific in fo rm a n o n wa s gath ered an d orga ni zed for yo u. The topiC S cover th e three major en vironmental Issues faced by crn zcn s today , desertific a tio n , d eforestati on, an d acid ram. Glossary Ther e are many geographic terms fo u n d on The United Sta t es maps such as fjord , isthmus, or plateau . Yo u can L.- oston In th e sectio n o n the Umred States find th e m eaning o f th ese and ot h er t erm s in NY t MA T 1 \ P you will find a pol itical map WIth tw o pag es o f poliucal fact s, a physi cal map With two pages o f physic al the geographic glossary located on t he in sid e back cover.
facts, an d seven themanc map The staffat Mapquest worked hard to make this atlas sp reads . a referencebook that is bothfull ofinformation and fun and ea.ry to use. We hopethaty ou enjoy your copy. T he fo llowi ng sym bo ls are used her e for gen eral referen ce m ap s. Map s Legend with spec ial su bjec ts (thematic m ap s) have their own ul1lqu e legends.
* General Reference Maps National capita l
Other capita l
D Nonsubject area Mou ntain peak Physical Maps Legend Pack ice --Ft3==~----::;?("---;;;;:r\l , .0 Ice caps Oth er city Lowest p oint M o unt ain s-+-----"~ International boundary = Perennial lake or: -7~~'"-:---t-- Tundra (pol iti cal map) Intermitt ent lake Internati onal bou ndary in Oceans and Perennial river seas --'=+~+-f-- Forests d ispute/und efined (polit ical map) Falls State or provincial boundary .~£-..:..~__;=.",.:r_---+- Grassl ands International boundary Arid lands - +--."".,.v (physical map) International boundary in d ispu te (physical map)
A glo be IS the m ost accu ra te picture of the Earth. Onl y a glo be ca n show di st an ce, directi on, Projections an d the t ru e sha pe a nd area o fl and and sea. Map m akers st ruggle with how to sho w th e ro und world on a fla t map .
Mercator Projection Gerardus Merca tor, a Du tc h map ma ker, wanted a map proj ection th at sho wed directi on and shape accurately. T he prob lem s with drst o rr ron s are mo re ob vIOUS o n rlu s p rojecti on. Yo u can see th at the lan d ar eas a re very d istorted the clo ser to th e pol es th a t yo u ge t. So, thi s Imagine the Earth as projecti on ende d up grearly a large balloon. distorting d ist an ce a nd size . \ Cut it apart, and flatten it ~\ to make a map. To show th e ro und Ear rh o n flat pap er , m apm ak ers used d ifferent
projections , o r ways o fjsho wm g a ro u n d sha pe o n a flat su rface .
Thisdiagram shows how a Mercator projection distortsthe With every proj ection the sha pes o f places a re cha nged so m ewhat. sizes ofplaces. Compare This IS ca lled di stortion . To find distorti on, you can co m pa re the Greenland on the map and the la tit ud e and lon gitude lines of a map to th ose same lines o n a glo be. globe .
Projections - Making the Round World Flat Robinson Projection Arthur Rob in son, an American m ap m ak er , wanted to d evelop a
ma p proj ect IOn that "loo ked" n ght. T hi s projecti on uses ma ny
di sto rti ons bu t none are
Sign ifica n t. You can see rhi s
by co m pa n n g o ne o f th e Azimuthal Projection la rge scale Wo rld m ap s m T h is IS a projecti on used to sh ow th is atlas to a glo be. Antarctica and th e Arctic . Azim uthal map s show d irecti o n a nd dis tan ce acc u ra tely, if m easured from th e center of the map. Bu t, o ther d istances, sha pe and size ar e distorted. r:
Changing Scale T he larg e sc al e map of New York 's lower Manharran (top) sh ows a small area with a large amounr of derail. T he small sca le m ap of New Yo rk State (bottom) is a lar ge area with a Map Scale small amo u nr of de tail . o 2 mile s
IJ 11I1111111111111111111111111 111 inches One inch represe nts 1 mile , i , i i I o 10 20 30 40 50 kilometers
WlllllllllIIIIIIII11111111111~111111111~ 1111 1 " 1 centimeters One centimeter represen ts 10 kilometers Latitude and Longitude NORTH POLE
Since an cient time s, mapmak ers, geographers, an d navigarors have work ed to develop a system fo r accu rate ly loca tin g places o n th e Eart h. O n a / sphe re, such as the Earth , the re are no co rne rs o r sides , no beginrung o r end. But since the Earth ro tates on an axis , th ere are two fixed points: th e Parall els of Latitude No rt h Pole and the So u th Pol e. These pomts mak e a good start ing pla ce for a syste m o f im ag inary lin es. These im aginar y line s fo rm a grId over th e Ear th, allo wm g us w pmpOlnt the exact locatio n of any SpOt o n the Eart h. This sp he rica l grid IS called the grati cule. It is fo rm ed by lines ca lled latitude a nd longitude.
Merid ia ns of Longitude
I The Graticule
NORTH POLE 90 0N
Latitude
Halfw ay betw een the pol es the equato r CIrcles th e globe 111 an eas t EQUATOR 0° I----t----I-~---'----l 0° west d irectio n. Latitude IS measured in d egr ees north or so u th of the equaw r, whi ch IS 0 d egrees (0). Lin es of latitude are called parall el s becau se th ey circle th e glo be parall el to the eq uato r. Parallels a re numbered from 0 ° at th e Equ ato r to 90 ° N a t th e No rt b Pole an d 90 °S a t the So uth Pole .
90°5 SOUTH POLE
Longitude Ru nning fro m pole to pol e, lm es o f longitude-ccal led m eridi a ns - circle th e glob e In a north-south direcnon. As In any circle or sp here, th ere a re 360 d egr ees ( 0) oflong itu de. T he m erid ian s are nu m bere d fro m the Pr im e Meridian wlnch IS labeled 0 °. Meridian s east 1800 o r west o f th e Prime Mer idran a re la beled E or W up to 180 ° .The ln ternan c nal Date 0° Lin e generally foll ows Prime 0E th e 180 ° m eridian , Mer idi an 0 90 W 90 rnakmg a few Jogs to aVOId cuttll1g th rou gh land a reas .
180° In tern atio nal D ate Line - Parallels and Meridians-The Fads
~--'-I-+ Pa rallels 160'140'1 20"100"80' 60" 40' 20' 0' 20" 4W 60" 80' 100"120' 140' 160 , / ,- I · ar e lines oflatitude used to measure location nor th o r so u th of the Equator 60"'--" NORTH · are always th e sa me d ista nce apart (a bo u t 70 m iles) AMERICA EU RO PE J _ 40'
· di ffer III leng th I · The Equa to r, the lon gest par allel , IS a lm ost 25 ,000 mil es lon g i
EOU~T()R Meridi a n s · are lines of longitude used to measure loca tio n east o r west of th e Prime 20' +--- Meri d ian AUSTRALIA I " · meet at th e pol es 40"'->'"
· a re all th e same length 60'
Which way north... The geograp hic No rt h a nd South Po les are fixed points lo cated at each end of the Eart h 's axis. T he Ear th 's m agn et ic fields cause th e needle of a co m pa ss to POlllt toward ma gn eti c no rth, not geog raphic north. The north m agn et ic po le IS locat ed in th e nor th ern territo ries of Canada. T he so ut h magn eti c po le IS loca ted nea r th e coast of An ta rctica. T he ma gn eti c po les are co ns tan tly movlllg.
NORTH POLE
Degrees, Minutes, Seconds A degree (0) of latitude o r lon gitude can be d ivrded mto 60 part s called minutes (' ). Each minute can be d rvided in to 60 seco nds (") . T he di agram at tIght IS an exa m p le of a place loca ted to t he nearest secon d.
It is writt en as: 42° 21 ' 30 " N 7 1° 03 ' 37 " W
· Th is place IS City cen ter, Boston , Massachusetts.
The index a t the back of this Atlas uses degr ees and m in utes ofl atitude and lon gitude to help yo u find places.
SOUTH POLE Different Kinds of Maps Maps are special pictures of places on Earth. All maps are alike in th ese lmportam ways: · All maps ar e a view from abo ve · All map s show selected info rmati on usm g sym bo ls · All map s are sm aller than th e real place o n Earth thar th ey show. Because peop le want to sho w many different dungs on Eart h, th ey create m an y d ifferent kinds of m ap s.
Physical Maps ~~~~~~=~ The purpose of a physical map is to show th e ph ysical or na tural " ~ -1'" '" Wo rld . Physical m ap s sh ow landforms a nd bodi es of _':; ~ _. water. We use physical '..... - map s to locate rivers and m ountains, ocean cu rren ts and wind pat te rns .
A U S' 11
~. Thematic, or Special Purpose Maps - These maps show a specific subject (rhe me) o r very / limired number of subjects (such as population d en sity , climate or h istorical topics). They can be used to sho w distributions and relat ionsh ip s among m ap featu res. This page contains exam ples o f the ma ny ~ typesof maps to be found through out th e ... Student Atlas ofthe World.
· Hist oric Route Map
V egetatio n Gross Domestic Product · M ap Population · (GOP) Map · Density Map
S T AL I A c:>c """ · eo........ . tangIer
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Continent al · Drift Map St Joh n $
PACIFIC OCEAN NEU ' GU INEA
AUSTRALIA ·
B International bou ndary A Mountain peak
Cape Vetdf Islands !s '":
)~ '.: ds
, NVI 0', l00'E 1200E
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OCEAN --') "'-$0: ~~ · ') \ '1-$0: __ _ _ _ '---.: '-"-~ TROPICOF CANCER- - - " , _ .s 6Q W O
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\------j4-~_t'::.--------_1_-.-£.::...,=>d~ "'I ~'-"f;'i~k:;;:;;:~ DO lNICAN PI~ ) I (U . K . ) REP(njiIc (U.S, . .. : / ' St. Ma n (Fr. an d Ncrh .} .' 'C ~·I. . ;?:" A'V' G UA AN D BARBUDA . Virgin Islands l' . _ Monlse" at (U.K.) (U.S.and U.K.) ST. xrrrs e: Guapeloupe (Fr.) AND NEV IS " DO~lI NICA 'Ii M4rtinique (Fr.) d sT\ LUCIA · \ t> BARBADO S .~ $T. VINCENT AN D I§J International GRENADA · T'JIEGRENA DIN ES , TRINIDAD AN D bou ndary
10"N + . . .: " Natural gas fields
D Coal deposits
EQUATOR
:.11 Bauxite
Chrom ium
Copp er
B Diamonds &-, Gol d M Iron @ Lead Manganese
&ill. Nickel Platin um
! SJll Silver
. /l!U Tin
Titan ium Zinc " ,,' Electrical Energy Productio n Billions of kilowatt hours , 1999 3,705 (United State s) 500 to 1,175 100 to 499 50 to 99 20 to 49 Less than 20 No current data available
SOurce U S Depe -troeor of E.nergy Intern ati on al Ene rgy Annu al. 2000 --
Television Receivers Number of television receivers per 100 popu lation \ More than 50 30 to 50 10 to 30 5 to 10 Less than 5 Although there a re so me unexp ect edl y upp er-ca tegor y N o current data available co un tries on this ma p, televisions , a relatively inexp ensive consumer ite m in all but th e poo rest nations, predominate SOurce. UNESCO Institute for Statistics whe re broadcast and cab le tech no logy is modern an d avail able and where popular cu lture has made television th e pnmar y medi um of marketi ng, news, and enrerrain menr.
N ewspaper Circulation Daily new spa pe r circulation »: ~ U ST R A L I A per 100 populat ion
More than 40 20 to 40 10 to 20 2.5 to 10 Obvious ly, newspaper Circul atio n IS partially associated
Less than 2.5 No current data available with nati onal literacy. In addi tio n, th e relative co untry
rank ings m ay illustrate th e ra nge of cu ltural vitality and
1996 Estimates th e freedom -or lack of- in th e ability to express and
Source: UNESCOInstitute tor Statistics share ideas , opi n ions , and critical co m me ntary.
Personal Computers Personal computers per 100 populat ion
M ore than 40 30 to 40 20 to 30 10 to 20 5 to 10 Less [han 5 No data ava ila ble Perso nal co m p u te r owners h ip IS ge nera lly m sign rficanr 111 ASia , if Eas tern Eu ro pe, and Africa. So m e o r all o f t he following reasons m ay
2001 Estimat e s app ly: expe nse, illite racy, lack of techn o logy, and lit tle o r no eco no m
Source IM I Telecommunicat ion Unton IC n eed . Also , au thoritaria n govern me nts may anem p[ to lirrur [h e
use o f co m puters, feanng the un resrrtcred acc ess to glo bal in fo rm s
n on [ ha c email and [he Intern et offer.
Internet Users, 2001 u.s. 142,823,000 J ap an 57,900,000 China 33,700 ,000 Germ any 30,000,000 South Korea 24,380 ,000 United Ki ngdom 24,000,000 Italy 16,000,000 France 15,653,000
'f Canada 13,500,000 Braz il 8,000,000 Source Inte rnati o na l Teleco mmun icat ion Un ion 1
Cellular Communications Ce llula r t el ephone subsc rib e rs per 100 populat ion
More than 60 45 to 60 30 to 45 15 to 30 5 to 15 Less tha n 5 Cellu lar telep hon es m ay be affor dable and Viab le a lrerna nves where No da ta available teleph o ne Ian d im es ar e non exist en t , rcchnolo gica lly ba ckwards, expensive , 2001 Est;mate , or overlo ade d. Co nversely, where land lin es are m od ern and p rofi cien t, [he Source In1"lI eleco mmunicatron Union demand fo r cellu lar telep hon es may be less [han expected . Time Zones D Non-standard time;
2 A.M. 3 A.M. 4 A.M. 5 A.M. 1 P.M. 2 P.M. 3 P.M. 4 P.M. 5 P.M. 6 P.M. 7 P.M. 8 P.M. 9 P.M. 10Pi
" +6
Hours I +11 12 -12 - 11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -1 o +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8
The World IS drvidcd inro 24 tim e zo nes , beg in Trave lin g It1 an easte rly drr ecnon , the time of Note that th e run es shown a re "standard time." ning at th e Prim e Meridian, whi ch ru ns th rough d ay m oves ahead o ne hour for eac h zo ne Adjustm en ts a re necessary when "d aylight Green wich , Eng land. T he twelve zo nes eas t and cros sed . T ravelm g west , n rne falls beh ind o ne saving ti me " IS use d. twelve zo nes west of the Prim e M errdian meer hou r per zo ne . At the Intern ati on al Da te L1Ile a halfway aro und the glo be at the Intern ati on al tr aveler gall1s o ne day croSSIl1g It III an eas te rly Date Lin e. d irection, and loses one day rraveli ng west.
Average Speeds of Some Passenger Transportation
Walking 3-4 mph/ 5-6 kph Bicycle 10 mph/16 kph Ocean liner , Queen Elizabeth 1/ 33 mph/53 kph Intercity bus, Greyhound ; u.s . 54 mph/87 kph Air cushion vehicle, United Kingdom 69 mph/111 kph Electric tr ain, Amtrak Ace la Express; East ern U.s. 150 mph/241 kph (top speed ) High-speed t rain, Shinkansen (Bullet Train ); Japan 164 mph/263 kph (average speed between stations) Jet airliner, Boeing 737 500 mph/80S kph Ocean Travel , New York City to London nes
P.M. =- 1883 , Steamsh ip 6 days ~m.
2000 , Ocean line r, Q ueen Elizabeth II, 5 days ~
AirTravel, New York City to Paris
t:,_,~> -.c2~~~f)~") 1927, Spirit of St. Louis, sing le-engine propeller plane 33 hours 30 minutes ~
' '-.o S ), 1958, Boe ing 707, fo ur-e ng ine jet 8 hours 41 minutes - 'i.~
£: 1977, Concorde SST, superson ic jet 3 hours 44 minutes -L._';::====~
Famous Airplane Flights
1903 1932 Orville and Wilbur Wright made the first engine-powered Amelia Earhart was the first woman to fly across the flight in a heavier-than-aircraft at Kitty Hawk, NC.The Atlantic Ocean. She flewfrom Harbour Grace , fiight lasted less than 12 seconds. Newfoundland to Northern Ireland , a distance of 2,026 1908 miles (3,260 kilometers) in 15 hours 18 minutes. Glenn Curtiss made the first official flight of more than 1933 1 kilometer (0.62 miles). Wiley Post made the first solo, round-the-world flight. He 1926 flewfrom Floyd Bennett Fieldin Brooklyn, NY and covered Floyd Bennett ( pilot ) and Richard E. Byrd (navigator) 15,596 miles (25,099 kilometers) in 7 days 18 hours 49 A'I claimed to have circled the North Pole. minutes. 'd ne y 1927 1949 ~ · Charles A. Lindbergh made the first solo, nonstop, trans AnAirForce crew made the first nonstop, round-the-world :;i atlantic flight. He flewfrom Garden City, NY to Paris in 33 flight. Using a B-50Abomber, they traveled 23,452 miles hours 30 minutes. (37,742 kilometers) in 3 days 22 hours 1 minute, 1929 1992 Richard E. Byrd estab lishedan Antarctic base at Little French pilotsflew the supersonic Concorde around the America. On November 28 and 29, Byrd and his pilot, Bernt world, east-to-west, in a record setting 32 hours 49 minutes Passengers at Balchen, left the base and flew to the South Pole. 3 seconds. +10 M ajor Airports 2001 ~ More than 40 million ~ 30 to 40 milli on ~ 20 to 30 million Source Airports Coonctt International Internat ion al boun dary State or prov incial boundary
ARCTIC National capital
OCEAN Symbol and label sizes indicate relative sizes 0/ cities: · New York
Berin g Balt imore
Sea Cbartotte
400 , 800m ;
400 800 km
n's \-St. Martin 3,710 mi. (5,971 km) (U.S.) .J~~~ . Iv (Fr . and N erh.) ~-I · ..,, ?':. ANTIGUA B1RBUDA AND · Largest Lake: Lake Supe rior , United States! Nat ions of the Lesser Antilles Virgin Islands / ._ Montserrat (U.K.) Canada, 31,700 sq. mi. (82,103 sq. km) (U.S. and U.K.) Ii': Gua~eloupe (Fr .) Count ry Capital Count ry Capit al ST . KIrrS " DO ~tI NI CA
AND NEVIS '1\ Martinique (Fr .)
· Largest Country : Canada, 3,85 1,809 sq. mi. Antigua and Barbuda St. John's St. Vi ncent and the Kingstown ~OO mi d S~. LUCIA
(9,976,140 sq . km) 51. Kitts and Nevis Dominica Basseterre Roseau Grenadines Grenada 51. George's a 200km ~ I C) BA RB/\ D OS
· Larg est City: New York City , United State s, Castries Trinidad and Tobago Port-of- Spain GRENADA " ~~~~~i>~~~ 51. Lucia 21,200,000 (metrop olitan popu lation) TRINIDAD AND Barbados Bridgetown T OB AGO IO'N · .. --------.; BO'N North + Pole
ARCTIC OCEAN
,'I§S
,~ ,:," "\
'00,. tkcr~ /
ATLANTIC \ OCEAN ., Bermuda
800 mi f--~7-'-----'-----" / 800 km
B I '" V International bo undary Mountain peak Lowest point Falls
[ Elevation Profile J 100"W 70'W
. I I , "' ·_ _,, _
': :J~~~ _ --_ GroT~ ~··T~~k~H"=-.=~==--=l~
Sea A B Major Metropolitan Areas Antigua & Barbu da St. John 's 22,000 r Population Pe rso ns pe r Pe rso ns per Bahama s sq . mile sq . km Nassau 211,000 Over 520 Over 200 Barbados 260 t0 5 19 100 to 199 Bridgetown 6,000 130 to 259 50 to 99 Belize 25 to 29 10 to 49 Belize City 49,000 1 to 24 1 to 9 Belmopan 8,000 o o Canada Toronto 5,030,000 Major me tr opolitan ar ea s Montr eal 3,549,000 Vancouver 2,123,000 · Ove r 2 million Ottawa 1,129,000 · 1 million to 2 million Calgary 993,000 Edmonton 967,000 · Und e r 1 million Quebec 698,000 Hamilton 687,000 Winnipeg 686,000 .Edmonton Costa Rica ~anco u ver . Calgary San Jose 1,305 ,000
Cuba ~Se att l e- Quebec. Havana 2,192,000 Port land. Tacoma Montreal. Minneapo lis- awa · Dominica 51. Paul. am1t0 11... e Toro nto ost on Roseau 16,000 , Detroltlil ~ . ( Sacrame nto . Sa lt Lake City MllCwha,ukee 4t'jeveland ew York-Newark Dominican Republic · rcaqo , · ephilade lphia SantoDomingo 2,677 ,000 San Francisco -. . I n d l a n ~ p,? I IS. ,. ~. ~sh ington , D,C.- Baltimore Oak land .Fresno Denve re Kansas City Cincinnatie ('of, tts5~fg h EISalvador San Jose Las Vegas · · St Louis "mbus rf Ik V' . , B h San Salvador 1,909 ,000 · UN I T ED S T ATE S 'Nashville .,.,,0 0 · "g'OIa ea c Los Angeles · . ? San Diego . Oklahomae . Me mphis Charlott e Grenada TIjuana· City Dallas- · At lant a St. Geo rge 's 5,000 EI Paso Ft. Worth ad Ju arez" , New . Jac ksonville Guatem ala AustlO. . .Orlea ns Orland o Guat emala City 1,007 ,000 San Antonio · ( 1-i~ Tampa-. · TH~~ MIAM \S Haiti Port-au-Prince 99 1,000 Mont er rey. 51. Petersburg
Havana Mffifl'I') ~ N~a u ST , KITTS" NE VIS ? ~ . "Puerto Rico \ j Bassete rre ANTIGUA" ,,(BARRUIM ~-:~~ . ~_, _ " , (u .S ) ~ ~ t . Jo hn's Honduras Guad alajara. · Leon l A · · ,......... San Ju an . DOMI NI CA Tegucigalpa 835,000 n Port,'a U \' Santo ST , LUC IA': · BARRAD OS United States lP Prince \ Do rninqo ~ ST, VI NC ENT" Jamaica New York-Newark 21,200,000 Mexico · DO MI N ICAN GRE N ADA' TI lE G RENADI NES Kingston 578,000 Los Ange les 16,374,000 City Chicago 9,158,000 RE Pu nl ~ C. -Port-ol-Sparr · I";~ ~,t6~ Mexico Washington -Baltimore 7.608,000 Mexico City 16,203.000 San Francisco- Guadalajara 3,349 ,000 Oakland-San Jose 7.039,000 Monterrey 3,131 ,000 Philadelph ia 6,188 ,000 Pueb la 1,272.000 Boston 5,819,000 Ciudad J uarez 1,187,000 Detroit 5.456,000 Tijuana 1,149,000 Dallas-Ft. Worth 5,222,000 leon 1,021,000 Houston 4,670,000 Atlanta 4,112,000 Nicarag ua Miami 3,876,000 Managua 1,148,000 Seattle -Tacom a 3,555,000 Phoe nix 3,252,000 Panama Minneapolis-St. Paul 2,969,000 Panama City 1,002,000 Cleveland -Akron 2,946,000 San Diego 2,81 4,000 Puerto Rico St, Louis 2,604,000 Estimated 2002 Population (in millions ) San Juan 2,450,000 Denve r 2,582 ,000 Tampe -St. Petersburg 2,396 ,000 United States 281 St. Kitts & Nevis Pitts burgh 2,359 ,000 Basseterre Mexico 103 13,000 Portland 2,265,000 Cincinnati 1,979,000 Canada 32 St. lucia Sacramento 1,797,000 Castries 11,000 Kansas City 1.776 ,000 Guatemala 13 Milwaukee 1,690,000 St. Vincent & Grenad ines Interna tiona l compa rabifi ty of Cuba 11 Kingstown 15,000 popolarion data is limited by varying All other count ries 51 census methods. VVhere metropolitan Trinidad & Tobago popvfation is unavailable, cor e city Port of Spain 48,000 population is sho wn. Source: u.s. Census BureaIJ ... Electricity Use Ca nada 15,748
Un ite d St at es Gross Domestic Product IS a meas 12,407 u re of th e to tal goods and services genera ted by a cmIntry. Ge ne ra lly, manu facturing, hi gh-tech services, a nd specialized agri cultu ral prod Virgi n uct s ad d m or e value th an raw mate Island s rial s and baSIC food sruffs. 7,762 Mexico p rofits from o il p roduc tion and a major manufa ct urm g zo ne adjace n t to th e U.S. bo rd er , whi le Cos ta Rica ha s becom e a sig ru fica n r to unst desti nation . Hai ti IS the poo rest co u ntry In the West ern Hemi sp here. Ja ma ica 2,278 M exic o 1,676
EI Salv ador 583 Gross Domestic KWh (kilowatt hours) per person per year Product So urce World Factbook CIA 2001 GOP per capita Over 520,000 $10,000 to 520.000 $5,000 to 59,999 $2,500 to 54.999 Under 52.500 Land Use and
No data Resources
SOurce World Facrbook. CIA. 2001 Predom inant land use
D Commer cial agriculture
D Dairying livestock ranChing D Subsistence agriculture · Primarily forestland
There is a p rofo un d nort h-south d ifferen ce D Limited agricultural activity
in No rt h Am erica , Can ada and the u.s. a re Major resou rces
models o f high -tech , glo bally co n nec ted Q Coal
econom ies- largely urba n and service OrI Cl Natural gas
ented SOCieties wh ere a relative ha ndful o f iA Oil
farmers pr oduces a su rplus of food stu ffs · Forest products and every lan d use, from the irngared field s @ Gold of the West to the d air y belt of th e ~ Silver Nor theas t to th e for est s of th e No rth , ~ Iron ore
seems to be mol de d by marker effic iency , ill Uranium
Withou t a d ou b t, th is eco nom ic prowess ® Bauxite
has been encouraged by Imm en se su p plies n Ot her rnmerals San Francisco ..:::;:xc Fishing of coal, oil, nat ural gas, wood , gold, iro n · Major manufacturing ore, and othe r min era l reso u rces. and trade centers Altho ugh MeXICO has sub stantial oil and mineral resources and ag ncul tu ral pr oducti on thar succ essfully stru ggles agaIns r cha lleng ing enviro n m en ral lirru ta rio ns , much o f irs growing prospen ty IS lm ked to increased tr ad e with th e U.s., reflected in a major m anu factunng zo ne alo ng ItS northern borderlands. Central Am er ica and th e Carib bean co n ti n ue to wrestl e Wit h th e legacy of co m me r cial planta tion agrIcult u re and su bsiste nce agrI culture, bur tour ism, espec ially in the Ca rib bea n , a nd sma ll-scale assembly and m an u factunn g have become eco no m ic backb o nes, as well.
H SAl.V ADO R Climate
· Tropical wet Tropical wet and dry And Semiarid
D Med iterranean ,", D ·· Humid subtropical Marine Humid continental
D Subarctic
D Tundra Highland
D Ice cap
Su rroun ded and envelo ped by warm water, th e co u n tries of so u the rn North America ar e warm and wet. T he Eas te rn U.S. and most of Ca nada a re striped by clim ate zones offering ad equ ate pr ecip iran on and progressively lower tem perarures as o ne travels north, but the pat tcrn go es tops y-rurvy m the West , wh ere swirling an d a nd se rn ran d zo nes abut coasta l regIOn s in fluenced by bot h ram-bean ng wind s and cool ocean currents. See photograp hs taken in di fferenr kinds of eli mates on pages 24- 25.
Hend erso n Lake C A N A DA<'
SOurces : Global Distribution of Originaland Remaining Forests, 2002 0" .1: · Ja" Apr Jul 1 Oct O· UNEPW CMC. World Soil Resources Map Index, USDAlNRCS. 2002 World De velo pment Indicarors. World Bank. 1999 United States Alabama . .. .. . Alaska * ~~ - }
100 Molokai Lanai.. Kahoola we .. /. MEXICO
a 250 500 km \ 100 200 km IS0'W 140'W 10S'W
Coast Ranges Sierra Nevada Great Basin Wasatch Range Mount Elbert irei 1 5 ,OOO ft . ---- -----------h~-k;T~h;;-----+-------------+------------------- I . ~ L---------~~--------.,---t'ft. . =----''----..1\.- & _ --
10,OOOft. - - - - - -- -i -- 5,OOOft. - - - - --- Sea level :.A.:.....---.,.. ~ _
· .. I 95'W 9WW
~River
d Hills
ATLANTIC OCEAN
-eat Plains Appalachian Mountains
________j -_c_h_e~fr~~k e De~~~---_
_ _ _ __ _ ~ - -------L---J-----F- -- ---s _C.. _ Temperature of Annual Precipitation Highest Lowest Highest Lowest State Land Area and Rank Highest Point Recorded Recorded Recorded Recorded 50,750 sq mi 2,405 ft _27 0 Alabama 28th Cheaha Mtn. 112 0 106.57" 22.00' 131,443 sq km 777 m
570,374 sq mi 20,320 ft _80 0 Alaska 1st Mt. McKinley 100 0 332 .29 " 1.61 " 1,477,268 sq km 6,194 m
113,642 sq mi 12,633 ft 128 0 -40 0 58.92 " 0.07" Arizona 6th Humphreys Peak 294,334 sq km 3,851 m
52,075 sq mi 2,753 ft 120 0 -29 0 98.55 " 19.11" Arkansas 27th Maga zine Mtn. 134,875 sq km 839 m
155,973 sq mi 14,494 ft 134 0 -45 0 153.54 " 0.00 " California 3rd Mt. Whitney 403,970 sq km 4,418 m
103,730 sq mi 14,433 ft 118 0 -61 0 92 .84 " 1.69 " Colorado 8th Mt. Elbert 268 ,660 sq km 4,399 m
4,845 sq mi south slope of 2,380 ft 105 0 _32 0 78.53" 23.60 " Connecticut 48th 12,550 sq km Mt. Frissell 725 m
1,955 sq mi Ebright Road at 448 ft Delaware 49th DE-PA border 110 0 -1r 72.75" 21.38" 5,063 sq km 137 m
53,997 sq mi Sec. 30, T.6N, R.20W 345 ft _2 0 Florida 26t h 109 0 112.43" 21.16' 139,85 2 sq km in Walton Co. 105 m
57,919 sq mi 4,784 ft Georgia 21st Brasstown Bald 112 0 -17 0 112.16" 17.14" 150,010 sq km 1,458 m
6,423 sq mi Pu'u We kiu, 13,796 ft Hawaii 47th 100 0 120 704 .83" 0.19" 16,637 sq km Mauna Kea 4,205 m
82,751 sq mi 12,662 ft Idaho 11th Borah Peak 118 0 -60 0 81.05 " 2.09 ' 214 ,325 sq km 3,859 m
55,593 sq mi 1,235 ft 117 0 _35 0 74.58" 16.59" Illinois 24th Charles Mound 143,987 sq km 376 m
35,870 sq mi Franklin Township 1,257 ft _35 0 Indiana 38th 116 0 97.38 " 18.67" 92,904 sq km in Wayne County 383 m
55,875 sq mi Sec . 29, T.100N, R.41W 1,670 ft 118 0 _47 0 74.50 " 12.11" Iowa 23rd 144,716 sq km in Osc eola Co. 509 m
81,823 sq mi 4,039 ft 4.77" Kansas 13th Mt. Sunflower 121 0 -40 0 67 .02 " 211 ,922 sq km 1,231 m
39,732 sq mi 4,139 ft Kent ucky 36th Black Mtn. 114 0 -34 0 79 .68 " 14.51" 102,907 sq km 1,262 m
43,566 sq mi 535 ft _16 0 113.74 " 26.44" Louisiana 33rd Driskill Mtn. 114 0 112,836 sq km 163 m
30,865 sq mi 5,267 ft _48 0 75.64 " 23.06" Maine 39th Mt. Katahd in 105 0 79,939 sq km 1,605 m
9,775 sq mi 3,360 ft 109 0 _40 0 72.59" 17.76" Maryland 42nd Backbo ne Mtn. 25,316 sq km 1,024 m
7,838 sq mi 3,487 ft 21.76" Massachusett s 45th Mt. Greylock 10r -35 0 72. 19 " 20,300 sq km 1,063 m
56,809 sq mi 1,979 ft 112 0 _51 0 64 .01" 15.64" Michigan 22nd Mt. Arvon 147,135 sq km 603 m 79,617 sq mi 2,301 ft Minnesota 14th Eagle Mtn. 114 0 -59 0 51.53 " 7.81" 206,207 sq km 701 m
46,9 14 sq mi 806 ft _19 0 104.36 " 25.97" Mississippi 31st Woodall Mtn. 1150 121,506 sq km 246 m
68,898 sq mi 1,772 ft 118 0 _40 0 92.77 " 16.14' Missouri 18th Taum Sauk Mtn. 178,446 sq km 540 m · ..
Temperature OF Annual Precipitation Highest Lowest Highest Lowest State Land Area and Rank Highest Point Recorded Recorded Recorded Recorded 145,556 sq mi 12,799 ft _70 0 Montana 4th Granite Peak 117 0 55.51 " 2.97 " 376,991 sq km 3,901 m
~ Nebraska 76,878 sq mi 199,113 sq km 15th Johnson Township in Kimball County 5,424 ft 1,653 m 118 0 _47 0 64. 52 " 6.30 "
109,806 sq mi 13,140 ft Nevada 7th Boundary Peak 125 0 -50 0 59.03" Trace 284,397 sq km 4,005 m
8,969 sq mi 6,288 ft New Hampshire 44th Mt. Washington 106 0 _46 0 130.14" 22.31" 23,231 sq km 1,917 m
7,419sqmi 1,803 ft New Jersey 46th High Point 110 0 - 34 0 85.99" 19.85" 19,215 sq km 550 m
121,365 sq mi 13,161 ft New Mexico 314,334 sq km 5th Wheeler Peak 4,011 m 122 0 -50 0 62.45" 1.00 "
47,224 sq mi 5,344 ft NewYork 30th Mt. Marcy 108 0 -52 0 82.06" 17.64 " 122,310 sq km 1,629 m
48,718 sq mi 6,684 ft _34 0 North Carolina 29th Mt. Mitchell 110 0 129.60" 22.69 " 126,180 sq km 2,037 m
68,994 sq mi 3,506 ft North Dakota 17th White Butte 121 0 -60 0 37.98" 4.0 2 " 178,695 sq km 1,069 m
40,953 sq mi 1,549 ft _39 0 Ohio 35th Campbell Hill 113 0 70.82" 16.96" 106,067 sq km 472 m
68,679 sq mi 4,973 ft Oklahoma 19th Black Mesa 120 0 -270 84.47" 6.53 " J 177,878 sq km 1,516 m
96,003 sq mi 11,239 ft _54 0 Oregon 10th Mt. Hood 119 0 168.88" 3.33" 248,647 sq km 3,426 m
44,820 sq mi 3,213 ft Pennsylvania 32nd Mt. Davis 111 0 -42 0 81.6 4" 15.71" 116,083 sq km 979 m
1,045 sq mi 812 ft Rh ode Island 2,707 sq km 50th Jerimoth Hill 104 0 -23 0 70.21 " 24.08" 247 m
30,111 sq mi Sassafras Mtn. 3,560 ft South Carolina 40th 111 0 -19 0 101 .65 " 20.73" 77,988 sq km 1,085 m
75,891 sq mi Harney Peak 7,242 ft _58 0 South Dakota 16th 120 0 48.42" 2.89" 196,575 sq km 2,207 m
41,220 sq mi Clingmans Dome 6,643 ft _32 0 Tennessee 34th 113 0 114.88" 25.23" 106,759 sq km 2,025 m
261,914 sq mi Guadalupe Peak 8,749 ft 1.64" Texas 2nd 120 0 -23 0 109.38" 678,358 sq km 2,667 m
82,168 sq mi Kings Peak 13,528 ft _69 0 Utah 12th 1170 108.54" 1.34 " 212,816 sq km 4,123 m 9,249 sq mi 4,393 ft _50 0 Vermont 43rd Mt. Mansfield 105 0 92.88" 22.98 " 23,956 sq km 1,339 m
35,598 sq mi 5,729 ft f Virginia 102,558 sq km 37th Mt. Rogers 1.746 m 1100 -30 0 81.78" 12.52 "
66,582 sq mi Mt. Rainier 14,410 ft Washington 20th 118 0 -48 0 184.56" 2.61" 172,447 sq km 4,392 m
24,087 sq mi Spruce Knob 4,861 ft West Virginia 41st 112 0 -370 94.01" 9.50 " 62,384 sq km 1,481 m
Wisconsin 54,314 sq mi 25th Timms Hill 1,951 ft 114 0 _54 0 62.07" 12.00 " 104,673 sq km 595 m
Wyoming 97,105 sq mi 9th Gannett Peak 13,804 ft 114 0 _63 0 55.46" 1.28" 251,501 sq km 4,207 m Divide
CANADA
ATLANTIC OCEAN
PACIFIC OCEAN
Gulf of Mexico
DIVIDE: The boundary or high ground between river systems, Srr eams In North Am erica a conrinenral divide called the Great Di vide o n one side of rh e divide flow in a different direcrion and into a runs along th e crest of th e Rocky Mounrains, d ividin g rivers that d ifferent drainage basin from th e strea ms on the other side. A flow ro the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean fro m th ose continental divide is the boundary that separates the rivers th at flow into the Pacific Oc ea n . An o rhe r much lower d ivide flowing roward opposite sid es of a continent. sep ar at es those rivers that flow north through Hudson Bay to the Arctic Oc ean . T riple Divide Peak m Montana IS located on bo rh these divides. Water from one side of rhis mountain flows eas r to th e Atlantic; from ano ther side water flo ws west ro rhe Pacific; and from th e norrh face , water flow s ro the Arcti c Oc ean.
rthquakes . ::', · Major earthquake ..... ..... . ...:-.:..:. MT ND ,-, · Other earthquake OR .... . ··I ~·. . .. . MN
....: .. ,- . . . i. . . . . . ~.!" ~: .. · WY · " IA .: ...·. : .. " . NV :... ,', NE . . . .. wv .. ': · .. IL IN I:: . . .. CA
-:. " .. . .... :" · :. 'UT . CO ' KS · : .' ':;'" . ... "
.. . .. . '" MO .. ·" . . .:. . .... . KY '
.. :. ~~:. '. I ~ NC ,': AZ '. .:: . \' NM OK ". . . .'. -r." .. .':::.:::' AR TN
.. · :. . . '. ..' The major earthquake!
TX . .. ' MS AL that have occurred in Californ ia are d istrib ,0 uted along the major Unit ed Ki ngdo m 12.01 Quadrillion BTU,
MISSOURI Pb ~ ~ KENTUCKY · 9' 7 SOurc e International Energy Database. U S Energy Inform ati on Adm,n,stratiOf'l
Pb Pb F. cu : V~ , ,.,y World 's Leading Energy Consumers, 1999
I' j TENN: -SEE v' China 31.88 Russia 26.01 u.s. 92.87
ARKA: : ; ~ Japan 21.71 Germany 13.98 Canada 12.52 Quadrillion BTU, GEORGIA .. , \M ISSISSIP PI Q> SOurce. Int ernati o nal Energy Databas e, U.S. Energy Infor mation Ad m in istrat io n
,~ ALABAMA U.S. Percentag e of World Fuel Production, 2000 o ~ ~ Unit ed \S LOUISI ANA St ates World
~ Coal 23.2%
Pet roleum 8.9%
Nat ural gas 22.0%
SOurce' M inerals Yearbook. U S, Geolo gic al Survey : Inte rnatio nal Energy Annual. U.S Energy Infor mation Adrr\in,sv ation
Leadin g Petroleum Producing States, 1999 Leading Natural Gas Producing States, 1999 Leading Coal Producing States, 2000 TX $7,767 TX $14,106 WY 338.9 AK$4,829 LA $11,649 WV 158.3 CA $3,844 OK $3,223 KY 104.9
LA $2,128 NM $3,191 PA 74.6
OK $1,254 WY $1,621 TX 18.2 NM $1,124 Va l ue in-"'~,",,'=~' CO $1,436 MT 38.4 Million short t ons
Source: Na tural Gas Annual, U,S. E:.ne rgy InforlT'ation Ad ministra tion SOurce ' Coa l Ind ustry Annual 2000. U.S. E:.nergy Informat ion Ad ministrat ion Source' Pet ro leum Supp ly Annual, U S, E:.ner gy lofceroeticn Ad n"lf1istrat io n ,r)P' 0
Transport at ion Limited access (free)
Limit ed access (tol l)
Primary highway
Amtrak
Time zone boundary
~ Int erstate hig hway
® U.S. highway
® St at e hig hway
@ Nat ional capita l
St at e capital * @ O the r city
~ Population Pe rsons pe r Pe rso ns pe r sq . mile sq . km a ve' 1040 Over 400 520 to 1039 200 to 399 WA 260 to 519 100 to 199 130 to 259 SO to 99 25 to 129 10to 49 MT ND 1 to 24 1 to 9 Under 1 Under 1 OR I-- _ Major cit ies · Ov er 1 million ID · 500.000 to 1 million · 250,000 to 500,000 SD
WY U.S. Resident Population 300 __
J 'E 250 - -- ---c:>.e=-- - - - --, NE
c g 200 .~
'S a. d" 150 -- . , ,
- - - - - -- - I I Denver
CO A urora
I ~ · Co lorado
----- Spring s KS 100 I I I I I I Las Veg as 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 - I Wie I -
> Population per Square Mile
I I 80 - - -- -- -- - ..... ,Oklahoma
I AZ Ibuq uerque
,; Phoeni l Cit\" San Diego NM I esa
Ft. Wort a Arlin TX
10 -- ---=->;;., . . - - - - - Austin
o I I' I' 1" '1 " '1 ' AK 1790 1830 1870 1910 1950 1990
Source: U 5 Ce nsus Bureau " Honolulu·
HI a \ "
Distribution of Population by Region: 1900, 1950, 2000 1900 1950 2000
Source ; u.s. Cens us Bureau 20 Largest Cities, 2000 Population City 2000 1990 Change 1 New York 8,008,2 78 7,322,564 9.4% 2 Los Angeles 3,694,820 3,48 5,398 6.0% 3 Chicago 2,896 ,016 2,783 ,726 4.0% 4 Houston 1,953,631 1,630 ,553 19.8% 5 Philadelphia 1,517,550 1,585,577 -4.3% 6 Phoenix 1,321,045 983,403 34.3% 7 San Diego 1,223,400 1,110,549 10.2% 8 Dallas 1,188,580 1,006,877 18.0% 9 San Antonio 1,144 ,646 935,933 22 .3% 10 Detroit 951 ,270 1,027,974 -7.5% 11 San Jose 894,943 782,248 14.4 12 Indianapolis 79 1,926 74 1,952 6.7% KS 13 San Francisco 776,733 723,959 7.3% 14 Jacksonville 735,617 635,230 15.8% Nichit a . 15 Columbus 71 1,470 632,910 12.4% 16 Austin 656,562 465,622 41% 17 Baltimore 65 1,154 736,014 -11.5% 18 Memphis 650, 100 610,337 6.5% ,Tulsa oma 19 Milwaukee 596,974 628 ,088 -5.0% City 20 Boston 589,141 574,283 2.6% OK AR Source: u.s. Census Bureau
alias MS AL Vort Arl ingto
LA Percent Change in State Population ti n 1990-2000
~ More than 30% inc rease 10.0 to 14.9% Increase 25.0 to 30% increase 5.0 to 9.9% increase 20.0 to 24.9% increase a to 4.9% Increase U.S. Center of Population 15.0 to 19.9% increase Decrease
The center of u.s. populati on IS the cen te r o f "po p ulatio n gr211fy, " or [he po int o n wh ich [he U. S. wo uld bal ance If ir were a rigi d plan e, assu nll ng all mdividuals weigh the same and exert influenc e p rop orti onal to [h eir di stance from a cen tr al P0l!1 L
2000
FL
Source: U.S. Census Bureau Source U.S. Census Bureau Per Capita Income Per capita per son al income* in do llars
$24,000 and above WA $ 18,000 to $24,000
$14,000 to 18,000
$ 12,000 to $ 14,000
$6.000 to $12,000
MT ND Not report ing
OR "Per cao.ta pe rsonal Inco me is the mean average Incom e co mp ut ed fo r every man, wo man, and child in a ( p articula r area. It 1$ d erived by d ivid Ing the ro ral income o f a part icular area by the tot al popu lation of that area. The areas used in th IS map are the co untie s and county eq uivalents.
Based on latest availab le dat a. WY
Source: Bureau of Econo mic Ana lysis,
U S. Cen sus Bu reau
NE San Francisc o
San Jo se-
CA Denver · CO Earnings by Gender KS Male $40,257
Female $23,551
Earnings by Race ..... Los Angeles · Whit e AZ M ale $41,598 " \. Female $23,756 · Phoenix NM Black Male $28,821 Female $21,694 Dall Hisp anic Male $24,970 TX Female $18,187
Source Cu rre n l Popu /arron Reports, u.s Censvs Bureau. 2000 ALASKA
San Antonio.
-- Earnings ............. ~...
by Education Level $100,000 , -- -- - - - -- - - - - - - - -- - -
$80,000 f-- - - -- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - ,,.-
$60,000 f - - - -- - - -- - - - - -- - - ,I -- -
$40,000 f-- - -- - - - - - - - ,, ,""--- - - - -
$20.000 ~-,..,.--~~~1111""'~~=~---------
No hig h High Some A SSOci at e 's Bachelor's Master' s Doctorate schoo l school coll ege dip loma Source: Correot Population Reports, U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 · ..
Luxembourg $36,400 United States $36,200 Bermuda $33,000 San Marino $32,000 Switzerland $28,600 Aruba $28,000 Norway $27,700 Monaco $27,000 Singapore $26,500 Denm ark $25,500 MS Belg ium $25,30 0 Austr ia $25,000 Jap an $24,900 Canada $24,800 Iceland $24,800 France $24,400 Neth erland s $24,400 Ge rmany $23,400 *estimated ,2ooo Aust ralia $23,200 Source: TheWorld Faetbook2000. CIA
Persons Below the Poverty Level
~ 30% and above Pove rty level is based on the incom e a house hold 25% to 30% needs so that no more than a third of inco me must be used for adeq uate food . House holds 20% to 25% with incomes below this le vel are conside red to 15% to 20% be poor. The U.s . governmen t adj usts the pover 10% to 15% ty leve l accord ing to house hold size, and revises Less than 10% it each year for changes in the cost of living .
Source: Census 2000. U.S. Census Bureau Canada D International boundary D Provincial boundary @ National capital · Area: 3,511,022 square miles (9,093,507 square kilometers) * Other captial l!I ... Symbol and label sizes md icate relative sizes of cities: · Highest Point: Mt. Logan , 19,551 ft. (5,959 m)
Canada · Toront o · Lowest Point: sea level HI Vancouver
Sault Ste Mer.e · Longest River: Mackenzie , 1,023 mi. (1,730 km)
· Largest Lake: Great Bear La ke, 12,096 sq. mi. (31 ,328 sq. km)
· Largest City: Toronto, Ontario , 2,481,494 (city population)
' \ Quebec \~~'5(-,." ~ aI 250 500 mi All offshore island s in ' , Hudson Bay.j am es Bay, Ungava Bay. a 250 500 krn and Hu dson Stra it are part of
Nu navut
~'X Lab r a d o r Sea
1400w ~E W: I~ PI
'lVDI. Newfoundland -1 and Labrador ,' l~~
... \ St-Pierre & Miquelon (Fr .)
I - Prin ce Ed ward Island - lil1l ~ ~ == .-, , Alberta t Sask a tch ewan Manitoba Nova Sco tia Ontario New Brunswick Internatio nal boundary Provincial bo undary Mountain peak
~lS0OW
Labrador J?0"" Sea
SOOW
,UHUC
~ LlB EJUA I:Q UATO RIAL SOMA LI.\ Sout h Africa 3,955 GUINE A · REP. OF T H E , SAUTOM E ANU · CO NGO RWA..···mA ~K E N Y A PRi N CIPE GABON D E M . R EP . o r\ fJ..J T H E C O N G O \ IURUNDI ) Cll.binda A Seyche lles 1.867 (Ango ld) T AN ZAN IA Gross Domestic S E Y C.HE L LE S Namibia 1,084
Product AN GO LA MA! W1 CO MO RO '.. Zimbab we 611
GDP per capita ZAMB IA Came roon 204
ES KWh (kilowatt hours) per person per year Over $20,000 Z'M8AR"MOZAM8' QtlE $10,000 to $20,000 $5,000 to $9,999 QTSWANA iE . M j\URJ 'lJ US Source: World Pecrooor. CIA.2001
$2,500 to $4,999 ....T SW AZ I LA N D Under $2,500 No data SOUTH AF R JV 'Sf L ESO T H O us Source: World secrocoe. CIA, 2001 · ,> · & Constantine
Agriculture su p p lies t h e liveli hood for t h e Tangier
/ '-' o ro cc o AI~s ~. I. Rabat -;:;. Oran Casablanca III A III III r"\ Tunis A ·A L-l, / n jNlslA ,
r-: Beng haz i~ ' i:""l ' A1. d. " ' .... exan ria :J vast majority o f Afr icans. Agncu lt u ra l \11 .m al exports inclu d e coffee , cocoa beans , pean uts, ~:7? 1 ALGERIA(.) A; Tripoli l-~A "- palm oil, and s p ices. T h ese impo rtant ex po rt Sah a ra LI BYA crops are ma in ly cu ltiva te d o n p ianrari ons (M oro cco) and large far ms. Areas o f s u bsi stence farrru ng ( fill supply the need s of lo cal co m m un ines. CAPE MAURITANIA Unfort u na tely, p o or so ils a nd un favo rab le climate co nd itio ns, as we ll as p olitical unres t , V!'RDE l MALI @ Dakar 0 N IGER CHA D Khartoum EIUTRE1
~ T@ and unstab le eco no mies , a ll h ave an adverse SENEGAL M~~wa GAMBIA - BURKINA SUD AN ~ impact on ag ncu ltural ac t ivity a n d t he re fo re GUINEA -: llISSAU ~ IM\GUINEA 'B ENI N
I'ASO Addis DliBOUT ~ 7 the standard of hvin g. Conakry GHANA Ababa Minerals acco u n t for m o re t he n o n e h alf SIERRA' @ TOGO
ofAfrica's expo rts. Oil, d ia m onds, go ld, LEONE F. Abidjanfi!l::l9 t:::i.. Lagos 0 CENTRAL AI'RlCAN ET HIO PI A ~'I_e_a- LIBERIA j, A - ~ _\II ~ CAM ER ON REPUBLIC cobalt, and seve ra l o ther m ine ra ls a re leadi n g exports. However , Im portan t m in e ra l COTE ~EQUATOlU i\LUGANDA SOMALIA D'lVOlRE GUINEA . fi2:i K,sanganl Kampala K E N Y~ deposirs are lim ired to a h a n d fu l o f SAO TOME AND 'GABONREP. Ol'THE RWANDA I Kisurnu countries. PRINCI PE A 0 CONGO 0 ' O~ 9 Nairobi Manufact urin g h as been s lo w to d evelop j, O EM. REP. O F BURUNDI Mombasa on the conn nent. Lack of m o n ey a n d s ki lle d pOinte_NOi: re \ K ins~:':E CO NGO ~" .: ' Cabinda 'if Dar es Salaam · labor are th e rnam d eterrents. ( Angola ) j, 9 0 TANZANIA. SEY C,HEL LES ANGO LA 0 Likasi COMOROS ' ~ IA Lubumbashi 0 MAcA\l1 '., fill ZAM nH 0 Land Use and Resources O . Q NA Q fi!l::l Harare Predominant land use Major resources 9ZIMBABWE MuADAGASCAR MAURIJIUS BOTSWANAQ P ret~:i~ AMBIQUE ' D Commercial agriculture Q Coal Uranium § / O Q
Livestock ranching (.) Natural gas Bauxite
@ ~SWAZ I IAND Subsistence agriculture A Oil Diamonds -.J:). A~ Q / Johannesburg fi!l::l Gold Other minerals o ':10 JVE S Bangalore 5,687,000 n Hyderabad 5,534,000
]; Indonesia Jakarta 9,374,000
s Bandung 5,919,000
Estimated 2002 Population (in millions) l: Bogor 5,000,000 China 1,284 Malang 3,174,000 t India 1,046 Iran Tehran 6,759,000 _ _ _ ._._ _...... ...__ ,.,J Indonesia 232 Mashhad 1,887,000
\ Pakist an 148 Iraq Baghdad 4,336,000 Banglade sh 133 Israel J apan 127 Tel Aviv -Jaffa 2,595,000 Jerusalem 628,000 Philippin es 85 Japan _ _ _- ' Vietnam 81 Tokyo 12,059,000 Yokohama 3,427 ,000 Osaka 2,599,000 Nagoya 2,171,000 Sapporo 1,822,000 Kobe 1,494,000 Thailan d 62 Kyoto 1,468,000 Pukuoka 1,341,000 South Korea 48 Kawasaki 1,250,000 Hiroshima 1,126,000 All oth er coun tr ies 365
Jordan Sou rce: If.S. Cens us Bueau Amman 1,147,000
Kazakhstan Almaty 1,129,000 laos Myanmar ( Burma ) Philippines Singapore Thailand Uzbekistan Vientiane 331,000 Yango n Manila 9,933,000 Singapo re 4,131,000 Bangkok 6,320,000 Tashkent 2,142,000 North Korea (Rangoon) 4,101,000 P'yongyang 2,741,000 Lebanon Qatar SriLanka Turkey ( Asian ) Vietnam Beirut 1,500,000 Nepal Doha 264,000 Colombo 642 ,000 Ankara 3,203,000 HoChi Minh SouthKorea ( core city only) Kathmandu 421,000 lzrnir 2,232,000 City 4,990,000 Seoul 9,854,000 Malaysia Russia(Asian) Syria Hanoi 2,464,000 Susan 3,655 ,000 Kuala Lumpur 1,379,000 Oman Novosibirsk 1,400,000 Halab (Aleppo) 1,813,000 Turkmenistan Daegu 2,474,000 Muscat 477,000 Yekaterinburg 1,314,000 Damascus 1,394,000 Ashgabat 407,000 Yemen Maldives Omsk 1,177,000 Sanaa 927,000 Kuwait Male 74,000 Pakistan Chelyabinsk 1,111,000 Taiwan United Arab Intemationalcomparabilityofpop Kuwait 193,000 Karachi 9,339,000 Taipei 2,720,000 Emirates ulation data is limited by varying Mongolia Lahore 5,143,000 Saudi Arabia Abu Dhabi 904,000 censusmethods. VVhere metro Kyrgyzstan Ulaanbaatar 760,000 Faisalabad 2,009,000 Riyadh 2,776,000 Tajikistan poUtan population is unavailable, Bishkek 753,000 Islamabad 529,000 Jeddah 2,046,000 Dushanbe 529,000 core city population;s shown. .. .
Gross Domestic Pro duc t is a m ea sure o f rh e total goo ds Electricity Use Kuwait and services generated by a country. Gen era lly, manu Gross Domestic imuring, high-tech services, an d specialized agricu l- United Arab Emirates 14,177 14,377 Product rural producrs add mo re value t h an raw m ateri- GDP per capita Unit e d Stat e s ~san d basic food sru ffs. T he hi gh -rec h and 12,407 oilproducing cou ntries o n t he frin ges o f Over $20,000 Asia are the excep tio n s in rhi s gener $10,000 to $20,000 ~Iy poor contine n t. $5,000 to $9,999 R u A $2,500 to $4,999 Less than $2,500 No data Japan Source: World Factbook. CtA. 2001 7,470
Israe l 5,372
China Ind ia 851 MALDI VES 442 Laos 31_ KWh (kilowatt hours) per person per year Source: World Factbook. CIA. 2001
Agriculture is the p redo m in ant lan d use In Asia , rhou gh on ly o ne- sixth of th e land IS arable. Wer grain s, such as ne e, are t he pnncipal crops of China an d South east Asian A' Q ~ R ·
r Y.. countries. Dry gr ai ns, su ch as wh eat, are gro wn In lim ited ar eas o f Ru ssia and Land Use and China. A lack of m ode rn farm in g m et h ods , exce p r In j apan, Ru ssia , an d Israel, Resources I ~;\!,~rica lly lim ited food production. Ho wever, pro- .' ~ . LJ . ,. Pred ominant land use ducrion is increas in g in so m e co u n t ries as govern - p. ' . '17 menrs supply rhe needed rechn ology. T he ru gged ~ .- ~. . D Commercialagriculture landand climate in Northe rn , Centra l an d ([ ~ .;.f' ~ Nomadic herding Southwesr Asia Iim irs lan d use ro n omad ic Subsistence agriculture herding. Here, ani m als sup ply food, sh el Primarily forestland flD,
ler, clothing , and rra n sp orra rio n. R Q u s s A D Limited agricultural activity ~ Q A Major resources Q Coal to! Natural gas A Oil
okyc · M Gold Forest products
§J. Silver ili::, Iron ore ill Uranium @ Bauxite 9 Diamonds cs Other minerals ~ Fishing
· Major manufacturing and trade cente rs
Most Asian count ries ha ve an
Insignificant num ber of man u fac
lUringjobs relarive ro o th er occu pa ·
· nons.Japan, Sou th Ko rea, Taiwan,
MALD rvES China,and Singa pore are excep ti o ns. Natural resou rces ar e Asia's m ost Iffiportant export . The o il fiel ds of Southwesr ASia su p p ly much o f th e ~'o rld' s energy needs. Sou t he ast Asia su p p lies t h e World wit h ItS un , an d coal is plentiful in are as o f Russia , Ch ina and India. The lack of processin g tacilities limirs many Asian co u ntries in th e use of th eir resources. Asia has many clima res. T his ca n be expec red on a land m ass rha r covers an area fro m below rhe Equ ator Climate Graphs co rh e Arcric O cea n and from rhe Medirerr anean Sea co Averag e d aily Average mo nthly te mper ature precip itation rhe Pacific Oce an . Wearher co nd irions flu cruate from range {in "Fl (in inches)
~~~h rhe su b-freezin g remperarures and sno w of rh e run dr a climare in No rr he rn Russia, rh rough rhe m o re rem per ';::] ( [::: are h umid con n nen rai climate, pasr rh e arid co ndi 0' O' nons of Sou rh wesr a nd Cen tral ASia, a nd finally co rhe warm an d wet zo nes of So ur h an d Southeast Asia. AlMATY. Kazakhstan See ph ocogr ap hs rak en In d ifferenr kin ds of clima tes 0 =. =[:: o n pages 24-25 . 10os''] R Jr - D· · O' Jan Ap' Jul Oct
BEIRUT, Lebanon
okyo I ~l l -:- Jan Ap, Jul =[:: · Oct O'
COLOMBO, Sri Lanka
,'/ 100'j _ _ ==[20' os . ~ 10' J2' D· O' Jan Apr J ul Oct
DHAKA , Bangladesh
100'j T"'"'l z::::::;: [20' Climate I II 10' · J2'
OS" 0' O'
D · f Trop ical wet Humid subt rop ical Jan Apr Jul Oct
Tro pical wet and d ry Hum id cont inental r4f;"" J' HONG KONG. China
Arid Semiarid D D Subarctic D ' ~;~ST . . E S ... ' o/- I " '-".. A,
ft. (' l:J2' j . -- I I I [20' 10'
· Tund ra · TI MO R r · ..".-... ·
D Med iterranean High land D· Jan Apr Jul Oct O'
JAKARTA. Indonesia
1 ~~: l J _ = [20' J~: I · · :~ . Annual Precipitation Jan Apr Jul Oct
Centimeters Inches NEW DELHI , India The co unr nes of Sour h and 203 80
1~~: 1 _ _ _ Over Over 152 to 203 60 to 80
So u theast Asia expe rienc e rhe mosr rainfall. T his ra in fall occurs r=l= [20' 10'
102 to 152 40 to 60 primarily between rhe monr hs of J2' I 00 - O· S1 to 102 20 to 40 April a nd O ct ob er. Warm , moisr Ja n Apr J ul Oct
25 to 51 10 to 20 winds from rh e so urh, called RIYADH, Saudi Arabia Under 25 Und er 10
R u Mon soo ns, bnn g rhe rain to t his part of rh e co nr ine nr and also 1::1 _- --[: :: 32' pil e snow deepl y upo n rhe pe aks D· O' Jan Apr Jul Oct of rh e Himalayas . T he Mo nsoons d o nor reach rh e inrerior of rhe TEHRAN, Iran
co nri ne n r, which remains d ry rhro ug ho u r rh e year. T he dri esr co unr ries are III rh e so u thwest.
TIANJIN, China ,"
10ss-0'] _ ,--" [20'- 10' 32' I 00 - O· Jan Apr Jul Oct
TOKYO, Japa n
1~~ 1 __ -I [20'10' J2' ,,--, 00 ---:- Ja n I I Apr J ul Oct O·
YAKUTSK, Russia
1~~3 2 :~ j ~;Jf~ T,m p ---, [:: : _ 00 _4 5,-=~~~__---,_ O. Jan Api Jul Oct " ..
Ith ly T he contin en r's vegera rion is as ti on hes) Veget at ion vaned as irs clim are, ranging fro m rh e lush rropi cal vegera
[ ~: : O· · Unclassified highland s or ice cap
Tundra and alpin e tund ra rion of rhe Sour h , Sourheas r, and Easr Asian co untries co rh e Coniferous forest sparse vegera rion of Russia's Mid latltude decid uous for est vast areric t u n d ra, r20 " See phorographs of rhe di ffer Subtro pical broad leaf everg reen ~ 10 · forest ent kinds of vegerarion on pages Mixed forest 26 -27. Mid lant ude scrub
Mldl at itu de grassland
Desert
Tropical seasonal and scrub D Tropical rain for est
'20 " D Tropical savanna
10·
'0"
'20 ·
10"
·0 ·
' 20· Environment al Issues ' 10 · · Current forest O· o Cleared forest ~ Area at high est risk of desert ificati on 20·
10· D Areas most affe cted by acid rain · Poor air q uality ' 0" ,. Asia's h igh popu lat ion dens iries 'Cue s exceed mg ar reast one 0' th e Wo rld He alth have led co a mulrirude of env i OrganJzanon s (WHO) a nnua l m ean g u rd e lmes for dlr quality ronm ental problem s, includi n g 20 " Sources Global Dlstrrbutlo n of 0 6gmal and Remaining Forests, polluti on , d eforestation, over fish UNEP·WCMC, 2002 10 · World Sorl Resources Map Ind ex, USDAJNRCS, 2002 ing , and war er sho rt ages. Wirh World Developme nTIndicato rs, World Bank. 1999 0" rapid po pulation growrh , pr es su res o n land and war er resources will o nly conrinue co in creas e. In !O. wesrern Asia, desertificari on and 0" gro un d warer issu es are rh e mo sr pr essm g co ncerns. Mo st land in rhe region IS eirher cur renrly des ert o r IS vulnerable co beco m )" m g desert in rh e fu ru re, and )" wat er IS bein g wit hdrawn mo re quickly rhan ir can be rep laced .
1"
n .'HILIPPIN ES M an jl~~~
i~ MA l D IVES .. 150"E 165°W 165"E .. . Hawaiian I~ 180° (U.S.) Wake/. oV 150'W Northe (U.S.) Mariana Is. Johnsto n I. (U.S.) (U.S.)
15" N - 1 · ~ i I .1 I 15'N r ur Guam Z 0
135°E MARSHALL ::J Allislands east of 180 with in the (u.S.) I I w Philippin '!...I , Republic of Kiribati observethe same IS'L ANDS date as the Islands west of 180·, eve n ~ Sea o PACIFIC OCEAN thou gh t hey are posit ioned on