Tallinn 2013 Ott Speek Subject: English Geodesy Study group: GI-21b PETROLEUM PRESENTATION Petroleum (L. petroleum, from Greek: Πέτρα (rock) + Latin: oleum (oil) is a naturally occurring flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface. The name Petroleum covers both naturally occurring unprocessed crude oils and petroleum products that are made up of refined crude oil. A fossil fuel, it is formed when large quantities of dead organisms, usually zooplankton and algae, are buried underneath sedimentary rock and undergo intense heat and pressure. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling. This comes after the studies of structural geology (at the reservoir scale), sedimentary basin analysis, reservoir characterization (mainly in terms of porosity and permeable structures). It is refined and
Pipeline transport Contents Who suggested to use pipe first for transporting petroleum? Pipeline construction Products that can be carried by pipeline Pipelines by purpose Pigging Advatages of pipelines Challenges of pipelines Accidents Three longest pipelines in the world Nord Stream pipeline First man who suggested to use pipe for transporting petroleum: Dmitri Mendeleev In 1863 Petroleum Pipeline construction Route (right of way) Selection Surveying the route Clearing the route Trenching - Main Route and Crossings (roads, rail, other pipes, etc.) Installing the pipe Installing valves, intersections, etc. Covering the pipe and trench What can transport through the pipeline? Liquids Gases Solid capsules The most popular and valuable: Oil Natural gas A pipeline carries Biofuels crude oil
Anastassia Sevtsenko The Republic of Ireland Northern Ireland Climate January and February are the coldest months of the year. Temperatures 4 - 7 °C July and August are the warmest. Temperatures 14 - 16 °C Ethnic groups Natural resources natural gas petroleum peat copper lead limestone silver President of Ireland Mary McAleese Currency Before the introduction of the euro notes and coins in January 2002, Ireland used the Irish pound. Export goods machinery and equipment computers chemicals pharmaceuticals animal products Import goods data processing equipment machinery and equipment chemicals petroleum and petroleum products textiles clothing THANK YOU FOR
SÕNAD! täiteaine-aggregate Sideaine-binder Toornafta-crude oil Bituumen(põhja-A)- Bituumen mujal maailmas-bitumen Pressitud killustikkate-macadam Osake-particle Maardla-mineral deposit Puhastatud, rafineeritud jääk- a Regined residue Defineeri sõnad? Asphalt-“Asphalt” is a dark brown to black, highly viscous, hydrocarbon produced from petroleum distillation residue. This distillation can occur naturally, resulting in asphalt lakes, or occur in a petroleum refinery using crude oil. Slurry-Slurry seal involves a creation of mixture of asphalt emulsioon and fine crushed aggregate that is Spread on the surface of a road chip seal-Chip seal involves spraying the road surface with asphal emulsions followed by crushed rocks or gravel Heat island-The term "heat island" describes built up areas that are hotter than nearby rural areas.
About 33 percent of all plant matter is cellulose. The cellulose content of cotton is 90 percent, while wood's is 50 percent. [7] · Keemiline koostis sõltub sellest, mis plastiga on tegemist. Suurem osa polümeere saadakse toorõlist saadavatest süsinikest. See tähendab, et need on sünteetilised. Kuid samuti on võimalik valmistada naturaalseid polümeere looduslikest molekulidest. · n the United States, plastics are made from liquid petroleum gases (LPG), natural gas liquids (NGL), and natural gas. LPG are by-products of petroleum refining, and NGL are removed from natural gas before it enters transmission pipelines. · In 20101, about 191 million barrels of LPG and NGL were used in the United States to make plastic products in the plastic materials and equal to about 2.7% of total U.S. resins industry, petroleum consumption. Of those 191 million barrels, 190 million
Sales (%) Average Sales BP 239,27 59% + Chevron 159,29 39% - ExxonMobil 275,56 68% + General Electric 156,78 38% - PetroChina 157,22 39% - Royal Dutch Shell 278,19 68% + Sinopec-China Petroleum 208,47 51% - Total 160,68 39% - Wal-Mart Stores 408,21 100% + Maximum Sales 408,21 Average Sales 227,07 Sales 0 100 200 300 400 500
Hydropower is energy derived from the movement of water in rivers and oceans,it can be used to generate electricity using turbines, or can be used mechanically to do useful work. It is a very common resource. Besides these , there are a lot more renewable resources such as animals, plants, forrests and so on. Non-renewable resources: Some resources take hundreds, thousands and even millions of years to be made. These are called non-renewable resources like coal , oil shale, petroleum, natural gases, rocks. Natural gas- is a gas consisting mostly of methane. It is used to produce electricity and heat, to produce different products like fertilisers, glass, plastic, it can also be used as a fuel to our cars. Petroleum is a liquid that can be found in earth's crust. It is used as fuel and as a raw material in chemical industry. It is very important we use renewable and non-renewable resources wisely. If a resource is
Multidivisjoniline struktuur Anna Agu Veronika Telpt Struktuur, milles toetuse funktsioonid on paigutatud erinevatesse jaotustesse. Tavaliselt, kasutavad organisatsioonid, mille tooted on väga erinevad ja see töötab mitmetes erinevates tööstusvaldkondades. Firma koosneb mitmest erinevatest oma suunade järgi spetsialiseerunud alajaotistest (osadest). Nendel on olemas autonoomia oma otsustest ja lahendustest omavad oma käsutuses raamatupidajaid ja marketingi töötajaid. Juhtkond tegeleb planeerimisega ja nende alajaotisteste töö koordineerimisega hindab tulemusi. Multidivisjooniline struktuur lahendab 2 peamist probleemi: Ressurside parem jaotus Top-mänedzerite kõrged palgad Positiivsed näited General Electric (Jack Wealce ajal) Hanson (lord Hansoni ajal) Emerson Electric (Charlie Night ajal) British Petroleum (John Broun) Aitäh !!!
...57 16.3 How is Natural Gas Measured?................................................................................57 16.4 How Is Natural Gas Used?....................................................................................... 57 ..............................................................................................................................................58 16.5 How Does Natural Gas Impact the Environment? .................................................. 58 PETROLEUM (OIL)......................................................................................................... 59 17.1 Where Do We Get Our Oil?..................................................................................... 59 17.2 What Fuels Are Made From Crude Oil?...................................................................60 17.3 How Does Oil Impact The Environment?................................................................60
: . , -- , (OPEC, The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) -- , . , . 10--14 1960. , , , ( ). , , : (1961), (1962--2008), (1962), (1967), (1969), (1971), (1973--1992, 2007), (1975--1994), (2007). 13 , , 2007 .: ]. 2008 . (), 1 1965 ().
Polümeer-ained mille suured molekulid koosnevad väga paljudest enamasti üksteisega seotud väikeste Molekulide jääkidest või lõikudest.nafta- majapidamisgaas,bensiin,petroleum,diislikütus,määrdeõlid,parafiin, Bituumen.-alkaanid,destillatsioon.vettõrjuvad,lahus,mare,kütus,asphalt,kreemid.süsiniku allotroopsed Teisendid-allotroopia-keemilise elemendi esinemine mitme lihtainena,alotrobid-puhas lihtaine.teemant, Grafiit,grafeen,fullereenid.alotrop põlemine-CH4+2O2-2CO2,vingugaas-2CO2+O2- 2CO2,süsihappegaas- C+O2-CO2,süsihape-CO2+H2O-H2CO3,metalliga-fe2o3+co-fe+co2, saamine-metanooli-ch4+o2- ch3-oh Co2+h2-ch3-oh, Etanooli-c6h12o6-ch3-ch2-oh+co2 elutähtsad-
States Dollars) or India’s 356 or EU's 331 billion dollar output. USA is also very rich in natural resources. The US has some of the biggest sources of crude oil and natural gas, which also makes it the world’s biggest producer of Oil and Gas. These advantages also influence the industries. Some of USA’s main industry products are petroleum, motor vehicles, aerospace and consumer goods, which are basically impossible to produce without Gas or Oil. The petroleum and fuel oil also make 7.6 % of the country’s exports. Even though the US is the biggest crude oil producer, it can’t satisfy its own industrial and commercial needs. Country has to import crude oil and does it massively, it makes roughly 18% of country’s total imports.
could solve it? Air, water, and land pollution rank among Estonia's most significant environmental challenges. The combination of 300,000 tons of dust from the burning of oil shale by power plants in the northeast part of the country and airborne pollutants from industrial centers in Poland and Germany poses a significant hazard to Estonia's air quality. Estonia's water resources have been affected by agricultural and industrial pollutants, including petroleum products, which have also contaminated the nation's soil. Some rivers and lakes within the country have been found to contain toxic sediments in excess of 10 times the accepted level for safety. The nation's land pollution problems are aggravated by the 15 million tons of pollutants that are added yearly to the existing 250 million tons of pollutants. In 1994, 24,000 acres of the country's total land area were affected. Radiation levels from the nuclear accident at Chernobyl exceed
However, environmental concerns and increased regulation have led many Canadian mining companies to shift exploration elsewhere. Latin America is becoming a favorite choice for Canadian mining companies. While overall mineral production is dispersed throughout Canada, fuel production is concentrated in the west, with a few major exceptions. Canada is a major exporter of energy and fuels. In 1998, natural gas was the main export with 34.2 percent of total, petroleum was next at 28.6 percent, hydroelectricity at 20.7 percent, coal at 11.4 percent, and atomic energy at 5.1 percent. The United States has traditionally been Canada's largest market for energy exports, purchasing 90 percent of the nation's fuel and energy exports. Energy production accounts for 8 percent of the nation's economy. Approximately 65 percent of energy production is in Alberta, which is also the home of the nation's oil industry. The number-two producer was British
Kaasaegsetel gaasipliitidel on elektroonilised süüteregulaatorid, mis sulgevad gaasi, kui põletis pole tuld. Kuna gaas on kergesüttiv aine, siis on gaasipliidi kasutamine seotud plahvatus- ning tuleohuga. Nõukogude Liidus lõpetati gaasipliitide paigaldamine uuetele korteritele 1975. (http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pliit) Autogaas Gaasi kasutatakse ka autode puhul. Lihtsamalt öeldes on Autogaas „tõlge“, mida me kasutame LPG (liquid petroleum gas) kohta – mootorsõiduki kütus. Autogaasil on kõik samad omadused kui kodumajapidamiste kütmisel ja kaubanduslikul otstarbel kasutataval gaasil. Kuid kui autogaasi kasutatakse sõidukites, kaasneb sellega muljetavaldav kokkuhoid bensiinimootorites ja tubli efektiivsuse kasv diiselmootorites (ca 30%). Tavaliselt kasutatakse autogaasi kahesüsteemsel mootoril ehk siis on võimalik sõita nii autogaasi kui ka bensiiniga. Sõidukid on varustatud nii bensiini kui ka autogaasi
Traditional field sports Gaelic football- The game Hurling Similiar to hockey is like a mix of a soccer and but played on a field. rugby. Flag and religion o Irish flag is a vertical tricolour of green, white, and orange. o About 90 % of the people are Roman Catholics St. Patrick's Cathedral The Irish flag Natural resources The primary natural resources of Ireland, include natural gas, petroleum, peat, copper, lead, dolomite, barite, limestone, gypsum, silver and some zinc Ireland has no coal. Gypsum mine Limestone pavement Presidents of Ireland Ireland has had 8 presidents , current president is Mary Patricia McAleese. Mary Therese Winifred Mary Patricia McAleese Robinson Food and drinks
affairs are administered by the Netherlands (which comprises roughly 98% of the Kingdom's land area. Geography The Kingdom of the Netherlands covers 42,519 square kilometres. The Kingdom of the Netherlands has land borders with Belgium, Germany, and France. About one quarter of the Netherlands lies below sea level. Economy and natural rsources GDP (2011): $705.7 billion. GDP growth (2011 est.): 1.6%. GDP per capita (2011): $ 42,300. Natural resources: Natural gas, petroleum, fertile soil. Agriculture (2% of GDP) Industry (24% of GDP) services (74% of GDP) Politics The Kingdom of Netherlands is a Parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarch.The monarch is the head of state, at present queen Beatrix. In practice the executive power is formed by the council of Ministers. Intresting facts One quarter of the country is below sea level with only 0
Ireland had a big economic boom in late 20'th century but now its back on top Ireland has the second highest per capita income of any country in the EU next to Luxembourg Construction plays big part in Irish economy The weather Irish think there is 4 kinds of weather Typical Irish weather is few minutes rain , few minutes sun then again rain and so on Energy About 98% of Ireland's final energy is produced by burning coal, petroleum, peat, or natural gas Ireland has lately put a lot of effort in using renewable energy Peat burning powerstation in Bellacorrick Wind farm in Donegal Flora Because of its mild climate species such as palm trees, grow in Ireland. Much of the land is now covered with pasture and there are many species of wild-flower Gorse(Ulex europaeus) Spartina anglica Transport
1 (kWh per person) Maailm: Asub 34 kohas 6.Mida võiks soovitada selle riigi energiamajanduse paremaks muutmiseks?Millliseid alternatiivseid energialiike oleks võimalik kasutada? Arvan on vaja areneda taastuvate energiavarad et toetada riik elektrieenergiaga . Näiteks kasutada päikeseenergia see on kõige loogiline variant nii riigis nagu Saudi Arabia, sest kasutada nafta ei ole ökonoomselt ja ökoloogoline. Mõisted: barrel(bbl)=159 liitrit petroleum-nafta crude oil-toornafta natural gas-maagaas coal-süsi electricity-elekter renewables-taastuvad production-toodang consumption-tarbimine nuclear-tuuma-/aatomi- peat-turvas waste-prügi,jäätmed
They are fed stuff that make them grow faster and bigger. The chickens can’t carry their own weight and fall down. Employees hit and toture them. I find horrifying how the chikens are treated as plain food not living creatures. Cows and pigs are treated in the same way. Most of the food in America is controlled and manufactured by few main companies. The major food companies make huge profits of which are based on supplying cheap but contaminated food, the heavy use of petroleum-based chemicals (largely pesticides and fertilizers), and the promotion of unhealthy food consumption habits by the American public. I think that it’s absolutely wrong how the food indrustries and farms work. Nowadays, it’s all about the money. No compassion. My solution is to fight against the system. If many countries would cooperate, than there would be a chance that we could end this tragedy.
deck. Sea tankers are used for large shipments of liquid or granular goods such as oil, grain and coal. 5.Rail Businesses use rail transportation for delivery of a wide range of goods including post, coal, steel and other heavy goods. 6.Pipelines Pipeline is a method of transportation in which liquid, gaseous or solid products are moved over long distances throught pipelines. It is used mainly for conveying natural gas, petroleum and solid materials 7.Conclusions ● Trucking very flexible to your needs, but prone to accidents. ● Ocean inexpensive, but slow. ● Rail most economic, but limited in final desti- nations. ● Air moves at the speed of business, but with a cost. Thank you! Information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page http://www.businessdictionary.com/ http://www.c2es.org
investoritele, emitentidele ja vahendajatele Maailma suuremad börsid ja börsiindeksid Doco Jones- USA, Nasdaa-USA, Nikkei-Jpn Investeerimisfondid kollektiivne investeeringute kogum, mida haldavad professionaalid. (nt pensionifond) Kes on insider? On mingi ettevõtte siseinfo valdaja. Eelisseisundis võrreldes teiste investoritega. Nimetada 5 aktsiat Tallinna börsi põhinimekirjast. Google, GoldmanSach.. 165 2 B. Petroleum 9 2 Deutsche Ba.. 54 2 France Tele. 63 2 Telefónica 68 2 BNP Paribas 65 2 Danone 83 2
) on suurimad ja võimsamad rahvusvahelised firmad? Kas on ka arengumaadest pärit rahvusvahelisi firmasid? Usa,Hiina ja Jaapan, arengumaadest India, Mehhiko, Brasiilia, Venemaa, Colombia.Venezuela , Malaisia , Tai ja Türgi. 5. Nimeta 5 tuntumat rahvusvahelist firmat maailmas, mis riigist need pärit on? Wal-mart stores USAst, Suurbritannia-Hollandi nafta- ja gaasifirma Royal Dutch Shell, Nestle Šveitsist, USA nafta- ja gaasiettevõte Exxon Mobil, Hiina nafta- ja gaasifirma China National Petroleum, Saksamaa elektri- ja elektroonikaseadmete kontsern Siemens 6. Missugused Eesti ettevõtted on saanud rahvusvaheliste korporatsioonide osaks? (nimeta vähemalt3)? Hansapank ja ühispank Rootsi pankadele, Eesti Telekom TeleSonerale, Kalevi šokolaaditehas Orklale, Saku õlletehas Carlsbergile, Linnuse kali coca-colale.
company was renamed Chrysler Canada Incorporated when Cerberus Capital Management purchased 80.1% of its parent company Chrysler LLC. They produce certain models of Chrysler, Jeep and Dodge. Chrysler Canada has three vehicle assembly plants in operation in Canada, and built 535,878 cars and trucks in 2002. They produce certain models of Chrysler, Jeep and Dodge. Husky Energy Inc. Husky Energy Inc. is a large Canadian integrated energy company based in Calgary, Alberta. Focusing on petroleum and natural gas exploration, production, refining and retail sales, the company primarily conducts operations in Canada, the United States, China and Indonesia. The company employs approximately 4100 people , has almost $21 billion in assets, and produces an average of 385,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day , making it one of Canada's largest energy companies. Flickr Flickr is an image and video hosting website, web services suite, and online community platform
http://www.abiks.pri.ee Tootmisviisi moodustavad majanduses kasutatavad tehnoloogiad ja neile vastavad inimeste vahelised suhted ja töökorraldus. 1) traditsioonilised TV levinud väikestes inimgruppides, oma tarbeks, ei osale maailmamaj. 1.1 korilus, 1.2varaagraarne tekkis seoses loomade kodustamise ja põlluharimise tekkimisega 1.3 hilisagraarne tekkis looma ja taimekasvatuse ühendamise tulemusena 2) Industriaalsed TV tekivad industrialiseerimisega, levinud suurtes inimgruppides, toodetakse turule, osaleb maailmamaj. 2.1 iseseisev industrialiseerimine järkjärgult mindi üle järgmisele TVle 2.2 sõltuv industrialiseerimine toimus industriaalriikide poolt, mitmeid maid kolooniateks muutes Varaindustriaalne alates 15.saj tehnoloogia kiire areng, turumaj levik kõigis maj.harudes, suurettevõtluse teatav levik, säilib käsitöö ja väikeettev...
North American Free Trade Agreement.Loomaks kaupade ja teenuste vabakaubanduspiirkond.1994. ASEAN Kagu Aasia Maade Assotsiatsioon. Association of South East Asian Nations. loomaks Aasiasse maailma suurim vabakaubandustsoon. 1967. EL/EU Euroopa Liit. European Union. Hõlbustamaks kaubavahetust euroopasiseselt. 1952, 27 G7/G8 eesmärk genereerida meetmeid, mis tagaksid jäitkuva majanduskasvu.1975. OPEC 1960 Naftat eksportivate riikide organisatsioon. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Eesmärk kujundada naftahinda ja hoida seda võimalikult kõrgel. NATO Põhja-Atlandi Lepingu Organisat-sioon. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. ÜRO Ühinenud Rahvaste Organisatsioon. United Nations Organization Ülemaailmne rahu-ja julgeolekuorganisatsioon, mis pidi edasi arendama Rahvasteliidu põhimõtteid. NGO Valitsustevälised organisatsioonid. Non Governmental Organization. G77 Lõuna riikide majandusprobleeme käsitlev organisatisioon.
Karjääri ja tööhõive stabiilsuse hoidmine . Apec ; Aasia ja Vaikse Ookeani Majanduskoostöö ;Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ; Ühendriigid, Austraalia,Brunei,Filipiinid,Hiina,Hongkong,Indoneesia,Jaapan,Kanada,Lõuna- Korea,Malaisia,Mehhiko,Paapua, Uus-Guinea,Peruu,Singapur,Tai,Taiwan,Tsiili,Uus- Meremaa,Venemaa,Vietnam . Ülesandeks on Vaikse ookeaniga piirnevate maade majandusliku koostöö organisatsioon . Opec -Naftat Eksportivate Riikide Organisatsioon ;Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries ; Põhiülesanne on liikmete naftatoodangu ja ekspordikvootide kindlaksmääramise läbi toornafta hinna reguleerimine maailmaturul. Kuuluvad riigid Alzeeria , Angoola , Araabia Ühendemiraadid , ecuador , iraak , iraan , katar , kuveit , liibüa , nigeeria , saudi araabia , venezuela . NATO - Põhja-Atlandi Lepingu Organisatsioon ; North Atlantic Treaty Organisation ; NATOS on liimesriike 28 tükki . Eesmärk on kogu euroopa julgeolek .
Mehhiko ei kasuta täielikult ära lepingu tingimusi http://us.123rf.com/400wm/400/400/vasilkovv/vasilkovv0905/vasilkovv090500018/4830295.jpg PõhjaAmeerika Vabakaubanduse Assotsiatsioon (tõsi sellest on ainult PõhjaAmeerika) NAFTA sätted vaba liikumise kohta on väga piiratud võrreldes Euroopa Liiduga. Tõsine üldine suurenemine reostumises tänu NAFTAle http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_OPEC.svg Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries Naftat Eksportivate Riikide Organisatsioon Toornafta hinna reguleerimine maailmaturul Loodi 1960. aastal Bagdadis Alzeeria Angola Araabia Ühendemiraadid Ecuador Iraak Iraan Katar Kuveit Liibüa Nigeeria Saudi Araabia Venezuela http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilt:OPEC.svg 1014 september 1960 Iraan, Iraak, Kuveit, Saudi Araabia, Venezuela 60ndadloomisaastad 70ndadesiplaanile tõus, 1973kriis
environment laws, Canada that is. Industrial activity- tööstustegevus for producing high-grade uranium.Kõrgekvaliteetne uraan nuclear energy. Tuumaenergia energy comes from hydro and wind. Hüdro- ja tuuleenergia It is the world's largest producer of natural uranium, producing one-third of global supply, and is also the world's leading producer of hydro-electricity, accounting for 13% of global production. It is also a significant producer of petroleum, natural gas, and coal. Kas riigil on reserv või defitsiit? Ontario, Canada's most populous province, generates some 9,600 MW annually, over half of that coming from one dozen nuclear reactors. Ontario also has coal, natural gas, and hydro facilities. However, Ontario faces a challenge as it must replace 80% of its generating capacity in the next twenty years—the old stations have time-expired and the nuclear reactors are overstressed. A
majanduslikku, sotsiaalset ja kultuurilist koostööd. · EFTA European Free Trade Organization. Euroopa Vabakaubandusühendus. · MERCOSUR Southern Vommon Market. Lõuna ühisturg: Argentiina, Brasiilia, Paraquay ja Uruguay vabakaubandusliit. · NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement. Põhja-Ameerika vabakaubanduse assotsiatioon on Kanada, Ameerika Ühendriikide ja Mehhiko kaubandusühendus. · OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Naftat eksportivate iikide organisatsioon. Toorainekartell, mis on moodustunud nafta tootvate arengumaade ühendusena, kairsmaks liikmesmaade huve rahvusvahelistel turgudel. · EU Euroopa liit. Geograafiline tööjaotus Ettevõtluse spetsialiseerumine tulenevalt asukoha geograailisest, inimtekkelisest eelistest. Piirkonnad spetsieeruvad vaid nendele kaupade tootmisele, milleks on neil paremad eeldused.
Luunja Keskkool NAFTA JA SELLE KASUTUSALAD Referaat Autor: Erki Kesküla Klass: 10 Juhendaja: Carry Kangur Luunja 2012 Naftast üldiselt Nafta on maapõues leiduv põlev vedelik, mis on peamiselt vedelate süsivesinike segu. Nafta võib olla peaaegu värvitu, kui ka peaaegu süsimust. Tekstuurilt on nafta õlitaoline suure tihedusega vedelik. Naftat pumbatakse maapõuest välja alates kümnetest meetritest, kuni 5-6 kilomeetrini. Pumbatakse ka ookeanide ja merede põhjast. Kohati võib nafta tungida ka ise maapinnale, või pursata puuraukudest välja, kuid enamasti tuleb naftat tema suure tiheduse tõttu välja pumbata. Nafta teke Nafta tekkeks on kaks versiooni. Esimese versiooni järgi on nafta tekkinud miljonite aastate jooksul meredes elutsenud taimede ja loomade jäänuste lagunemisel hapniku juurdepääsuta. T...
Citrus Fruits Corn Wheat Dairy products Sugarcane Tobacco Wine Wool Products Maize Wheat Sugarcane Vegetables Fruits - mangos, papaya, bananas, melons, pineapples, beef Beef Poultry Wool Dairy products Essential oil Animal raising Sheepfarming Cattle farming Ostrich farming Dairy farming Exports Gold Diamonds Minerals Machinery Equipment Fruits drapes, apples, cherries, pears, peaches, citrus Wine South African Exports in 2006 Imports Machines Foodstuff Equipment Chemicals Petroleum products Scientific instruments Trading Partners the United Kingdom the United States Germany Italy Belgium Click to edit Master text styles China Second level Japan Third level Fourth level Fifth level Thank you for your attention
Mida enam vesinikke süsiniku aatomi kohta, seda suurem kütteväärtus. NAFTA 1. Kuna ja kus rajati esimene naftapuurtorn? Enam-vähem tänapäevane naftapuurtorn lasti käiku USA-s Pennsylvanias 1855. aastal. 2. Mille saamiseks eeskätt hakati naftat destilleerima? Keroseen, mida kasutatakse lambiõlina. 3. Millised on tuntuma naftamaad? Saudi Araabia, Venemaa, USA, Iraan, Iraak, Hiina. 4. Mis on OPEC ja milleks ta loodi? Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (Naftat Eksportivate Riikide Organisatioon). Loodi selleks, et kaitsta naftat tootvate liikmesriikide huve rahvusvahelisel turul. 5. Milliseid riikidevahelisi kriise on põhjustanud nafta? Nafta on põhjustanud sõdasid. Lahesõda (1990-1991), Iraagi sõda (2003- 2011), Tsetseenia sõda (1994-1996). 6. Miks on naftamaad hakanud ehitama naftatöötlemistehaseid? Kasutades naftatöötlemistehaseid on tunduvalt odavam. 7
largest economies. Texas' economy is the fourth-largest of any country subdivision globally, behind England, California, and Tokyo Prefecture. Its Per Capita personal income in 2009 was $36,484 ranking 29th in the nation. Texas's large population, abundance of natural resources, thriving cities and leading centers of higher education have contributed to a large and diverse economy. Since oil was discovered, the state's economy has reflected the state of the petroleum industry. In recent times urban centers of the state have increased in size containing two-thirds of the population in 2005. The state's economic growth has led to urban sprawl and its associated symptoms. Energy Ever since the discovery of oil at Spindletop, energy has been a dominant force politically and economically within the state. If Texas were its own country it would be the sixth largest oil producer in the world
OPEC Naftat Eksportivate Riikide Organisatsioon Asutati 1960. aastal Eesmärk naftahinna kujundamine ja kõrgel hoidmine Liikmesriikide heaolu tagamine 11 liiget: Iraan, Iraak, Kuveit, Saudi-Araabia, Katar, Araabia ÜE, Liibüa, Nigeeria, Alzeeria, Venezuela, Indoneesia. 1 barrel = 158,92 liitrit (praegu ~ 50 USD) Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries Toorainekartell EFTA Euroopa Vabakaubandus Piirkond (Assotsiatsioon) Loodi 1960. aastal Eesmärk vabakaubandus Euroopa piirkonnas Ajalooline tähtsus EL-iga kauplemisreeglid samad Praegu 4 liiget: Norra, Island, Sveits, Liechtenstein. NAFTA Põhja-Ameerika Vabakaubanduse Assotsiatsioon Loodi 1994. aastal Liikmed: USA, Kanada, Mehhiko.
General elections are called by the Governor General when the Prime Minister so advises or when the government loses the confidence of the House. The House of Commons consists of 308 members. Members of the Senate are elected by the Prime Minister. The Senate has 105 members and they serve until the age of 75. Canada is one of the wealthiest nations in the world. International trade makes up a large part of the Canadian economy. Canada's main economic resources are minerals, timber, petroleum and natural gas. Ice hockey is the most popular sport in Canada. Hockey is a national pastime and the most popular spectator sport in the country.
2) Kõrgema taseme energia vajadus 3) Ressursi ja tarbimise ebaühtlane jaotumine 4) Traditsiooniliste energiavarade ammendumine 5) Energia julgeolek – poliitiline relv 6) Keskkonnaprobleemid – CO2, veereostus, põllumaa kadumine 8. Mis on roheline energia? Tootmiseks kasutatakse ainult taastuvaid energiaallikaid, peamiselt tuult ja vett. 9. OPEC – mis organisatsioon, eesmärk ja liikmed. Naftat Eksportivate Riikide Assotsiatsioon (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) Määrab naftatoodangut ja reguleerib hinda. Liikmed: Iraan, Iraak, Saudi-Araabia, Araabia Ühendemiraadid, Katar, Kuveit, Ecuador, Venezuela, Alžeeria, Liibüa, Angola, Nigeeria
3) Ressursi ja tarbimise ebaühtlane jaotumine 4) Traditsiooniliste energiavarade ammendumine 5) Energia julgeolek – poliitiline relv 6) Keskkonnaprobleemid – CO2, veereostus, põllumaa kadumine 8. Mis on roheline energia? Tootmiseks kasutatakse ainult taastuvaid energiaallikaid, peamiselt tuult ja vett. 9. OPEC – mis organisatsioon, eesmärk ja liikmed. Naftat Eksportivate Riikide Assotsiatsioon (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) Määrab naftatoodangut ja reguleerib hinda. Liikmed: Iraan, Iraak, Saudi-Araabia, Araabia Ühendemiraadid, Katar, Kuveit, Ecuador, Venezuela, Alžeeria, Liibüa, Angola, Nigeeria
8. Mille järgi on riigid reastunud? Inimarengu indeks 9. Nimeta 2 infoühiskonnale iseloomulikku joont, millele Eesti ühiskond ei vasta Madal keskmine eluiga, madal SKT, pole rahvusvaheliselt tähtsaid ettevõtteid 10. Mida tähendab OPEC? Nimeta 3 liikmesriiki Naftat transportivate riikidevaheline organisatsioon (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) NT: Angola, Nigeeria, Saudi-Araabia 11. Mida tähendab WTO? Maailma kaubandusorganisatsioon 12. Kirjuta 2 põhjust, miks EL on huvitatud laienemisest Et muuta Euroopa ühtseks ja vabaks. Mõjuvõimu suurendamine, turu laiendamine. 13. Selgita globaliseerumise üht positiivset ja üht negatiivset külge majanduslikult arenenud riikidele. Globariseerumine on kaasa toonud kultuurilise mitmekesisuse vähenemise. Kommete, tehnoloogia, toodete jms
Statistics Canada's estimate surpassing Ottawa in 2009.[5] Located 300 km (200 mi) due south of Edmonton, statisticians define the narrow populated area between these cities as the "Calgary-Edmonton Corridor."[6] Calgary is the largest Canadian metropolitan area between Toronto and Vancouver. Calgary is well-known as a destination for winter sports and ecotourism with a number of major mountain resorts near the city and metropolitan area. Economic activity in Calgary is mostly centred on the petroleum industry; however, agriculture, tourism, and high-tech industries also contribute to the city's economic growth. In 1988, Calgary became the first Canadian city to host the Olympic Winter Games. Calgary Kristjan-Artur Reek, 8a
It has 153 membership countries.The founder members include North America,Finland, Norway,Sweden and Australia. APEC-Asia, Pacific Economic Cooperation.This is the biggeest economic organisation in the world. It includes about 2.2 billion people.ASEAN is the member of APEC.There are 21 member countries. Its spheers of activity are: 1. Co-operation in the field of energetics 2. Transport 3. Telecommunication OPEC-Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries.It was established in 1960.Its aim is to regulare the price of crude oil for the world market.There are 12 member countries including Iran,Iraq and Kuwait. USA and Russia are not members of OPEC. EU-European Union. It was firstly founded on the 9th of May , 1950 as a European Coal and Steel Community and in 1951 the real organisation was established.The six founders were Belgium,Netherlands,Luxembourg,France,West-Germany and Italy. Its main aims were: 1
municipality, by population in Canada. Located 300 km due south of Edmonton, statisticians define the narrow populated area between these cities as the "Calgary-Edmonton Corridor." Calgary is the largest Canadian metropolitan area between Toronto and Vancouver. Calgary is well-known as a destination for winter sports and ecotourism with a number of major mountain resorts near the city and metropolitan area. Economic activity in Calgary is mostly centred on the petroleum industry; however, agriculture, tourism, and high-tech industries also contribute to the city's economic growth. In 1988, Calgary became the first Canadian city to host the Olympic Winter Games. Winnipeg Winnipeg is the capital and largest city of Manitoba, Canada.It's population is 740 000 people. It is located near the longitudinal centre of North America, in south central
Prantsusmaa aototootija PSA Peugeot Citroen on Üks suurimaid autotootjaid maailmas(2001). Masinatööstus on Prantsusmaal kõrgelt arenenud. Prantsusmaal metallimaake eriti ei leidu ning seetõttu ostab enamuse sisse, küll aga leidub seal vanu värvilisi metalle. Legend: · - uraanimaak · - tsement, kitt · - kaadmium · -alumiinium · -must süsinik Pb-tina Zn-tsink W-volfram Pet-petroleum · -rauasulam · - alumiiniumoksiid · - boksiit · - rauamaak · - teras · - opaal Kõrgtehnoloogia arenguks on riigil head eeldused, sest Prantsusmaal on palju motiveeritud teadlasi ning riigil on head eeldused kõrgtehnoloogia arendustööd rahastada.
Soviet Union. After that in the 1960s and 1970s the Americans fought in the Korean and in the Vietnam War, and in the1990s in the Gulf War and now they are fighting in Iraq. Industry The US is extremely rich in natural resources. The western mountains are especially rich in them. The US is among the leading countries in the value of its mineral production. The US is third, after Russia and Saudi Arabia, in the production of petroleum. Mining has been the key of development of the USA. The US has large deposits of coal, iron ore, natural gas, and petroleum, which are vital to the country's industrial strength. Its many other important minerals include copper, gold, lead, silver and zinc. To meet its needs the US must import additional amounts of iron ore, petroleum, and other minerals. Most American industry is located in the eastern and mid-western parts, around the Great Lakes and also on the Pacific coast
After that in the 1960s and 1970s the Americans fought in the Korean and in the Vietnam War, and in the1990s in the Gulf War and now they are fighting in Iraq. Industry The US is extremely rich in natural resources. The western mountains are especially rich in them. The US is among the leading countries in the value of its mineral production. The US is third, after Russia and Saudi Arabia, in the production of petroleum. Mining has been the key of development of the USA. The US has large deposits of coal, iron ore, natural gas, and petroleum, which are vital to the country's industrial strength. Its many other important minerals include copper, gold, lead, silver and zinc. To meet its needs the US must import additional amounts of iron ore, petroleum, and other minerals.Most American industry is located in the eastern and mid- western parts, around the Great Lakes and also on the Pacific coast
federal court system. Separate from, but not entirely independent of, this federal court system are the individual court systems of each state, each dealing with its own laws and having its own judicial rules and procedures. The U.S. district courts are the "trial courts" where cases are filed and decided. Industry, Economy USA has the leading industrial power in the world. It is highly diversified and technologically advanced. The main industries are petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, and mining. Before the 1980s the main industry in America was manufacturing, but then more high technology industries became main industries. High technology industries are petroleum refining, aerospace, steelmaking and automobile industry. Advances in chemistry and electronics have revolutionized many industries through new products and methods
The weather Irish think there are 4 kinds of weather , rainy spring , rainy summer , rainy autumn and rainy winter and only the lastone is a bit diffrent from others , its more like sleet ( lõrts) The typical Irish weather is few minutes rain , few minutes sunny then again some rain and sun will shine for a bit more again. Energy The vast majority ( enamus ) of Irish energy needs are met by fossil fuels. About 98% of Ireland's final energy demand is produced by burning coal, petroleum, peat, or natural gas. This over reliance on fossil fuels ( see liigne toetumine sisseostetavatele kütustele )-particularly oil - (eriti õli) has left Ireland vulnerable to international price fluctuations as it imports all of its oil needs. (on jätnud iirimaa haavatavaks tänu rahvusvahelistele hindande muutumisele ) There have been recent efforts in Ireland to use renewable energy such as wind energy with large wind
nations Canada is a mixed economy Economy The largest foreign importers of Canadian goods are the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan Like other First World nations, the Canadian economy is dominated by the service industry, which employs about three quarters of Canadians. Canada is unusual among developed countries in the importance of its primary sector, in which the logging and petroleum industries are two of the most important The Canada 2006 Census counted a total population of 31,612,897, an increase of 5.4 percent since 2001 Population in Canada increased from 1990 to 2008 with 5.6 million and 20.4 % According to the OECD/World Bank population statistics between 19902008 the world population growth was 27 % and 1,423 million persons Population Population growth is from immigration and, to a lesser extent, natural growth.
25 to 30 °C (75 to 85 °F) with occasional extreme heat in some interior locations exceeding 40 °C (104 °F). Canada is also geologically active, having many earthquakes and potentially active volcanoes, notably Mount Meager, Mount Garibaldi, Mount Cayley and the Mount Edziza volcanic complex. Economy Canada's main economic resources are minerals( nickel, uranium ), timber( the wood from its forests ), grain, petroleum and natural gas. Canada is one of the world's most important suppliers of agricultural products, with the Canadian Prairies one of the most important suppliers of wheat, canola and other grains. Canada is also one of the world's most important suppliers of agricultural products, with the Canadian Prairies one of the most important suppliers of wheat, canola and other grainsCanada is the world's largest producer of zinc and
smaragdroheline, taevasinine, lilla. Selle grupiga seotud isiksuslikud omadused on kergus, soojus, sõbralikkus, uudsus, noorus, elavus, värskus, puhtus ja optimism. Selle värvigrupi negatiivsed omadused on kerglus ja ebaküpsus. Seda tüüpi kuulsad inimesed on kadunud printsess Diana, Bill Clinton ja Tony Blair. Firmavärvidest esindavad seda gruppi British Petroleum, Virgin ja Norwich Union. Joonis 1. British Petroleum 1.2. Selle grupi toonid on jahedad, sisaldavad rohkem halli ja kuigi värvid on õrnad, ei ole nad tingimata heledad. Sellised värvid on pehme pruun, roosiroosa, greifruudi toon, heleroheline, tuvihall, õhujõudude sinine, delfiinihall, lavendel.
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