Solar power Tanel terras The basics of solar power Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity Photovoltaics Concentrated solar power Concentrated solar power · Electrical power is produced when the concentrated light is converted to heat, which Click to edit Master text styles drives a heat engine connected to an Second level electrical power generator or powers a Third level thermochemical reaction
Solar power What is solar power? Solar power is the energy, which is derived from solar radiation energy. Mainy used to heat and power production, but as well as natural lighting. Solar power released as a result of fusion reactions taking place in the sun. What is solar power? Päikeseenergia on energia, mis on saadud päikesekiirguse energiast. Põhiliselt kasutatakse seda soojuse ja elektri tootmiseks aga ka loomulikus valgustuses. Päikeseenergia vabaneb päikesel toimuvate termotuumareaktsioonide tulemusel. Using heat production production of electricity from solar energy Kasutamine: Soojuse tootmiseks (sh. tarbevee ja joogivee kütmiseks) kasutatakse päikesekütteseadmeid.
SOLAR PANEL TTÜ 2016 WHAT IS SOLAR PANEL? • Panel which work by solar energy HISTORY • 1954 • Giacomo Luigi Ciamician • Company «Bell Labaratories» HOW DOES SOLAR PANEL WORK? PRODUCTS POWERED BY SUNLIGHT SATELLITE POWERED BY SOLAR ENERGY ADVANTAGES&DISADVANTAGES • Ecofriendly • Sustainability • Extensive range of applications • Cost • The need for cleaning • Weather
Solar power Rasmus Definition Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity The most abundant energy source on Earth Explosive growth in recent years History Charles Fritts first solar cell, 1% efficiency (1883) Bell Labs first modern silicon cell, 6% eff. (1954) First solar powered calculators (1978) 40percentefficient solar cell in 2006 Solar panels were installed on the White house (2013) Rapid growth Solar industry is the fastestgrowing in the US Solar industry is expected to double every year until 2020 Employs over 100 000 people in US alone Solar cooker Produces heat by concentrating sun rays into one spot Takes long to cook, difficult to burn Works roughly like an oven Bread and cakes usually brown on their tops Solar power good investment? The cost of solar power is constantly falling
SOLAR ENERGY Karol Pakkas What is solar power? Solar power is energy that comes from the sun. The sunlight gives off energy as heat. Solar power is a renewable source of energy. How does solar power work? Solar panels are used to collect sunlight. Solar panels are made up of photovoltaic cells that convert the sunlight into energy. Why do we need it? How does it lead to better health? Solar power is source of clean energy. It does not produce pollution or greenhouse gases or carbon compounds. Solar power would be a lot safer for the environment and a lot better for the health of people. What would happen if we don't use solar power? If we don't start using solar power, we would use oil and coal. They produce pollution and will cause millions of people to suffer from respiratory related problems.
SOLAR ENERGY Karol Pakkas What is solar power? Solar power is energy that comes from the sun. The sunlight gives off energy as heat. Solar power is a renewable source of energy. How does solar power work? Solar panels are used to collect sunlight. Solar panels are made up of photovoltaic cells that convert the sunlight into energy. Why do we need it? How does it lead to better health? Solar power is source of clean energy. It does not produce pollution or greenhouse gases or carbon compounds. Solar power would be a lot safer for the environment and a lot better for the health of people. What would happen if we don't use solar power? If we don't start using solar power, we would use oil and coal. They produce pollution and will cause millions of people to suffer from respiratory related problems.
Solar Energy Presentation Introduction Solar energy Solar power Ø applications Ø energy storage method and solar power plants Solar energy Radiant light and heat from the sun Solar energy technologies include: Ø solar heating, Ø solar photovoltaics, Ø solar thermal electricity , Ø solar architecture Solar power Conversion of sunlight into electricity Using: Ø Photovoltaics (PV) Ø concentrated solar power (CSP). Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level CSP systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. PV convert light into electric current using the photoelectric effect. Applications
The Solar System 1)Name the inner planets of our solar system? The inner planets are Mercury Venus Earth Mars 2)Name outer planets of our solar system? The outer planets are Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto 3)Where is the asteroid belt situaded? The asteroid belt is situaded between inner planets and outer planets. 4) 5)Describe one of the inner planets of our solar system? Mars is seen as a reddish star in the night sky.The surface is reddish-brown,desertlike.The
ÄRIPLAAN ETTEVÕTTE ÜLDANDMED Ettevõtte nimi: SOLAR LINE AS äriregistri registreerimise number 11487034 KMKR EE 101259093 registreerimise aeg ja koht: Tallinn, 26.01.2014 Aadress: Kärberi 17-40, Tallinn Telefonid: 5175319 e-mail: [email protected] Juhatuse liikmed: Artjom Petrov Aleksandr Petrov Tatjana Petrova Valentin Petrov Aktsiaseltsi võib esindada ainuisikuliselt juhatuse liige Artjom Petrov. Põhikapital: 50000 EURO Kontaktisik, tema telefon: Artjom Petrov, 53022472 ETTEVÕTTE LÜHIÜLEVAADE
Eestis on päikesepaneel võimeline tootma sooja ja elektrit üheksal kuul aastas. Eestis on kõige ideaalsem paigaldada päikesepaneelid lõuna suunas ja 40 kraadi maapinna suhtes. Päikesetornid: Suhteliselt suure võimsusega päikeseelektrijaamad, mis võib energiat salvestada ja seda anda ka öisel ajal. Tuhanded peeglid koondavad päikesekiires torni tipus paiknevale vastuvõtjale , soojusvaheti kaudu üle aurugeneraatorile, mis käivitab elektrigeneraatoriga ühendatud turbiini. Planta Solar 10: 2007.aastal ehitati Euroopasse esimene kontsentreeritud päikeseenergia tehas. Asub Lõuna-Hispaanias, Sevilles 624 suurt peeglit Kiired suunduvad 115 m kõrguse torni tippu. Tornis 250 kraadi juures vesi aurustatakse ja auruturbiin generaator hakkab tootma elektrit Päikeseenergia kasutamises on märkimisväärset edu saavutanud Saksamaa, Jaapan, USA, Itaalia, Prantsusmaa ja Hispaania. Üha laialdasemalt on päikeseenergiat hakatud kasutama ka arengumaades. Kasutatud kirjandus:
The University of Amsterdam ( MS/Drs – Science and Technology Studies ) http://boa.czp-vecer.si/vecer2000/20131211/5023698_ Primarily researches social, cultural, political and economic .jpg conditions influencing energy policy priorities and project outcomes Introduction This book talks about the negative side effects of the alternative energy like wind turbines, solar cells and bio fuels. We don't have an energy crisis. We have a consumption crisis. And this book, offers refreshingly straight talk about what's wrong with the way we think and talk about the problem. Though we generally believe we can solve environmental problems with more energy, Solar cells Advantages: Simple Low cost Reduce pollution Increase home safety Good for remote locations Clean and renewable No noise http://
in cold climates are exam-ined. The background for using windows with improved energy performance is the need to reduce the en-ergy consumption in buildings. Since the heat loss through windows often represents half the total heat loss from houses, much energy can be saved by developing and using better windows with respect to energy performance. The main purpose of having windows in houses is that they provide daylight and view, but windows also provide solar gain that can be utilized as a contribution to the space heating in the building. Therefore the windows also have a positive influence on the energy balance of buildings. To evaluate the possibilities for developing better windows with respect to energy performance when used in Nordic and arctic climates, seven different window types have been examined in terms of the net energy gain and simulations of the energy consumption in buildings with focus on domestic houses.
energy needs for an entire year. Solar energy use has surged at about 20 percent a year over the past 15 years, thanks to rapidly falling prices and gains in efficiency. Solar energy is inexhaustible. Noise free. Does not harm the environment. Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Negative aspects of solar energy Solar energy does not work at night without a storage device such as a battery. Cloudy weather can make the technology unreliable during the day. Solar technologies are very expensive. Requires a lot of land area to collect the sun's energy. Wind energy Most wind energy comes from wind turbines. Wind turbines are used to wring electricity from the breeze. Wind turbine use has increased at more than 25 percent a year. Wind is a clean source of renewable energy
New energy sources Rauno Hermann Scheer Energy law example for 47 countries 6.3% to over 20% Numerous awards including The Right Livelihood Award Renewable energy in world Investments 63 billion USD > 120 billion USD 20062009 Wind energy: 74 000 MW to 135 000 MW Solar energy: 5100 MW to 19 000 MW WHAT ARE THE ALTERNATIVES TO TODAYS SOLAR, WIND AND BIOMASS ENERGY SOURCES? Osmotic power How it works? Pressure created by osmosis powers turbines Where could be used Where fresh and salt water meet (creeks, fjords) Desalination plants Now Worlds first test factory in Norway Tofte (2009) Disadvantages Km2s of membranes needed Norway, Tofte Click to edit Master text styles Second level
.........................................6 2.1.1. Annual Generation........................................................................................7 2.1.2. Growth and cost trends................................................................................8 2.1.3. Theoretical potential.....................................................................................9 2.1.4. Benefits of wind energy................................................................................10 2.2. Solar Energy........................................................................................................11 2.2.1 Development, deployment and economics................................................12 2.3. Hydroenergy.......................................................................................................13 2.4. Geothermal Energy............................................................................................14 2.5. Biomass Energy...................................
main cause of global warming. Nuclear waste is collected and hidden in rocks or under ground, where it won't face the environment. However we shouldn't depend on nuclear energy as Uranium reserves are ending, especially when the world population is increasing and so is the demand for energy. There is Uranium in seawater, but getting it is too expensive. We can only depend on nuclear power for a few years or decades. On the other hand, we will always have wind and solar power. Right now, producing solar energy is quite expensive but as technology improves, we will hopefully be able to produce solar energy with lower costs. The world should use as much wind and solar power as possible. As years go by, we will hopefully find a way to produce cheap and environmentally- friendly energy, but right now, we can't give up nuclear energy. At the moment we can say it is a blessing since we need it but in future it probably won't be.
Tallinna Tööstushariduskeskus Saturn Referaat Tallinn 2014 Sissejuhatus Saturn is one of the most interesting planets in the solar system. It is the sixth planet in the solar system, and is most famous for its stunning array of rings. It is a very easy planet to pick out in the sky because it is one of the brightest lights in the shy. It also has a very faint greenish color that makes it stand out from the rest of the objects in the sky ("Astronomy for Kids"). Saturn is the second largest planet in the solar system, Jupiter being the only planet that is bigger
b) kasutasin Advanced Search’i, sisestasin autoriväljale nime Jim Brown ning kasutasin märksõnadena tools ja jobs ning märkisin full text välja. Sain esimese hitina vajaliku artikli. 2.2.2 a) Laiad märksõnad: ecosystems, environment Kitsamad märksõnad: coral reefs, aquatic ecosystems, costal plains, arid zones, deserts, forests, grasslands, oceans, prairies, rainforests, taiga and tundra, terrestrial ecosystems, wetlands. b) Plotkin, Mark J. 2.3 Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells (52), Thin Solid Films (50), (Journal of Non- Crystalline Solids (31), Synthetic Metals (18), Organic Electronics (10), Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing (2) Teemades: solar cell (79), thin film (21), organic solar (9), zno (9), cds (6) 2.4 Peamised märksõnad: carcinogens, groundwater, pollution; 847 hitti. Groundwater AND pollution AND problems: Groundwater AND ecosystem AND cancer: Eelistasin edasisel tööl esimest varianti, kuna sisaldab teema pealkirjas
Environmental problems Many environment problems are caused by human actions. 1. Air pollution. Use public transportation instead of your own when going to work. Air pollution is also drastically reduced by conserving energy. It is the little things, like switching off fans and lights when you are not at home. Electricity causes the burning of large amounts of fossil fuels, which in turn pollute the air. Solar power is a fantastic solution. Now that solar radiation is at a climactic peak, we can reap power from the sun using solar panel systems. These range from home systems to larger scale systems powering entire communities and cities. 2. Deforestation. While individuals can rarely have a personal impact on the deforestation rate, there are other things you can do. Discourage deforestation and thus environmental degradation by reusing
aastal toodeti maailmas päikesepatareisid 15,9 GW päikeseenergia tootmiseks. Aastas suureneb päikeseenergia tootmine rohkem kui kaks korda. See on seotud päikesepatareide järjest odavamaks muutumisega. Näiteks 1998. aastal oli päikesepaneelide hind 1 vati kohta 4,5 USA dollarit, aga 1970. aastal 150 dollarit. 2010. aastal suutsid maailma viis suurimat tootjat igaüks toota päikesepatareisid rohkem kui 1 GW energia tootmiseks. Need olid alates maailma suurimast tootjast Suntech, First Solar, Sharp Solar, Yingli ja Trina Solar. Neist esimese, neljanda ja viienda peakorter asub Hiinas.
Space technology The Hubble About the Hubble Built in the 70's Launched to the orbit in 1990 600km from the Earth About 13,2m long 11 110 kg Edwin Paul Hubble 36 000 000 US dollars 15-20 years (Successor James Webb Space Telescope) Solar power panels 97 minutes Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level The importance The rate at which the universe is expanding. Black holes Supernovae Solar systems Galaxies Pillars of Creation Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khySM1YBQvA&feature=related
Environment and renewable energy 1. How can we help bring about a change in behavior? * Renewable energy is the sun and the water that people use, but not yet so widely. Required on all homes, various stations, hypermarkets solar panels to use the potential energy, the stock of which is not completed within 5 billion years. * Renewable sources such as wind and solar are intrinsically unsuited to meeting the demand for continuous, reliable supply on a large scale – which comprises most demand in developed countries. The criteria for any acceptable energy supply will continue to be cost, safety, and security of supply, as well as environmental considerations. 2. How can we encourage sustainable development? * To encourage you in the following way. To allocate money for the construction of such
Nende kemikaalide alla kuuluvad. Kui neid toksilisi materjale ei käidelda korrektselt, siis võivad need üpriski ohtlikuks nii keskkonnale kui ka inimestele osutuda. 2.5. Globaalne soojenemine Kuigi päikeseenergiast elektri genereerimine ei põhjusta globaalset soojenemist, siis näiteks tootmine, materjalide vedu, installatsioon, hooldus ja demonteerimine võivad seda küll tekitada mingil määral.1 1 „Environmental Impacts of Solar Power“ [Võrgumaterjal]: http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy- choices/renewable-energy/environmental-impacts-solar-power.html#.VEYyr7CsWKE 7 3. Päikeseenergia tootmine 3.1. Päikeseenergia ja elekter 17. sajandil kirjeldati esmakordselt elektrienergiat ka teaduslikult, ning alates sellest ajast on inimkonna elektrienergia kasutamine jõudsalt kasvanud.
Komeet ehk sabatäht. Väikekehad päikesesüsteemi äärealadelt. Päikesesüsteem koosneb päikesest ja tema ümber tiirlevatest osakestest. Päikesesüsteem on 5.6 miljardi aasta vanune Maa tüüpi planeedid: Merkuur, Veenus, Earth, Marss On tahked ja kivine. (Koosneb kivimitest ja metallist.) Hiidplaneedid: Gaasi hiiglased: Jupiter, Saturn Jäähiiglased: Uraan, Neptuun Kääbusplaneedid: Pluto ja Ceres Many objects in our solar system have atmospheres, including planets, some dwarf planets and even a couple moons. Meteoriidikraatrid Eestis: Kaali, Ilumetsa, Kaiavere, Kaande, Pilistvere, Tänassilma, Iigaste. Meteoriidikraatrid maailmas: Kraater Arizonas Mehhiko laht Vredeforti kraater (L-Aaf) Wolfe Creeki meteoriidikraater Hoba meteoriit (Namibia) (suurim tükk) http://www.foxnews.com/science/2014/07/24/11-need-to-know-things-about-our-solar-system/
and also woods, groundwater, animals and so on, in other words it's everything that human hasn't created. These resources are also used in industry. We get natural resources from the environment. Many of them are essential for our survival while others are used for satisfying our wants. Renewable resources: Some natural resources can be reproduced within a few years or decades. These are called renewable resources. Solar radiation, wind and hydroelectricity, are perpetual resources that are in no danger of a lack of long-term availability. Some natural renewable resources such as geothermal power, fresh water, timber, and biomass must be carefully managed to avoid exceeding the worlds capability to displace them. Solar energy is the energy derived directly from the Sun. Along with nuclear energy, it is the most important source of energy on Earth. People usually use solar energy to produce
S16147 S16149 S16158 M62776 S16146 BLACK / WHITE POWER RED / WHITE MAROON / WHITE YELLOW / BOLD BLUE WHITE / BLACK re-order re-order re-order re-order re-order S16148 S16150 S16159 S16164 S16166 BOLD BLUE / WHITE DARK BLUE / WHITE COLLEGIATE GREEN / WHITE SOLAR ORANGE / BLACK WHITE / RED re-order re-order re-order re-order re-order MATCHWEAR / ESTRO 15 S16151 S16160 S16161 S16163 48
.........................................................................27 7.8 Measuring electricity..................................................................................................27 SOLAR ENERGY..............................................................................................................27 8.1 Photovoltaic energy...................................................................................................... 28 8.2 Solar thermal heat.......................................................................................................29 8.3 Solar thermal power plants......................................................................................... 30 8.4 Solar energy and the environment..............................................................................30 WIND ENERGY.................................................................................................................31 9
AU , kahe otsingufraasi vahel oli AND 2.2.2 a) o laiemad märksõnad: environment o kitsamad märksõnad: aquatic ecosystems, arid zones, coastal plains, coral reefs, deserts, forests, grasslands, oceans, prairies, rainforests, taiga&tundra, terrestrial ecosystems, wetlands b) 1363 artiklit; kõige vanema artikli autor on Plotkin, Mark J 2.3 e) 38,091 articles found for: ALL(Semiconductors in solar cells)[Journals(Chemical Engineering,Chemistry,Materials Science)] f) 216 articles found for: ALL(Semiconductors in solar cells) AND LIMIT-TO(cids, "271603","Thin Solid Films") AND LIMIT-TO(yearnav, "2012") 2.4. Otsing andmebaasist EBSCOhostWeb. 2.4 a) Märksõnad: chemicals (TX all text) AND environment (TX all text), plants (TX all text), dangerous (TX all text). Otsingu täpsustamised: full text, scholarly(peer reviewed) journals;. b) Lenfeld, P., Buttridge, I. (2013)
TALLINNA TÖÖSTISHARIDUSKESKUS ROBOTNIIDUK Referaat Juhendaja: Koostaja: Kursus TALLINN 2013 SISUKORD SISSEJUHATUS Erinevaid robotniidukeid on palju, kuid mulle jäi silma üks, mis kasutab peale aku, toiteallikana ka päikesepaneele, mis muudab selle niiduki väga hübriidseks ja efektiivseks. Nimelt kirjutan peamiselt Husqvarna Automower Solar Hybrid-ist. Arvan, et päikesepaneelid niidukil on väga efektiivsed, sest muru niidetakse üldiselt suvel ja päikesepaistelise ilmaga. (Joonis 1) LÜHIKIRJELDUS Robotniiduki omadused: Madal müratase Automaatne laadimine Kui niiduk vajab täiendavat laadimist leiab ta ise tee laadimisjaama PIN koodi lukk ja vargusvastane alarm Pole heitgaase Seadistuspaneel Võimalik sisestada seadeid vastavalt aiale ja eelistustele Taimer
Päiksesesüstee m Päikesesüseemi mõiste • Päikesekeskne taevakehade süsteem, mille ulatus piirneb Päikese gravitatsiooniväljaga • Väike osa Galaktikast • Miljardid Galaktikad moodustavad hiigelsuure universumi Päikesesüsteem • https://www.google.ee/search?q=solar+system Päikese teke ja areng • Tekkis ligikaudu 5 miljardit aastat tagasi • Esmalt tekkis oma raskuse tõttu kokku tõmbuma hakanud gaasipilv • Pilve koostis: 69% vesinikku, 30% heeliumi ning 1% muid raskemaid aineid • Pilve keskele kogunenud gaasist moodustus päike Planeetide teke ja areng • Ülejäänud gaasist moodustusid planeedid • Raskemad aatomid koondusid kokku ning tekkisid planeetide tuumad • Tuumi jäi ümbritsema vesinikust ja heeliumist atmosfäär • Päikesekiirgus hajutas ülejäänud gaasi ja lähimate planeetide gaasilised atmosfäärid Päikesesüsteemi tekkimine Päikesesüsteemi ehitus ja dünaamika • Moodustavad Päike, 8 planeeti, planeetide...
As there are proofs that there once were a water on Mars so it`s likely thath life has existed there. In the next 50 years hopefully the technology will be so advanced that it`s also possible for a man to step on the ground of mars. Right now there`s only the Exploratio Rover what does all of the researches on Mars for us. Furthermore I think that in the future our spacerockets will be so hi-tech that we`re able to travel to ohter solar systems. Right now it would take a whole lifetime to get to the ohter solar systems, who would want to lay down their life for that? There will need to be many advances in technology, but we will get there eventually. We have gain incredible knowledge with the first 50 years on space. We can only speculate what kind of discoveries will the next 50 years bring. Prediction is difficult, especially the future. I think that space is a place where we will be looking scientific answers infinitely.
- And Just Chadrick Overview- What is Green Energy? Different Types? What is sustainability? German Green Energy Cost and Efficiency Recycling What is Green Energy? -It is energy resources that are renewable -Can be naturally replenished -Clean, Safe and not harmful to the environment (aka mother earth) Types of Green Energy Green Energy going cute Solar Power · Is produced by using photovoltaic cells, which capture sunlight and turns that into energy. Problems ? -The sun has got to shine -The cost of solar panels and the systems range between $20k-40k -The light from the sun produces a very small amount of energy Wind Power -These giant pinwheels spin from strong winds which spins a turbine of a generator to produce energy. Giant Pin Wheels? Any Studies done? · It is said that wind · Bentek Energy did the
b) vali kitsamatest märksõnadest Rainforests, kliki ADD to Search, märksõna ilmub Avanced Search otsiaknasse, piira otsingut Full text only ja Scholary journals (tee kastikesse linnuke) ja soorita otsing. Mitu täistekstartiklit leidsid - 1187 Kasutades otsivõimalust "Sort results by" leia kõige vanema artikli autorid Plotkin ja Mark J 2.3. Otsing andmebaasist Science Direct. Leia artiklid teemal Semiconductors in solar cells. a) Ava andmebaas Science Direct b) Vali Search/Journals c) Moodusta otsiprofiil märksõnade ja otsiväljadega Keywords d) Täpsusta otsingut, vali ainevaldkonnad: Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Materials Science. e) Analüüsi tulemuslehte 241 artiklit d) Täpsusta tulemusi vasakus veerus pakutud võimalustega ja leia mitu artiklit on 2012. aastal avaldatud ajakirjas Thin Solid Films: 5 artiklit
It was proposed by Joseph Fourier in 1824, discovered in 1860 by John Tyndall, was first investigated quantitatively by Svante Arrhenius in 1896, and was developed in the 1930s through 1960s by Guy Stewart Callendar. Solar activity Since 1978, output from the Sun has been precisely measured by satellites. These measurements indicate that the Sun's output has not increased since 1978, so the warming during the past 30 years cannot be attributed to an increase in solar energy reaching the Earth . The graphs show otherwise. Effects of global warming on oceans Global warming can affect sea levels, coastlines, ocean acidification, ocean currents, seawater, sea surface temperatures, tides, the sea floor, weather, and trigger several changes in ocean bio-geochemistry; all of these affect the functioning of a society. Impacts on society The rise in sea level along coastal regions carries implications for a wide range of
walls for privacy. In utilizing the Northern Pointe site, it is initially assumed that the envisioned facilities would be largely accommodated below grade, and that above grade structures would be intended to accommodate those functions demanding particular visibility and identity, such as a community recreation center. It is very possible that significant heating and cooling economies would be achieved by virtue of underground construction and the application of appropriate solar collection techniques. The southern face of proposed structures along Grant Road offer optimum orientation for collection of solar energy. Additionally, natural illumination of below grade spaces would significantly improve the quality of the indoor environment and has been recognized as an important component of the project. Available space analysis On the schematic site plan of the Northern Pointe site, a total area of some 200 feet by 450 feet is
Päikeseenergia Teele Meister 11.i PÄIKE Ø Suurim ja parim jõujaam maailmas! Ø Energiakogus, mis Päikeselt aasta jooksul maapinnale jõuab on ligikaudu 3000 korda suurem kui kogu maailma energiatarbimine Ø Päike annab maale kahe nädala jooksul rohkem energiat, kui kõik inimeste poolt kastutatavad fossiilsed küttevõimalused kokku Energeetika tulevik... Mis on päikesepatarei ehk Päikesekollektor? Ø Päikesepatarei on elektrotehniline seade, mis muundab Päikese valgusenergiat elektrienergiaks Ø Valdkonna spekter algab pisikestest taskukalkulaatoritest, kelladest ja lõpeb võimsate elektrijaamadega, kus väljundvõimsusi mõõdetakse megavattides Ø Tänapäevane silikoon-päikesepaneel kasuteguriga juba 10%, valmistati esmakordselt 1956 a. Esimesed 108 päikesepaneeli lennutati kosmosesse 1958 aastal Ø Päikesepatareisid kasutatakse näiteks kosmoselenn...
from 1930-34 visiting scientist at Harvard University. 3. Öpik was one of the most outstanding astrophysicists of his generation, with wide- ranging interests in the physical sciences. Among his many pioneering discoveries were:the first computation of the density of a degenerate body, named the white dwarf; the first accurate determination of the distance of an extragalactic object (Andromeda Nebula;the prediction of the existence of a cloud of cometary bodies encircling the Solar System, later known as the "Oort Cloud";the first composite theoretical models of dwarf stars like the Sun which showed how they evolve into giants;a new theory of the origin of the Ice Ages. 4. Öpik made many contributions to our knowledge of the minor bodies of the Solar System and founded the meteor research group at Harvard. His statistical studies of Earth-crossing comets and asteroids are fundamental to our understanding of the
1. http://www.fyysika.ee/uudised/?p=974 2. http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/cosmic_rays.html (Tõlkis Kristen Sepp, originaaltekst: Lisa1) 3. Füüsika õpik 12. klassile, Ain Ainsaar, lk 49 Kosmilised kiired, lõik 4 ja 5, Tallinn ,,Koolibri" 1996 4. Eesti Nõukogude Entsüklopeedia 4, Tallinn 1972 8 LISA 1 What are cosmic rays? Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) are the high-energy particles that flow into our solar system from far away in the Galaxy. GCRs are mostly pieces of atoms:protons, electrons, and atomic nuclei which have had all of the surrounding electrons stripped during their high-speed (almost the speed of light) passage through the Galaxy. Cosmic rays provide one of our few direct samples of matterfrom outside the solar system. The magnetic fields of the Galaxy, the solar system, and the Earth have
uurimiseks M A A TE A D U S vaakumkollektorid: päikesepaneelid: M A A TE A D U S Skypower HW/470 Series Solar Water Heater M Päikeseenergia rakendusi A Päikese- e. helioelektrijaama A tööpõhimõte TE A Päikese-elektrijaam Californias D U
The Romans saw this and built the town of Londinium around the river's main crossing point. The Romans gave britain: Language The language we used today was developed from the Romans. The Romans spoke and wrote in Latin and many of our words are based on Latin words. The Calendar the calendar we use today is more than 2,000 years old? It was started by Julius Caesar, a Roman ruler. It is based on the movement of the earth around the sun, and so is called the 'solar calendar.' The solar calendar has 365 days a year, and 366 days every leap year, or every fourth year. The names of our months are taken from the names of Roman gods and rulers. The month 'July,' in fact, is named after Julius Caesar himself! Laws and a legal system The laws and ways we determine what to do with someone who is accused of breaking a law came originally from the Roman Empire. The Census The Roman Empire was huge and included millions of people living over a large area. How did they keep
b) vali kitsamatest märksõnadest Rainforests, kliki ADD to Search, märksõna ilmub Avanced Search otsiaknasse, piira otsingut Full text only ja Scholary journals (tee kastikesse linnuke) ja soorita otsing. Mitu täistekstartiklit leidsid? Leidsin 1187 artiklit. Kasutades otsivõimalust "Sort results by" leia kõige vanema artikli autorid. Leidsin ainult ühe autori Mark J Plotkin 2.3. Otsing andmebaasist Science Direct. Leia artiklid teemal Semiconductors in solar cells. a) Ava andmebaas Science Direct, b) Vali Search/Journals, c) Moodusta otsiprofiil märksõnade ja otsiväljadega Keywords, d) Täpsusta otsingut, vali ainevaldkonnad: Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Materials Science, e) Analüüsi tulemuslehte, d) Täpsusta tulemusi vasakus veerus pakutud võimalustega ja leia mitu artiklit on 2012. aastal avaldatud ajakirjas Thin Solid
• Charged particles collide with molecules • Generate a glow • The strongest auroras are quite bright • The aurora occurs above: altitudes of 80 km infrequently above 500 km normal altitudes 110 and 200 How the Lights got their colors? • Every gas creates a different color • neon lights: helium – pink/white neon - red/orange argon - lavender krypton - gray/green The colors of auroras • Determined by gases in the Earth’s atmosphere • Solar particles collide with different gases • Oxygen (300km) – a rare red aurora • Oxygen (100-300km) – yellow-to-green aurora Do the Northern Lights emit sound? • Subject of discussion • Proven that people can hear natural auroral sounds • Energetic particles produce strange „clapping“ noise • Do not occur every northern lights outburst • Usually brief and faint • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHvdZdsIZxg Conclusion
to... • feed itself with minimal reliance on the surrounding countryside, and power itself with renewable sources of energy. • create the smallest possible ecological footprint • produce the lowest quantity of pollution possible • efficiently use land • compost used materials - Practical Achievement • Different agricultural systems - agricultural plots within the city – reduces distance. • Renewable energy sources - wind turbines, solar panels, or bio-gas created from sewage. • Methods to reduce air conditioning - planting trees and lightening surface colors, etc Practical Achievement • Transportation planning- Improved public transport and an increase in pedestrianization to reduce car emissions • Green roofs Conclusion Sustainable cities are the way of the future, perhaps the distant future, but it is clear there are aspects of sustainability that many
UURIMUSLIK TÖÖ SARNASUSED REFERATIIVNE TÖÖ Protsess mille käigus Uurimistöös ja referatiivses Referatiivse töö eesmärk on analüüsitakse uuritavat töös kasutatakse uuritavat anda teemast ülevaade ning probleemi süstemaatiliselt ja probleemi käsitlevaid jõuda erialase kirjanduse ajakohaselt struktureeritud refereeringuid erinevatelt otsimise ja sellega töötamisel viisil. Tulemuseks on kirjalik autoritelt, kuid nende omapoolsete järeldusteni, aruanne. Valdavalt võrdlemise ja analüüsi käigus mis põhinevad kogutud analüüsiva iseloomuga - tuleb jõuda omapoolsete materjalil. Referatiivne töö olulisel kohal on töö autori järeldusteni. Mõlemad on on teatud probleemi või järeldused, tõlgendused ja suunatud ühele probleemile teema kokkuvõtlik teaduslik üldistused. See on teadustöö, ning eesmärgiks on leida ülevaade...
Järgmisel aastal oli protsent 14. 1963. aastal paigaldas Jaapanis 242-vatise koguvõimsusega PV-paneelid teletornile, millest sai tollal maailma suurim päikeseenergiat kasutav objekt. 1970-ndatel aastatel hakati päikesepatareisid kasutama navigatsioonituledes, ruuporites, majakates, raudtee ülesõitudel ja kodumajapidamistes, kus tavaenergiavõrku ühendamine poleks end ära tasunud. 1982. aastal ehitas Paul MacCrady esimese päikeseenergiat kasutava lennuki (The Solar Callenger), millega ta lendas Prantsusmaalt üle kanali Inglismaale. Lennukil oli üle 16 000 PV-paneeli, mis olid asetatud lennuki tiibadele. 2000. aasta teisel poolel hakati CO2 emissiooni vähendamiseks toetama taastuvenergia tootmist ja kasutamist. Lõuna – Euroopas muutus massiliseks 30 kW võrguühendusega PV süsteemide lisamine hoonete katusele. Suurimaks päikeseenergia arendajaks sai Saksamaa. Eesti esimene tõsiselt võetav PV elektri kasutaja oli Veeteede Amet, mis varustas 1990.
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Infootsing raamatukogu andmebaasidest 2.1. Otsing andmebaasist Compendex Engineering Village platvormil. 2.1.1. a) Thermal treatment and physical properties and polyethylene b) ((((thermal treatment) WN All fields) AND ((physical properties) WN All fields)) AND ((polyethylene) WN All fields)) c) 200 artiklit d) Thermal treatment and physical properties and polyethylene e) (((((thermal treatment) WN CV) ) AND ((physical properties) WN CV) ) AND ((polyethylene) WN CV) ) f) 4 artiklit 2.1.2 a) 69 artiklit 2.2. Otsing andmebaasist ProQuest Science Journals. 2.2.1 a) Jim Brown heads a management consulting firm, Tech-Clarity Inc. in Media, Pa. b) Valisin advanced search. Sealt sisestasin otsiprofiili "Tools for all jobs" in Document title. Tegin linnukese full texti ette, autoriks kirjutasin "Jim Brown". Dokumendi tüübiks valisin Article. 2.2.2 a) · laiemad märksõnad: environment · kitsamad märksõnad: aquatic...
Easter Island is one of the most remote islands on Earth. Easter Island is only 15 miles long and 10 miles wide. The Polynesian Triangle is a region of the Pacific Ocean anchored by three island groups: Hawaii, Easter Island and New Zealand, often used as a simple way to define what constitutes Polynesia. The island has an area of 163.6 km2. Population is about 3791 (3304 people living in the capital of Hanga Roa). On July 11, 2010 at 18:15:15 a total solar eclipse occurred for the first time in Easter Island in over 1,300 years. Lan Chile flies to Easter Island, with flights operating between Santiago, Chile and Papeete,Tahiti. Airfare from Santiago,Chile to Easter Island and back costs approximately $800 US(About 9600 EEK). In May 1960, a tsunami hit Easter Island destroying the Tongariki ahu, carrying 15 multi-ton moai 700 yards (640 meters) inland. The lowest temperatures are registered in July and
are eaten, have come out straight of exhaust of engine and gas turbine burning gas. But still this carbon dioxide finds its way to atmosphere through our bodies. It is possible to save energy if you isolate your freezers what freezes fish. Then you can reduce your freexing temperature. Deserts would be amazing places to storage sunlight energy. But to do this, we have to forget AC, because we need DC lines. If many big countries would say, that roofs have to have solar cells, it saves a lot of energy and saves also money. In future, all new power stations have to offer carbon dioxide capture and also must pump it away.
Use less firewood and paper products Recycle old furniture and wood Educate yourself Ari Pollution Second largest environmental problem Industrial activities are the major causes Urbanisation Vehicular gas emissions dropped by 94% Burning trees Solution of air pollution Use more public transport To limit emissions of carbon dioxie Recycle different products Need to stop or low burning trees Clear the rainforests Use of wind power Use solar energy Waste disposal Brazil produces an enormous amounts of solid waste More than 161 000 tons of waste per day Recycles only 13% of waste Output of harmful gases Takes a lot of place from free lands All waste can get in water Solutions Not throw waste on streets Recycle Compost waste Conclusion Deforestation, Air pollution and disposal waste One of biggest country with many environmental issues Goverment needs to work on environmental problems
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