TALLINNA TEHNIKAÜLIKOOL Raadio- ja sidetehnika instituut Õppeaine: Side IRT3930 Laboratoorse töö: Traadita kohtvõrk WLAN Aruanne Esitaja: Imre Tuvi 061968IATB Juhendaja: Aimur Raja Töö sooritatud: 26.09.2007 Aruanne esitatud: ................... Aruanne tagastatud: ...........2007 Aruanne kaitstud: .............2007 Töö eesmärk Tutvuda traadita kohtvõrgu signaalide ja spektriga, tugijaamade ja klientarvutite seadistamisega ning hinnata võrgu omadusi ja parameetreid. Kasutatavad seadmed Laboris on 4 ühesugust töökohta 4 grupile ja lisaks spektrianalüsaator "Advantest R313A", sülearvuti ja veel üks WLAN tugijaam kanalil 1. Töökohal 2 on kasutada üks WLAN tugijaam, arvuti nr 4 WLAN jaoks ja arvuti nr 3 Ethernet jaoks. 1.Marsruuteri sisevõrgu DHCP serveri seadistus Variant Võrgu aadress Maski bittide ar...
NB! alltoodud tabelites on paketi iseloomustavas 'info' osas toodud sageli vaid kirjeldus, millist infot pakett sisaldas, kuna HTML failide ning piltide kahendkoodide siin toomine oleks osutunud liiga pikaks. Tervikliku logi sessioonist leiate siit.. Lehe avamine Kuna viimasest päringust võrku oli möödas suhteliselt kaua, saatis minu arvuti kõigepealt broadcast aadressile Address Resolution Protocol päringu, saamaks teed lüüsina (default gateway) märgitud arvutini, vastuseks pakett 2 marsruuteriks oleva arvuti MAC aadressiga: No Time Source Destination Prot Info Pikkus ocol (B) Who has 192.168.0.1? Tell 1 0.000000 eero.mshome...
Kihiline arhitektuur: kuidas see tekib ja milleks see hea on? 3-kihiline mudel: *rakendused, *arvutid, *võrk. Kihtide vaheline suhtlemine toimub läbi SAP-punktide (Service Access Point). Selle 3-kihilisele mudelile oleks vaja 2 tasemelist aadressi: *jaama aadress (network address) ja rakenduste poole pöördumise aadress (SAP address). Sõnum liiga pikk , siis transpordikiht jaotab selle väiksemateks tükkideks ning paneb igale tükile päise (header) juurde. Saadakse andmeüksus PDU (Protocol Data Unit). OSI raammudel(1984) jagab keerulise arvutitevahelise infovahetuse probleemi seitsmeks väiksemaks, iseseisvamaks ja lihtsamini käsitletavaks probleemiks. Igale seitsmest probleemist vastab mudelis üks kiht. OSI kirjeldab, kuidas informatsioon leiab tee rakendusprogrammist võrgumeediumi kaudu teise rakendusprogrammi teises hostis. 2. OSI mudeli üldmõisted: kihid, teenused, protokollid. OSI-mud koosneb seitsmest kihist. Naaberkih...
53B on pakett, milles 5B on p2is. 9600/48=200 200*53/0,01 V:8,48Mbit/s ATM võrgus kantakse üle sõnumit pikkusega 9600 baiti, leida minimaalne bitikiirus sidekanalis, kui sõnumi ülekandeks on aega 100 ms. 9600/48*53/0,1 V:0,848Mbit/s etherneti pakett;8 bait - preambul - ülesannetes ei arvestata;6 bait - saaja aadress;6 bait - saatja aadress; 2 bait pikkus;46-1500 - andmed (data);CRC - 4 bait. ATM võrgutehnooloogia kohaselt on paketi pikkus 53 baiti. Kuidas tuleks valida ülekantava infofaili pikkus, et saavutada maksimaalne ülekande efektiivsus. - ATM v6rgus on p2is 5 baiti, seega kasulik info 48 baiti. Infofaili pikkus peab olema 48 baiti, et tekiks t2isarv pakette. Ethernet võrgu (10 Mb/s) kanalikihis kanti üle pakette pikkusega 64 baiti. Leida 512-baidise infosõnumi ülekandeaeg. P2is 48+48+16+32=144...
80.160, 193.40.80.161, 193.40.80.162 ...). Klasse märgitakse kaldkriipsu abil selliselt: võrguaadress/võrgumask näiteks 193.40.80.0/24 Võrguaadress (ingl. k. network address) on klassi kõige väiksem IP aadress, antud näites 193.40.80.0. Võrku kuuluvate IP aadresside koguarvu saab leida sellise valemi abil aadresside arv = 2^(32 - mask) antud juhul aadresside arv = 2^(32 - 24) = 2^8 = 256 Võrgu kõige suuremat IP aadressi nimetakse leviaadressiks (ingl. k. broadcast address) ning ta arvutatakse sellise valemi järgi leviaadress = võrguaadress + aadresside koguarv alamklassis - 1 näites antud alamklassi 193.40.80.0/24 leviaadressiks saame leviaadress = 0 + 256 - 1 = 255 Tulemuseks on 193.40.80.255. Kõik klassi võrguaadressi ja leviaadressi vahele jäävad IP aadressid, kaasa arvatud võrgu- ja leviaadress ise, kuuluvad kõnealusesse klassi. Alamklassile vastavasse võrku kuuluvate arvutite IP aadressidena võib kasutada kõiki klassi...
40.80.160, 193.40.80.161, 193.40.80.162 ...). Klasse märgitakse kaldkriipsu abil selliselt: võrguaadress/võrgumask näiteks 193.40.80.0/24 Võrguaadress (ingl. k. network address) on klassi kõige väiksem IP aadress, antud näites 193.40.80.0. Võrku kuuluvate IP aadresside koguarvu saab leida sellise valemi abil aadresside arv = 2^(32 - mask) antud juhul aadresside arv = 2^(32 - 24) = 2^8 = 256 Võrgu kõige suuremat IP aadressi nimetakse leviaadressiks (ingl. k. broadcast address) ning ta arvutatakse sellise valemi järgi leviaadress = võrguaadress + aadresside koguarv alamklassis - 1 näites antud alamklassi 193.40.80.0/24 leviaadressiks saame leviaadress = 0 + 256 - 1 = 255 Tulemuseks on 193.40.80.255. Kõik klassi võrguaadressi ja leviaadressi vahele jäävad IP aadressid, kaasa arvatud võrgu- ja leviaadress ise, kuuluvad kõnealusesse klassi. Alamklassile vastavasse võrku kuuluvate arvutite IP aadressidena võib kasutada kõiki klassi kuuluvaid...
At present you can choose from lots of channels, some of them are state (which you can listen to everywhere in the state: CRo1) but most of them are private (they have many advertisements: Orion, Hellax, Radio City...). Broadcasting in GB The world famous British radio station is the BBC because they have their BBC World Service, which broadcast in 37 languages. - - the seat of the BBC is in London - - the total number of program hours is 800; one week audience of an English programs is about 25 mil people, the total week audience (with other 36 languages) is about 120 mill people - - there work about 120 journalists - - at the listening centre they listen to other 35 languages and many programs they want to find out some new news TV TV is maybe the most widespread media in cultivated countries...
It has two nature trails and camping and caravan club sites. A Visitors' Centre with gift shop and restaurants is open daily in summer and at weekends in winter. HISTORY OF SANDRINGHAM'S HOUSE Although a Royal residence for only 150 years, Sandringham abounds in history. It has seen the deaths of two monarchs; suffered its share of wartime tragedy; and been the venue for the first ever Christmas Broadcast . The story began in 1862. Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria, was looking for a country home for his eldest son, Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, before his twentieth birthday. The idea was to find a healthy retreat for his young son, away from the distractions of the city. Before a decision had been reached, the Prince Consort died suddenly of typhoid in December 1861. It was left up to his eldest son to conclude the house-hunt. After paying a visit to...
Each salah is done facing towards the Kaaba in Mecca. Salah is intended to focus the mind on God, and is seen as a personal communication with him that expresses gratitude and worship. Salah is compulsory but flexibility in the specifics is allowed depending on circumstances. In many Muslim countries, reminders called Adhan (call to prayer) are broadcast publicly from local mosques at the appropriate times. The prayers are recited in the Arabic language, and consist of verses from the Qur'an. 5|Page · Zakat, or almsgiving. This is the practice of giving based on accumulated wealth, and is obligatory for all Muslims who can afford it. A fixed portion is spent to help the poor...
replaced by David Ghrool. In 1991 they release their second album called Nevermind. Its certified a gold album. In 1992 Nirvana releases their third album Incesticide. Its a collection of Nirvanas rarities. In 1993 came new album In Utero. April 5th, 1994 Kurt Cobain is found dead of a self-inflicted shotgun wound. November 1, 1994 Nirvana's "MTV Unplugged" performance is released as MTV Unplugged in New York. Two tracks not aired on the MTV broadcast appear on the album. October 1, 1996 The Nirvana live album, From the Muddy Banks of the Wishkah, is released, featuring performances from 1989 to 1994....
A... AA Auto Answer AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting AAB All-to-All Broadcast AAC Advanced Audio Coding AACS Advanced Access Control System AAL Asynchronous Transfer Mode Adaption Layer AAM Automatic Acoustic Management AAP Applications Access Point [DEC] AARP AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol AAS All-to-All Scatter AASP ASCII Asynchronous Support Package AAT Average Access Time AATP Authorized Academic Training Program [Microsoft] .ABA Address Book Archive (file name extension) [Palm]...
Prudence; Anna Tõrv (1967 - 1999), one daughter Elisabeth and two sons Lachlan and James; Wendi Deng (1999 - present); two daughters Grace and Chloe Companies The News Corporation - Media & Entertainment Company Filmed Entertainment(20th Century Fox, Fox Studios LA, Blue Sky Studios etc.) Television(Fox Television Stations, STAR etc.) Cable Television(Fox Movie Channel, Fox News Channel, Fox Sports Digital etc.) Direct Broadcast & Satellite Television(DIRECTV, FOXTEL etc.) Magazines(Inside Out, News America Marketing etc.) Newspapers(Sunday Times, Weekly Times, The Australianetc. ) Books(Regan Books, Zondervan etc.) News Corporation Is a public company. Founded Adelaide, Australia(1979). Headquarters in New York City, formerly in Adelaide, Australia. Key people - Rupert Murdoch (chairman), Peter Chernin, David DeVoe, Lawrence Jacobs, José María Aznar. Employees 47,300....
3 aines Side (IRT3930) Traadita kohtvõrk WLAN ARUANNE Töö tegija: Juhendaja: Töö tehtud: 20.oktoober 2008 Aruanne esitatud: 4. detsember 2008 1. Töö eesmärk Tutvuda traadita kohtvõrgu signaalide ja spektriga, tugijaamade ja klientarvutite seadistamisega ning hinnata võrgu omadusi ja parameetreid. 2. Kasutatavad vahendid Laboris on 4 ühesugust töökohta 4 grupile ja lisaks spektrianalüsaator "Advantest R313A", arvuti nr 5 ja veel üks WLAN tugijaam kanalil 1. Töökohtadel WLAN tugijaam, vajalikud ühenduskaablid (võrgukaabel), kaks lauaarvutit. 3. Töö käik 3.1 WLAN tugijaama seadistamine Algseadistasime enda WLAN tööjaamad. Seejärel ühendasime arvuti kas Ethernet kaabli (või WLA...
In parts of Canada, especially the major cities of Montreal, Vancouver, and Toronto, multiculturalism itself is the cultural norm and diversity is the force that unites the community. In Quebec, cultural identity is strong, and many Quebecois commentators speak of a Quebec culture as distinguished from English Canadian culture. Canadian popular media is heavily influenced by America. Easy access to broadcast media has brought many American influences into Canadian culture since the mid20th century. As a reaction, many Canadians attempt to define Canadian culture by their heritage (Canadian Heritage Moment Commercials, Beer Brewing history, peacekeeping, hockey history) and values as different from those of the United States. At the same time, easy access to American media has allowed many Canadian performers and entertainers to succeed...
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Ethernet võrgu (10 Mb/s) kanalikihis kanti üle pakette pikkusega 64 baiti. Leida 512-baidise infosõnumi ülekandeaeg. P2is 48+48+16+32=144 b (ehk 18B). Seega yhes paketis on 64-18= 46B s6numit. 512/46=[12] paketti. Kogu ylekantav baitide hulk 12*64=12*46+12*18=768B=6144 b. t=6144/10000000=6,144*10-4s Ethernet võrgu kanalikihis kanti üle pakette pikkusega 128 baiti. Leida 512-baidise infosõnumi ülekandeaeg. 128-18=110 512/110=5 5*128=640B=5120 b.5120/10astmes 7 t=5,12*10-4sEthernet võrgu kanalikihis kanti üle pakette pikkusega 128 baiti. Milline on kasuliku info ülekande efektiivsus? 18B p2is-110B kasulik. Efektiivsus 110/128=86% Ethernet võrgu kanalikihis kanti üle pakette pikkusega 64 baiti. Milline on kasuliku info ülekande efektiivsus? 64-18=46=> 46/64=72% Ethernet võrg...
Elektromagnetväli materjalis. Levimine vabas Peegelduspinna ebaühtlaseks lugemiseks on järgmine kriteerium: ruumis. Elektromagnetväli materialis Pt Vaba ruumi kadu L0 on defineeritud kui tingimusel J = 0 kirja panna Maxwelli teise võrrandi saab juhul Pr 0 Gt = Gr = 1 . L sõltub ainult laine sfäärilisest levimisest × H = jE +E = j 0...
When it detects a burst, it swivels its telescopes toward the source to get a good fix and detect the afterglow--the lingering point of light that marks the spot where a burst originated. It also sends an alert to earthbound astronomers, who can take a closer look with bigger telescopes. Early on February 18, 2006, Swift recorded an outpouring of gamma rays from somewhere toward the constellation Aries. Within three minutes, the satellite had determined the position of the burst and broadcast an alert. Two days later, astronomers at a telescope in Arizona reported that the burst came from a small, nearby galaxy, only a fraction as far away as usual. Astronomers had already traced a connection between bursts and supernovas. But this burst was so close, and Swift had spotted it so quickly, that scientists hoped it would help confirm what they suspected: A gamma-ray burst is an exploding star's opening act....
In December 1995 Elizabeth wrote to Prince Charles and Princess Diana urging them to divorce, following the Princess's public statements about their marriage, which led to formal divorce proceedings being instituted. The couple were formally divorced on August 28, 1996. Following the death of Diana from injuries received in a car crash in Paris on August 31, 1997, Elizabeth came in for some public criticism for the apparent coolness of her response. Her live broadcast to the nation in tribute to Diana, which she made a week after the crash, partly restored public opinion. Diana's death, however, sparked much debate on the role of the monarchy, its perceived lack of "popular" touch, the formality of its institutions, and its size in terms of the number of royals with public duties. In November 1999 Australia voted in a referendum to retain their country's constitutional monarchy, thus maintaining Australia's ties with Britain...
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