MIS ON MANGROVE FOREST ÜLDSE? Mangrove swamps are found in tropical and subtropical tidal areas. Many mangrove forests can be recognized by their dense tangle of prop roots that make the trees appear to be standing on stilts above the water. This tangle of roots allows the trees to handle the daily rise and fall of tides, which means that most mangroves get flooded at least twice per day. The roots also slow the movement of tidal waters, causing sediments to settle out of the water and build up the muddy bottom. KAARDIGA SLAID Mangroves can be found in over 118 countries and territories in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The largest percentage of mangroves is found between 5° (degrees hääldad seda kraadi märki) North and 5° South latitudes.[20] Approximately 75% of world's mangroves are found in just 15 countries. Asia has the largest amount (42%) of the world's mangroves, followed by Africa (21%), North/Central Ameri...
FOREST BIOENERGY Outline Introduction: wood as a fuel Main body: diferent wood made energy products Conclusin: summarising the usage References Introduction • Fossil fuels: dominant source of energy. • Biomass accounts about 10% energy supply • Wood- based fuels from fast- growing species. • Forest biomass: reneweable energy • Forest biomass, mainly used in the Nordic countries. Wood based fuels sources •Energy forest •Forest biomass •Recycled wood Wood Biomass • Biologicalmaterial derived from living, or recently living organisms. • Can be used after converting it to various forms of biofuel. • Woodchips • Pellets Bioenergy • Energy produced from biomass. • Electricity, heat, and transportation fuels. • Eesti Energia and bioenergy. Benefits of Biomass • Environmental Benefits • Economic Benefits • Energy Benefits Biofuels • Solid fuels Pellets, briquettes
Semliki Forest viirus Grete Kuura Helerin Margus Avastamine ja levik 1944 a, Semliki mets, Uganda Isoleeriti moskiitodest nakatab närilisi, imetajaid Vektoriks lülijalgsed Kuuluvus Positiivse polaarsusega RNA genoom Alpha-sarnaste viiruste supersugukond Sugukond Togaviridae Perekond Alphavirus Liik Semliki Forest viirus Virion d= 65-70 nm Sfääriline Membraaniga nukleokapsiid Glükoproteiinidest ogad antiretseptor T=4 Genoom +RNA Ühekomponentne 11,5 kb Cap-struktuur ja poly(A) saba Elutsükkel Mõju peremeesrakule Translatsiooni ja transkriptsiooni mahasurumine Viirus-indutseeritud apoptoos Vektorites on infektsioon persistentne ja mittetsütotoksiline Kasutamine geenitehnoloogias Head mudelobjektid: 1. Lihtne genoom 2
Sustainable forest management Author: nimi Book by: Klaus von Gadow, Timo Pukkala, Margarida Tomé Sustainable forest management Topics · Scope of sustainability · Scope of development · A new perspective at sustainability Scope of sustainability · If we extinct some biological species, we can't recreate it. · If we substitute some spicies, what will be the consequenses. Author: Xvazquez Scope of sustainability · Renewable resources Source: Thegreatergreen (2011) Scope of history
Unit 9 Forest Party 1. Kirjuta puuduvad tähed. 1. When you enjoy doing something, you do it whip pleasure . 2. On your birthdayyours friends can give you the bumps . 3. When you give somebody a present, you need to wrap it up. 4. When you put bowls,cups, forks and knives on the table, you lay the table . 5. Of you want to say something to many people, you make a speech. 2. Kirjuta lünka sobiv eessõna. Vali siit : in / on / at 1. Why didn´t we go to the swimming pool on Tuesday afternoon ? 2. Little Peggy didn´t sleep well at night. 3. The pupils of class 6 went on a class trip on Monday morning. 4. Please come to my place in the evening. 5. All the animals had a meeting at noon. 6. They had a big garden party on Saturday night . 7. In the afternoon the headmaster made a speech. 8. My parents left for Helsinki on Thursday afternoon . 3. Vasta küsimustele...
3. slaid If we destroy some kind of spiece, we cant recreate it. They carrie unique information which cant be restored. Maybe in the future, the technology will get so far that they can recreate some extincted spieces. Here is araucaria mirabilis which was living approximately 160 million years ago If we create some culture on the field or cut down some alder forest and replace it with spruces, will it have interaction to the whole world? It's extremely difficult to answer, because there are so many factors. 4. slaid Renewable resources have became metaphor with meaning that its easy way to produce energy. Its easy to destroy our forests but it changes our ecosystem. They cause blowdowns, erosions and so on. 5.slaid scope of history Forests sometimes need to be updated
Animals in Estonian forest Fox Muutke teksti laade Teine tase Kolmas tase Neljas tase Viies tase Muutke teksti laade Information Teine tase Kolmas tase Neljas tase Length: body 50 cm -80 cm. Tail 30 cm- Viies tase 50 cm. Weight: 5 kg-10 kg. Adobe: swamps, undrewoods and cultural Landscapes. Food: birds, insects, small rodents, berries. Puppies: 4-7 Life: 3-10 years. (captivity 25 years) Looks: He has a very fluff coat. This gives the impressioon he would weighs as more Badger Muutke teksti laade Teine tase Kolmas tase Neljas tase Viies tase...
Artikli „Growth patterns from different forest generations of Scots pine“ analüüs Sandra Metsalaid, Allan Sims, Ahto Kangur, Maris Hordo, Kalev Jõgiste, Andres Kiviste, Pertti Hari. Erinevate põlvkondade männimetsade kasvu uurimine Eestis. Tegemist on eksperimentaalse artikliga. Artiklil on olemas kõik teaduslikule artiklile olulised osad. Lühikokkuvõte, sissejuhatus, meetodite ja materjalide tutvustus, tulemused, arutelu ja allikate loetelu. Artikkel on kergelt loetav ja jälgitav, info on edastatud selgelt ja loogiliselt. Artiklile lisatud graafikud ja tabel on olulised ja täiendavad sislulist poolt, joonis 1 pole artikli sisu kohalt vajalik Artikli eesmärk on uurida kliimamuutuse mõju hariliku männi kõrgus-ja juurdekasvule. Töös on püsititatud hüpotees, et 30-40a vanusevahega puistute arengus on suuri erinevusi, mis on põhjustatud kliimamuutusest ja mullaviljakuse muutusest viimase 100 aasta jooksul. Materjalide ja metoodika osas ...
Forestry and the Forest Industry in Japan Today I'm going to do a presentation about a book called ,,Forestry and the Forest Industry in Japan", edited by Yoshiya Iwai. --------------------- Participants in private forestry are classified into six categories: forestry households; companies; shrines and temples; joint holdings; various groups and cooperatives; and habitual joint holdings. Except for shrines and temples, these groups manage forests to produce income. In general, these forests are not very large: the average forest area per establishment was 3.7 ha in 1990
FOREST
INSECTS
The control of forest insects: general considerations
Economy of Estonia The economic growth during the recent years has been very fast. The Estonian economy is diverse industry and transport, as well as commerce and different branches of services are all equally important. Due to the available natural resources Estonian economy largely relies on the branches related to the forest; Estonian energy sector is based on oil shale. Finland and Sweden are the most important trade partners. The Estonian economy profits significantly from the business generated by more than 2 million tourists a year. The important sectors of the Estonian economy are the processing, transport, warehousing and communications, commerce and estate, rental and letting, as well as business services, agriculture, construction and government, education and health care. In
1. Key features for all studied biomes. Tundra The main seasons are winter and summer. The tundra is the world's coldest and driest biomes. The average annual temperature is -28° C. Nights can last for weeks when the sun barely rises during some months in the winter, and the temperature can drop to -70° C. During the summer the sun shines almost 24 hours a day. Summer are usually warm. Average summer temperatures range from 3° to 16°C. TaigaTaiga is the Russian word for forest and is the largest biome in the world. It stretches over Eurasia and North America. The taiga is located near the top of the world, just below the tundra biome. The winters in the taiga are very cold with only snowfall. The summers are warm, rainy, and humid. Some of the animals in the taiga hibernate in the winter, some fly south if they can, while some just cooperate with the environment. GrasslandsGrassland biomes can be found in the middle latitudes
of my friends Jane and Elisabeth were in a summer camp in Karepa. The weather was delightful: it was warm and there wasn't windy, so we decided to go and watch the sunset at the beach. Sadly we weren't allowed to go outside after 11 p.m. and it was already about 11.30 p.m., but we decided to go anyway. All three of us put on our darkest clothes so no one could see us. We sneaked out of our room and ran over a big hilly field into the dark forest. Unfortunately a strict teacher saw us and started coming towards us. We freaked out and started running through the forest. Luckily the teacher gave up looking for us very easily, but to my horror we had lost each other. I decided to run through the forest to the beach. The way was really short and the forest wasn't dense either, but I was still a bit scared, because I was alone. When I got to the beach I saw Jane and Elisabeth. We were relieved and happy to find each other
2. Millised on valdavad puuliigid?Leidsin esimeselt töölehelt, et peamised puuliigid on tamm, pöök, mänd, kask. 3. Leia 2-3 riigi metsa/metsanduse kohta sobivat fakti/iseärasust/probleemi, mis Sinu arvates on iseloomulikud just Sinu riigile. Puudus info. 2. Lingilt http://www.fao.org/forestry/country/en/ vali oma riik. Avaneb kaart, millelt näed metsade paiknemist riigis. Lehe vasakus servas saad menüüst valida lingi metsatüüpide kohta /forest types . Kopeeri kaart. Analüüsi metsavarade levikut/paiknemist riigis ja põhjenda, miks metsad just nii paiknevad (kasuta ka atlase loodusgeograafilisi kaarte). Milline/-sed on valdav/-avad metsatüüp/-bid? Leidsin küll kaardi, aga ei suutnud leia vasakul kirjeldatavat linki nimega Forest Types. Proovisin nende asemel Countries- Forests and the forestry section ja forestry policies, kuid ka seal ei olnud Suurbritannia kohta informatsiooni. 3. Lingilt http://www.fao
Ökosüsteemi teenused inim- keskkonnasüsteemide jätkusuutliku arengu vahend. Lapimaa metsa juhtumiuuring Soomes Sissejuhatus Ökosüsteemi teenuste(ecosystem services)(ÖT) kontseptsioon on teaduslikus metoodikas suhteliselt uus, pakkudes võimalikku lähenemist inimtegevuse tagajärjel toimunud ökoloogilistele probleemidele ning lahenduseks maakasutusega seotud probleemidele. Kuigi ÖT vastu on huvi nii teaduslikul, majanduslikul kui poliitilisel tasandil, on siiani avaldatud vaid mõned juhtumiuuringud. Antud töös uuritakse Lapimaa metsa häireid ÖTde ning maastikuplaneerimise vahel. Inimese ning keskkonna vahelised süsteemid on alati keerukad. ÜRO poolt toetatud Milleniumi Ökosüsteemi Hinnangu (2005)(Millenium Ecosystem Assessment) kohaselt on praeguseks 60% maailma ÖTdest kahjustunud. ÖTde lähenemine ühendab erinevad paradigmad ning uurimistraditsioonid sotsiaal-, majandus- ning keskkonnateadustest. Ökosüsteemide ...
What are the biggest dangers to wild animals in Estonia? Wild animals in Estonia, like in many other places in the world, are in danger. Forest industry, agriculture and other human activities in the nature, as well as pollution, disturb and even endanger the life of wild animals. Firstly, big forest machines disturb animals. For example, in winter the machines disturb animals who hibernate in winter. As a result, animals can leave their habitations and go somewhere else where is quiter. In addition to disturbing animals, the forest industry endanger wild animals' lives. Some machines can simply kill some animals accidentally. Besides, there are some species which are rear in Estonian forests. These species should be protected.
Atmosfäärilised signaalide edastamise revolutsioon algas 20.sajandi esimesel aastakümnel. Raadioside teerajajateks olid Nikola Tesla ja Guglielmo Marconi (füüsika Nobeli preemia võitja 1909.a). Atmosfäärilist sidet kasutatavate kommunikatsioonide arendajateks ja rajajateks olid John Logie Baird (televisioon), Alexander Graham Bell (telefon), Edwin Armstrong ja Lee de Forest (raadio), Charles Wheatstone ja Samuel Morse (telegraaf)
2. Where is prairie, pampas, steppe, and veldt situated? EurasiaSteppe, North America-Prairie, South AmericaPampa, South AfricaVeldt 3. Using the climate diagram describe the climate of the region. Temperate deciduous forest -Well-defined seasons with a distinct winter characterize this forest biome. Moderate climate and a growing season of 140-200 days during 4-6 frost-free months distinguish temperate forests. Temperature varies from -15° C to 25° C. Precipitation (750-1500 mm) is distributed evenly throughout the year. Temperate grassland- Semiarid, continental climates of the middle latitudes typically have between 25 cm and 50 cm of precipitation a year. Much of this falls as snow, serving as reservoir of moisture for the beginning of the growing season
There are six large areas of temperate grassland: the Pampas in South America, the Veld in Africa, the Canterbury Plains in New Zealand, the Murray-Darling Basin in Australia, the Prairies in North America and the Steppes in Central Asia. 2. Colour the distribution of temperate grassland on the map. 3. How is temperate grassland called in these regions? Eurasia - steppe Hungary - puzda North America - prarie South America - pampa South Africa - veldt 4. What is forest steppe (forest steppe – metsastepp)? A forest steppe is a temperate-climate ecotone and habitat type composed of grassland interspersed with areas of woodland or forest. 5. Describe the climate of temperate grassland. Temperate grasslands have a temperate continental climate, which is cooler than savannas. Temperate grasslands have warm, humid summers with an average temperature of 18° C and cool, dry winters with an average temperature of 10° C. Most of the rain falls as
1. What is a biome? A biome is a large area of distinctive plants and animals, which are adapted to that environment. The climate and geography determines which type of biome can exist there. 2. Using the map describe the distribution of the biome (tropical rainforest/tropical deciduous forest). Tropical rainforest South America, Africa (Madagaskar), Asia. Tropical deciduous forest South America, Asia, Australia 3. Compare the climates (tropical rainforest/tropical deciduous forest). Tropical rainforest is wetter than tropical deciduous forest. Both of these biomes have a warm climate all year long. Tropical deciduous forest has a well defined dry and a wet season. During the dry season, the trees in tropical deciduous forest lose their leaves. 4. Using the climate diagram describe the climate of the region (tropical
Urban Forestry Gene W.Grey Frederick J.Deneke Ants Nokkur Metsandus I Content Introduction Early history History Distribution Composition Popular species Benefits Planting trees Conclusion Introduction Ø An urban forest is a forest or a collection of trees that grow within a city, town or a suburb. Ø Urban forests plays an important role in ecology of human habitats in many ways: they filter air, water, sunlight, provide shelter to animals and recreational area for people. They moderate local climate and slowing wind. History of Urban Forestry Early History Ø Trees have been esthetically important to people since the earliest civilization.
Different types of forests and their forms of usage TARTU 2010 Forest A forest (also called a wood, woodland, wold, weald, holt, frith) is an area with a high density of trees. Forests cover approximately 30% of land and 9.4% of all the planet earth. They are also responsible for regulating our planet's climate and act as large purifiers of airs, by absorbing carbon dioxide, and giving out oxygen. Different types of forests Forests are divided into following main types: o Tropical forest o Subtropical forest o
America. Climate: The average temperature in temperate forests is 50° F. Summers are mild, and average about 70° F, while winter temperatures are often well blow freezing. The average yearly precipitation is 30-60 inches. This precipitation falls throughout the year, but in the winter it falls as snow. There are four seasons in this biome, with warm summers and cold winters, often snowy. In autumn, the leaves change color and fall from the trees. The leaves decay on the forest floor, so the soil is very rich. Because of this, and because of the long growing season, many deciduous forests have been cut down for farming purposes. Plants: Trees of this biome include hardwoods such as maple, oak, hickory, and beech. There are often some evergreens, such as hemlock, spruce, and fir growing amongst them. Decidous forests have usually 3-5 layers of plants; Top layer, or canopy: tall deciduous trees.
Forestry Importance: · Environmental-protective importance Oxygen Cleans the air/soils/ground water Protects the soil from erosion · Timber Firewood Woodwork Building materials Timber cellulose paper · Mushrooms/berries/juices · Habitat of different species Measuring the amount of forest: · Fixing the area under the forests (ha/%) -> In Estonia 47.4%, 2.143 mil/ha It doesn't take into account the amount of timber · To measure the amount of timber (m3) -> 352.7 mil/m3 It doesn't take into account the annual increase · To fix different species of trees (%) -> Pine 40%, Birch 30%, Spruce 20% · To measure the annual increase of timber (m3, ha, year) -> 9 mil. m3/ha/year Main principle of the economy of forests: Annual cutting should be equal to annual
amphibians and 2 extinct species.There lives 121 persons per 1 square kilometers. As one of only five areas with a Mediterranean type climate in the world, all of which are on the hotspot list, the California Floristic Province is characterized by hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. The region contains a wide variety of ecosystems, including sagebrush steppe, coastal sage scrub, chaparral, juniper-pine woodland, upper montane-subalpine forest, alpine forest, riparian forest, cypress forests, mixed evergreen forests, Douglas fir forests, sequoia forests, redwood forests, coastal dunes, and salt marshes. Today, about 80,000 square kilometers or 24.7 percent of the original vegetation, remains in more or less pristine condition. Sagebrush steppe coastal sage scrub chaparral subalpine forest redwood forests Made by: Kristjan-Artur Reek
Soovisime mitte raisata seda, mille hoidmisele tähelepanu tahame juhtida. Seepärast kasutasime oma töös meie kodukandi puidutööstuse Valmeco AS tootmisjääke. Värvimistöödeks kasutasime akrüülvärve. Skulptuuri hoiab vee peal tühjadest plastpudelitest parv. Skulptuuri autorid: Jessica Järvelt, Rezete Karu, Marilin Kuusk Jõgevamaa Gümnaasiumist Skulptuuri valmimise tehniline konsultant ja abiline puidu töötlemisel oli Varmo Ojamets. Juhendaja: Anne Jaama CRYSTAL FOREST Sculpture „Crystal Forest“ represents crystals made out of wood, which tips have been painted colorful. Usually it’s gold, silver or diamonds that are considered a country’s valuable treasures. Unfortunately, they are not found in Estonia, but we still have something to value and draw more attention to – it’s wood. Today, forests cover up to 55% of our country’s territory but it’s possible that this number might start decreasing quickly unless we start
SUURBRITANIA,ROOTSI,POOLA,SLOVAKKIA. 1) Võrdle metsaressursse 4s riigis.Milline neist riikidest on metsarikkaim? metsavaeseim? Milliste näitajate põhjal otsustasite? Kõige rikkaim neis riikidest on ROOTSI , sest Rootsis on ligikaudu 27,5 (1000 ha) metsa. Area (1000 hectares) FRA 2005 categories 1990 2000 2005 Forest 27,367 27,474 27,528 Võrdluseks: SLOVAKKIAKS: Area (1000 hectares) RA 2005 categories 1990 2000 2005 Forest 1,922 1,921 1,929 SUURBRITANNIAKS
majanduslik kasu saamata Justnimelt seetõttu proovitakse häiringuid majandatavates metsades viia miinimumini. Kuid samas osades metsades jällegi jäljendatakse metsahäiringuid, et tagada piisava liigirikkuse olemasolu. Kasutatud kirjandus Dale, V.H., Joyce, L.A., McNulty, S., Neilson, R.P., Ayres, M.P., Flannigan, M.D., Hanson, P.J., Irland, L.C., Lugo, A.E., Peterson, C.J., Simberloff, D., Swanson, F.J., Stocks, B.J., Wotton, B.M. 2001. Climate Change and Forest Disturbances.- BioScience, 51(9), 723-734. Fraver, S., White, A.S., Seymour, R.S. 2009. Blackwell Publishing Ltd Natural disturbance in an old-growth landscapeof northern Maine, USA.- Journal of Ecology, 97, 289-298. Kulakowski, D., Veblen, T.T. 2002. Blackwell Science, Ltd Influences of fire history and topography on the pattern of a severe wind blowdown in a Colorado subalpine forest.- Journal of Ecology, 90, 806-819. Laas, E., Uri, V., Valgepea, M. 2011
Element Wood Bark C 4850 5166 H 6,06,5 5,98,4 O 3842 24,340,2 N 0,52.3 0,30,8 S 0,05 0,05 Cl Max 0,01 0,010,03 Types of wood fuels The wood fuels can be classified by the origin of raw material as fuels from the forest or short rotation forest, and recovered wood. While fuels from the forest and energy forest can be considered environmentally friendly, the recovered wood fuels surely cannot. Calorific value The calorific value is the amount of heat generated by a given fuel mass when it is completely burned and it is measured with a socalled bomb calorimeter. The higher or gross calorific value and lower or net calorific value (qgr and qnet ,respectively) can be found via the calorific
A d o lp h in is a wild s e a a nim a l wh o is th e b e a s t o f p ra y. Do lp h ins live in th e s e a s a nd o c e a ns . A d o lp h in h a s a lo ng ne c k a nd s m a ll te e th . T h e y a re lo ve ly, p re tty, c le ve r a nd frie nd ly. T h e y c a n s wim we ll . T h e y c a nno t jum p a nd fly. Do lp h ins like to e a t fis h . A bear is a wild animal who is a beast of pray It lives in the forest. It has a short neck. Bears are cruel and rude. They can run, hunt and skip. Bears cannot fly and jump. They like to eat berries, meat and fish. A tiger is a wild animal who is a beast of pray. It lives in the forest
Kuigi illegaalsed raied on probleemiks võib loota, et nende osakaal väheneb kuna paljud riigid ja edasimüüjad ei osta enam puitu ega puidutooteid mis pole sertifitseeritud. Selline survestamine võib Indoneesia metsadele pikas perspektiivis kasulik olla. Kasutatud kirjandus Achmaliadi, R., Adi, I.G.M., Hardiono, Y.M., Kartodihardjo, H., Malley, F.CH., Mampioper, D.A., Manurung, E.G.T., Nababan, A,. Pangkali, L.B., Ruwindrijarto, L.L.M., Wardiyono. 2002. The State of the Forest. Global Forest Watch. FAOSTAT. [http://faostat3.fao.org/home/E] (20.11.2014) FRA. 2010. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010. Country Report. Indonesia. Hillring, B. 2006. World trade in forest products and wood fuel.- Biomass and Bioenergy, 30, 815-825. Pirard, R., Irland, L.C. 2007. Missing links between timber scarcity and industrial overcapacity: Lessons from the Indonesian Pulp and Paper expansion.- Forest Policy and Economics, 9, 1056-1070. Rodrigue, J
(2) Kus D on puistu diameeter sentimeetrites, ning c1, c2, - puuliigist sõltuvad parameetrid. 4 TABELID JA JOONISED Tabel 1. Eesti pindala jagunemine maakategooriate järgi (Mets2011 2013) Eesti pindala1 Riigimetskonnad2 Teised Eesti pindala3 valdajad Land category Maakategooria Total area State forest Other owners Total area 1000 ha % 1000 ha % 1000 ha % 1000 ha % Metsamaa 2212,0 50,6 806,1 77,3 1405,9 42,3 2212,0 48,9 Forest land sh metsaga 2086,1 47,7 761,1 73,0 1325,0 39,8 2086,1 46,1 of which stocked metsata 125,9 2,9 45,1 4,3 80,9 2,4 125,9 2,8 unstocked
erilisi kohastumisi Mangroovitaimed *taluvad soola *harunev õhujuurestik (mutta kinnitumiseks) Mangroovi loomastik Erinevad linnud *haigrud veeloomad *mudahüpik(taustal) *krabid *kalad Kasutatud materjal http://makanature.blogspot.com/2007/03/mangroovi d.html http://vesimaismaa.weebly.com/lisamaterjal- huvilistele2.html http://www.mesa.edu.au/cams/pdf/mangroves.pdf http://www.livingheritage.org.nz/schools/primary /hauraki/mangrove-forest/chain-gang.php http://www.livingheritage.org.nz/schools/primary/haura ki/mangrove-forest/chain-gang.php Tänan tähelepanu eest !
põllumajandus Artificial kunstlik Reforesting taasmetsastamine Seedling võrse Coniferous okas- Timber puit Utilizing kasutades Subsidized riigitoetust saav Afforestation metsastamine Subsidy toetus Affiliated tütar- Prevailing ülekaalus Deteriorate halveneb Labour tööjõud Confront vastu seisma Monetary rahaline Accompanying kaasasolev Silviculture metsakasvatus Revenue tulu Incentive stiimul Entrust usaldama Steep järsk Labour-intensive tööjõumahukas Decline langus Virgin forest põlismets Secondary forest taastunud mets Overstate ülehindama Subsequently järgnevalt Tendency kalduvus Incremental kasvav Pulpwood pabripuit Stumpage puidu langetamise hind Rapidly kiiresti Resemble sarnanema Consistent järjepidev Asserting kinnitades Contrary vastupidi Postwar sõjale järgnev aeg Prewar sõjale eelnev aeg Exceed ületama Sufficiency piisavus Stagnation seisak Comparative võrdlev Deterministic deterministlik Stochastic
Shelli Massingale NOR Shelli Massingale (NOR) Rene Blunt SWE Rene Blunt (SWE) Hortense Marquette EST Hortense Marquette (EST) Solange Bradberry FIN Solange Bradberry (FIN) Mercedez Harrigan LV Mercedez Harrigan (LV) Tiffaney Santacruz NOR Tiffaney Santacruz (NOR) Amber Fanelli ITA Amber Fanelli (ITA) Elwanda Forest UA Elwanda Forest (UA) Keshia Steinfeld SWE Keshia Steinfeld (SWE) Louanne Proehl ITA Louanne Proehl (ITA) Matylou Nisbet SWE Matylou Nisbet (SWE) Myrta Knaub LV Myrta Knaub (LV) Arianne Wen HUN Arianne Wen (HUN) Darby Oles SWE Darby Oles (SWE) Keira Elledge ITA Keira Elledge (ITA) Lorena Kell UA Lorena Kell (UA) Tiny Kish HUN Tiny Kish (HUN)
Stacee Anwar EST Stacee Anwar EST Terese Dobbs EST Terese Dobbs EST Shelli Massingale NOR Shelli Massingale NOR Rene Blunt SWE Rene Blunt SWE Hortense Marquette EST Hortense Marquette EST Solange Bradberry FIN Solange Bradberry FIN Mercedez Harrigan LV Mercedez Harrigan LV Tiffaney Santacruz NOR Tiffaney Santacruz NOR Amber Fanelli ITA Amber Fanelli ITA Elwanda Forest UA Elwanda Forest UA Keshia Steinfeld SWE Keshia Steinfeld SWE Louanne Proehl ITA Louanne Proehl ITA Matylou Nisbet SWE Matylou Nisbet SWE Myrta Knaub LV Myrta Knaub LV Arianne Wen HUN Arianne Wen HUN Darby Oles SWE Darby Oles SWE Keira Elledge ITA Keira Elledge ITA Lorena Kell UA Lorena Kell UA Tiny Kish HUN Tiny Kish HUN
Estonia Estonia is small but beautiful country in the east of Europe. Estonia area is about 45 thousand km2 and there is living about 1,4 million people. Estonia is very developed country in IT clime. Example in our country you can choose parliament through the internet. Estonia has a lot of forest. Almost half of Estonia terrestrial has capped with forest. Estonia is washed and influenced by the Baltic sea from west and the Gulf of Finland in the North. Estonia has very good geographical location. This gorgeous country is European union east border (since May 2004). Estonia is quite low country. The highest peak is 316 meter high. It is called Munamägi, and it lies in east of Estonia. Estonia has over the thousand lakes. The biggest lake is Peipsi, which separates Estonia from Russia. The biggest rivers are the river Pärnu
My Most Unforgettable Childhood Experience I was spending my holiday in my summer cottage. It was a warm night and we were playing cards i my friend's balcony. It was about 1o'clock a.m. and we were getting sleepy. We decided to go to sleep and as my parents were already sleeping , I had to go home by myself. There is a forest near our house and a little lamp with green shimmer leads into the forest. When I looked straight to it, I saw a man in a black coat, who was standing in a green light.At the same time my friend shouted something to me and I turned my head.When I looked back the man had dissapeared. I was terrified and ran home. I was still trembling when I got in to my bed. In the morning I was retelling the story to my parents and when I finished,they gave me a big hug to me. When I asked,what was going on they said that
Christmas time The elves were very busy at the last Christmas. They ran around in the North Pole. In Santa's toy factory were busy times, because all gifts weren't finished. Also there were problems with reindeers, little elf Ville forgot to feed them and no they were ill. Santa was little bit upset. Ville was sad, he thought he ruined the Christmas, Ville wanted to make a gift for Santa. Elf boy Ville went to in to the deep forest, he had heard that in this forest live magical creatures who can fulfill your desires. Ville saw a bonfire behind the trees, he went there and he saw big giants dancing around the fireplace. Giants understood his concern. They told Ville:"You have to believe in themselves". Ville felt he got more strength inside him, he went back to North Pole. Ville fixed all broken toys, take care of reindeers, cleaned the rooms and put the sleigh ready. Santa was ready to ride and all gifts where in homes at the right time
For example, tourists prefer clean area against dirty and polluted place. Finally mass tourism can increase population of country. In fact, sometimes tourist can go back and start his life there. On the otherhand, unfortunately there are some negative aspects aswell. Firstly, with mass tourism comes pollution. For example, tourist throws carbage on the ground because there are no garbage cans around. Another bad aspect is that tourists disturb wildlife. Hordes of tourists can go to forest and scare wild animals. Last but not least, is that places are spoiled by over-development. In fact, they chop down forest to build hotels and restaurants. In conclusion, there are number of strong points both for and against mass tourism. However, i think that being against mass tourism is more rightful than being in favour of accepting it. Andres Vambola 12D
Across the Baltic Sealies Sweden in the west and Finland in the north. The territory of Estonia covers 45,227km2 The Estonian climate resembles that of other countries on the Baltic littoral. On account of the country's proximity to the sea, the skies are often cloudy, and rain often falls in the spring and autumn, in the winter the rain turns to snow. The highest point in Estonia is Suur Munamäg It is in fact the highest point in the Baltic region Forest cover over one half of Estonia. The most common types of tree are pine, spruce and birch. Estonia, along with Finland and Sweden are the countries with the greatest percentage of forested land. Forest management and wood production are particularly important for the Estonian economy. One third of Estonian forests are protected areas. In these protected forests you can come across types of primeval forest cover, which have long ago disappeared from other parts of Europe
Alaska, Canada, Sweden, Finland, inland Norway and Russia, as well as parts of the extreme northern continental United States, There are two major northern Kazakhstan and Japan, the taiga is types of taiga, closed found throughout the high northern forest and lichen latitudes, between the tundra, and the woodland. Examples of plants in the taiga biome steppes. The taiga is the world's largest are Siberian Spruce, The taiga experiences relatively low terrestrial biome
Some scientists still do not think that the effects of global warming are as severe as some people say. They think that droughts, hurricanes, and floods often blamed on global warming might actually have other causes. One major difficulty in studying global warming is the fact that weather data only exists for the last century and a half. As a result, understanding the present and predicting the future are very difficult. Rain forest destruction The atmosphere and oceans are not the only parts of the environment being damaged. Rain forests are being quickly destroyed as well, and their survival is questionable. E.O. Wilson, a biologist at Harvard, called the depletion of rain forest areas "the greatest extinction since the end of the age of dinosaurs." Unlike some environmental issues, rain forest depletion has fortunately received significant public and media attention.
Fernández said it was essential to act now before South America's dolphins go the same way. The pink river dolphin, or boto, is already classified as vulnerable by the IUCN's Red List of Threatened Species Rare Fat-Tailed Dwarf Lemur The species of dwarf lemur found at the DLC, Cheirogaleus medius, is native to the dry deciduous forests common in western and southern Madagascar. These small lemurs can live in primary forests, established secondary forests as well as the gallery forest of the southern spiny desert. Typically solitary foragers, the dwarf lemurs have a diverse diet consisting mostly of fruit and flower nectar. While they are thought to be less carnivorous than mouse lemurs, they too eat insects and small vertebrates. Dwarf lemurs may be responsible for pollinating some species of baobab trees. In addition, they play an important role in the ecology of the tropical forest by aiding in the dispersal of small seeds. As a part of their
1 364 100 people and 30 people per sq km. Capital of Estonia is Tallinn. Population in Tallinn is about 397 150 people over a third of the nation. The biggest cities are Tartu, Narva and Pärnu. 70% of Estonians live in towns. All of the towns are old. · Estonia has 7000 rivers and streams. · Forests comprise slightly under half on Estonia's territory. · Scots pine, spruce, birch, aspen and alder are the most popular in the forest. · There are also a lot of animals: elks, roe deers, boars, brown bears, wolves etc. · About 10% of Estonia is a nature reserve. Estonians speak Estonian. It is used as a mother tongue by just under 1.1 million people. Estonian is one of the world's smallest cultural languages. It belongs to the FinnoUgric language family, which also includes Finnish and Hungarian. · Estonians have a very long tradition of sing
Wild animals in danger 11.02.2010 Wild animals in Estonia, like in many other places in the world, are in danger. Forest industry, agriculture and other human activities in the nature, as well as pollution, disturb and even endanger the life of wild animals. Firstly, there is a serious habitat problem because, after pollution or destruction, habitats take many years (sometimes hundreds or even thousands) to grow again. Pollution and destruction change the balance of nature. Each species in a habitat (for example, wood, jungle, marsh or forest) needs and helps the rest. As a result, forests are been cutting down
father married again. This queen was very pretty but she was also very cruel. The wicked stepmother wanted to be the most beautiful lady in the kingdom and she would often ask her magic mirror, "Mirror! Mirror on the wall! Who is the fairest of them all?" And the magic mirror would say, "You are, Your Majesty!" But one day, the mirror replied, "Snow White is the fairest of them all!" The wicked queen was very angry and jealous of Snow White. She ordered her huntsman to take Snow White to the forest and kill her. The huntsman didn't manage to kill Snow White. Snow White escaped to the Forest and found a house where 7 dwarfs lived. They let her stay with them if Snow White kept the house clean and cooked for them. Soon the Queen found out that huntsman didn't kill the Snow White. She decided to kill Snow White by herself. She pretended to be an old lady and went to the house where the 7 dwarfs lived. The wicked witch offered her the poisoned apple and when she took a bite,
corresponded to reality. Once very tired, We were walking to bed. As several of my friends and we decide joke from a friend who has slept. We supported the story is a terrible story.We started to rekindle he aloud. He is very scared, even the tent began to fly. After such a fun night we were preparing to go home. Coincidence of things to say farewell to the lake and went. The road into town was long, and sang all the way. suddenly the car stopped in the middle of the forest road. Most scared, others thought that we would joke. But unfortunately it was not laughter and not a prank. The car is out of fuel, and the city is still very far away. Then, we decide to leave their cars and travel on foot. We were walking for a long time, and suddenly we met a group of tourists, which was looking into the forest. We decided to scare them, apsimeteme iDEN and running around and threatening them. The road was very long
Patong is equally well known for its nightlife. Patong is also a shopping option in Phuket. The northern end of Patong Bay is called Kalim and is a popular place for viewing the sunset and between April and September each year for surfing. Khao Phra Thaeo Wildlife Conservation Development and Extension Centre- It's duty is to promote, distribute and wildlife within Khao Phra Thaeo wildlife park. The park is full of virgin forest and also actively conserves a number of wild animals;they would otherwise be extinct in Phuket. It is a center for study of the environment and the forest vegetation is spectacular. Giant trees supported by huge buttresses are thick with creepers and climbers of every description. Local culture Vegetarian Festival or Nine Emperor Gods Festival-Phuket islanders of Chinese ancestry commit themselves to a 9-day vegetarian diet, a form of purification believed
Today, I want to pay your attention to a house called Forest Spiral (or Waldspirale in German), which is situated in Darmstadt, Germany, Frankfurterstrasse street. This city with a population of 141 thousand citizens is known to be a «city of science», so there is no surprise that such an eccentric and creative house was built there in 2000. Many of us reading fairytales have dreamt about living in magic houses and this twelve-storey building twisted in a shell is a dream come true. This eye-catching
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