Winters last at least 5- most common are Bald Eagle, Long-Eared 6 months, with average temperatures Owl and Ravens. below freezing. Temperatures vary from -50 °C to 30 °C. The summers, while short, are generally warm and humid. Taiga is a biome characterized by coniferous forests. Covering most of inland Alaska, Canada, Sweden, Finland, inland Norway and Russia, as well as parts of the extreme northern continental United States, There are two major northern Kazakhstan and Japan, the taiga is types of taiga, closed
Temperate deciduous forests, woodlands and shrub Tartu 2008 Location: Temperate forests are typical of all European continent, the Eastern region of Asia (in special, Chinese and Japan) and North America. Also are finded in tempered areas of South America. Climate: The average temperature in temperate forests is 50° F. Summers are mild, and average about 70° F, while winter temperatures are often well blow freezing. The average yearly precipitation is 30-60 inches. This precipitation falls throughout the year, but in the winter it falls as snow. There are four seasons in this biome, with warm summers and cold winters, often snowy. In autumn, the leaves change color and fall from the trees. The leaves decay on the forest floor, so the soil is very rich.
Different types of forests and their forms of usage TARTU 2010 Forest A forest (also called a wood, woodland, wold, weald, holt, frith) is an area with a high density of trees. Forests cover approximately 30% of land and 9.4% of all the planet earth. They are also responsible for regulating our planet's climate and act as large purifiers of airs, by absorbing carbon dioxide, and giving out oxygen. Different types of forests Forests are divided into following main types: o Tropical forest o Subtropical forest o Plantations o Boreal forest o Temperate forest o Seasonal or monsoon forest Tropical and Subtropical Forests Tropical and subtropical forests, also known as rainforests or tropical rainforests, are lavish and ample forests with broad leave tree. They are mostly found at lowlands near the equator - Asia, Africa, South & Central America and on many of the Pacific Islands
are two different types of grasslands; tall-grass, which are humid and very wet, and short-grass, which are dry, with hotter summers and colder winters than the tall-grass prairie. In the winter, grassland temperatures can be as low as -40° F, and in the summer it can be as high 70° F. There are two real seasons: a growing season and a dormant season. Deciduos forest The average annual temperature in a deciduous forest is 50° F. The average rainfall is 30 to 60 inches a year. In deciduous forests there are five different zones. The deciduous forest has four distinct seasons, spring, summer, autumn, and winter. In the autumn the leaves change color. During the winter months the trees lose their leaves. The animals adapt to the climate by hibernating in the winter and living off the land in the other three seasons. DesertDeserts cover about one fifth of the Earth's land surface. Deserts temperature ranges from 20 to 25° C. The extreme maximum temperature ranges from 43.5 to 49°
Forestry Importance: · Environmental-protective importance Oxygen Cleans the air/soils/ground water Protects the soil from erosion · Timber Firewood Woodwork Building materials Timber cellulose paper · Mushrooms/berries/juices · Habitat of different species Measuring the amount of forest: · Fixing the area under the forests (ha/%) -> In Estonia 47.4%, 2.143 mil/ha It doesn't take into account the amount of timber · To measure the amount of timber (m3) -> 352.7 mil/m3 It doesn't take into account the annual increase · To fix different species of trees (%) -> Pine 40%, Birch 30%, Spruce 20% · To measure the annual increase of timber (m3, ha, year) -> 9 mil. m3/ha/year Main principle of the economy of forests: Annual cutting should be equal to annual increase. Trees are divided into:
1. Loopealsed 2. Nõmmemetsad 3. Palumetsad 4. Laanemetsad 5. Salumetsad 6. Soovikumetsad 7. Rabastuvad metsad 8. Rohusoometsad 9. Samblasoometsad 10. Kõdusoometsad ALVAR FORESTS LOOPEALSED METSAD This groupof types includes forests of low productivity and with a peculiar xeromesophilous ground vegetation, which grow on a layer of limestone, gravel, grit or shingle. See metsa kasvukohatüüp sisaldab madala tootlikkuse ja iseloomulikult suure või keskmise kuivusnõudlikkusega alustaimestikku, mis kasvab pae-, kruusa- , peenkruusa või klibukihil. This layer is close to surface, with thickness of soil up to 30 centimetres. See rinne on maapinnale lähemal, mullatüsedus on kuni 30 sentimeetrit.
Forestry and the Forest Industry in Japan Today I'm going to do a presentation about a book called ,,Forestry and the Forest Industry in Japan", edited by Yoshiya Iwai. --------------------- Participants in private forestry are classified into six categories: forestry households; companies; shrines and temples; joint holdings; various groups and cooperatives; and habitual joint holdings. Except for shrines and temples, these groups manage forests to produce income. In general, these forests are not very large: the average forest area per establishment was 3.7 ha in 1990. Groups operating forests of less than 100 ha control 67% of the total area. Hence forests are not necessarily owned by a few large concerns. Private ownership of forestland was officially permitted after the Meiji restoration of 1868, which marked the end of feudalism. Previously, forestland was legally owned collectively for the use of local communities
amphibians and 2 extinct species.There lives 121 persons per 1 square kilometers. As one of only five areas with a Mediterranean type climate in the world, all of which are on the hotspot list, the California Floristic Province is characterized by hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. The region contains a wide variety of ecosystems, including sagebrush steppe, coastal sage scrub, chaparral, juniper-pine woodland, upper montane-subalpine forest, alpine forest, riparian forest, cypress forests, mixed evergreen forests, Douglas fir forests, sequoia forests, redwood forests, coastal dunes, and salt marshes. Today, about 80,000 square kilometers or 24.7 percent of the original vegetation, remains in more or less pristine condition. Sagebrush steppe coastal sage scrub chaparral subalpine forest redwood forests Made by: Kristjan-Artur Reek
Urban Forestry Gene W.Grey Frederick J.Deneke Ants Nokkur Metsandus I Content Introduction Early history History Distribution Composition Popular species Benefits Planting trees Conclusion Introduction Ø An urban forest is a forest or a collection of trees that grow within a city, town or a suburb. Ø Urban forests plays an important role in ecology of human habitats in many ways: they filter air, water, sunlight, provide shelter to animals and recreational area for people. They moderate local climate and slowing wind. History of Urban Forestry Early History Ø Trees have been esthetically important to people since the earliest civilization. Ø Botanical gardens began to evolve during the Middle Ages. Ø
TARTU VEERIKU KOOL New Guinea animals and plants Koostaja: Tauri-Viljar Vahesaar Juhendaja: Priit Pensa Tartu 2009 Table of content Introduction................................................................................................................................................3 The forests of New Guinea .......................................................................................................................5 The problem with trading wildlife.....................................................................................................6 Animals of the lowlands....................................................................................................................8 Reptiles...................................................................
Glycerides, Etyl Palmitate, Octyl Palmitate, Palmityl Alcohol Impacts on health • Contains no trans fats but contains same amount of saturated fats as butter • Increases the level of cholesterol in body which can lead to heart diseases • How to avoid palm oil in your diet – avoid packaged and processed foods. Cook your own meals from natural whole foods Impacts on environment • Oil palms are grown in tropics – Asia, Africa, Latin America • Large areas of tropical forests and other ecosystems with high conservation values have been cleared to make room for vast monoculture of oil palm plantations. This clearing has destroyed critical habitat for many endangered species—including rhinos, elephants, tigers and orang-utans – the biggest victims • Burning forests to make room for the crop is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions. Intensive cultivation methods result in soil pollution and erosion and water contamination
NWF pani National Wildlife Federation in aastal 1993 kirja kümme põhjust miks me peaksime 1993 listed ten reasons why vihmametsad päästma. we should save the rainforests: 10 reasons · 1. People have no right to destroy the rainforests for their own purposes inimestel ei ole õigust hävitada vihmametsasid oma kasuks. · 2. Destroying the forests may change the worlds weather patterns metsade hävitamine võib muuta maailma ilmastiku mustrit. · 3.The loss of the forests are causing serious problems such as soil erosion and water pollution metsade kaotus tekitab tõsiseid probleeme nagu pinnase erosiooni ja vee saastatust. · 4.Wood products in which the rest of the world depends, may soon become scarce and more expensive Puu tooted, millest ülejäänd maailm sõltub,
European Environmental Databases 2018 1. According to Corine Land Cover, has the total area of natural grasslands increased or decreased in Estonia between 1990 and 2006? By how many hectares? According to CLC the total area of natural grassland in Estonia has increased by 39 779ha. 2. And in Europe? In Europe it has also increased, by 19 007 228ha. 3. What about "Broad-leaved forest" (Corine Land Cover code 311) in Estonia? Increased or decreased? By how many hectares? Broad-leaved forests have increased by 43 8834ha. 4. What was the water exploitation index for Emajõgi sub-basin in the summer of 2012? 0.03% 5. When did Estonia emmitted more Ktons of CO2, in 2015 or in 1990? What is the difference between both years in ktons? Estonia emmitted more Ktons of CO2 in 1990. The difference between both years is 7745 ktons. 6. Which was the European country that produced the highest amount of rape and turnip rape seeds in 2016
Canada's largest city, Montreal, is also largely French. Next to Paris in France it is the largest French- speaking city in the world. Canada belongs to British Commonwealth of Nations. It rules itself in very much the way the United States. Its capital is Ottawa. The country is divided into provinces and territories. Both the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia are much bigger than the states of Texas. Furs, farms, forests and fisheries make up much of Canada's wealth. The country is also rich in minerals. Canada has copper, lead, silver, gold and other metals. The discovery of rich oil fields in Alberta in 1947 has made oil production one of Canada's leading industries. South of Newfoundland is one of the greatest fishing regions in the world. Much of Canada is covered with forests. A great deal of the wood from the forests in Quebec is used for making paper. Western forests produce much timber
The republic of Ireland Class 10 Road signs New signs are in kilometric scale , but some old signs are still in mile scale There are multilangual signs Forests Ireland has only about 8 % of his whole land covered with forests. Centuries ago people destroyed the forests Now there is mostly peat. Economy 25 % of europe computers come from ireland Ireland had a big economic boom in late 20'th century but now its back on top Ireland has the second highest per capita income of any country in the EU next to Luxembourg Construction plays big part in Irish economy The weather Irish think there is 4 kinds of weather Typical Irish weather is few minutes rain , few minutes sun then again rain and so on
Natural Zones and Flora. There are five distinguishable natural zones in Australia. In the very east there are wet forests (1.) that occupy the space between the Great Dividing Range and the eastern coast. Westward from the Great Dividing Range the wet forests give place to beautiful grasslands with some trees . These grasslands are called the savannas (2.). Farther west the trees disappear and the bushlands (3.) begin. The real desert (4.) occupies the centre of the Western Plateau. In the very southwest there are thin forests of evergreen trees (5.). Most of Australian trees are kinds of eucalyptus trees (or gum trees to Australians) and acacia ( wattle to Australians). Eucalyptus trees are found everywhere in Australia
I'd like to present the main issues of our planet and today i'll name 5 of them. These are air pollution, water pollution, endangered animals, deforestation and rubbish. Air pollution Firstly, lets talk about air pollution, which endangeres our life in cities and also the forests near by. Cars and factories blow poisoned gas in the air and it mixes with the oxygen, so the air that we breathe, becomes dangerous to our health. The ozone layer around the Earth, there is a special type of oxygen called ,,ozone". Ozone is important because it stops ultraviolett radiation from the sun. Many aerosol sprays and factories destroy ozone and they have made a very big hole in the ozone layer. This means that too much ultraviolet radiation now enters the Earth
speaking population. Largest province by area. second-largest administrative division. Bordes West by the province of Ontario, James Bay and Hudson Bay. North by Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay. East by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Newfoundland and Labrador and New Brunswick. South the U.S.A. Geography 90% of Quebec's territory lies within the Canadian Shield The Eastern Canadian forests cover the Appalachian Mountains Climate Most of central Quebec has a subarctic climate. Winters are long, very cold, and snowy. Summers are warm but very short. History At the time of first European contact and later colonization, Algonquian, Iroquoian and Inuit tribes were the peoples who inhabited what is now Quebec. Hélène Desportes, born July 7, 1620, to the French
skin cancer. *Do not dump rubbish. *Reduce production of sprays. *Change ignorant attitude to our surroundings. Dead forests *Acid rain *Less natural habitats. *Campaigns against factories. *Extreme dryness *Lack of Oxygen. *Deserts are expanding. Situation Reason Consequences Suggestions to solutions
say. They think that droughts, hurricanes, and floods often blamed on global warming might actually have other causes. One major difficulty in studying global warming is the fact that weather data only exists for the last century and a half. As a result, understanding the present and predicting the future are very difficult. Rain forest destruction The atmosphere and oceans are not the only parts of the environment being damaged. Rain forests are being quickly destroyed as well, and their survival is questionable. E.O. Wilson, a biologist at Harvard, called the depletion of rain forest areas "the greatest extinction since the end of the age of dinosaurs." Unlike some environmental issues, rain forest depletion has fortunately received significant public and media attention. Despite the opposition to the cutting down of rain forests, the problem continues. Every year, Brazil
Canada extends across the continent of North America, from Newfoundland to British Columbia. Over 5000 km of border separate Canada and the United States. Climate/Land The northern part of Canada has very long, cold winters. Over most of the rest of Canada the winter are longer and colder than in the United States. Only in the southern part and on the west coast is the climate as mild as in the western part of the United States. Towering mountains, crystal-clear lakes and green forests make Canada's far west a beautiful region. Fields of wheat and other grains cover Canada's vast prairies. Much of Canada is covered with forests. Western forests produce much timber. Much of Canada's soil is thin and rather poor. During the Ice Age almost all of Canada was covered with sheets of ice. These ice sheets moved southward. As they did so, the carried away much soil from Canada and pushed it down into the United States. Stretching west from the Great Lakes and
spectacular scenery. The region boasts mountains as high as 4,500 meters, peninsulas, and one of the largest archipelagos in the world. The climate of the Mediterranean Basin is dominated by cool, wet winters and hot, dry summers, and rainfall ranges from as little as 100 millimeters to as much as 3,000 millimeters. Although much of the hotspot was once covered in evergreen oak forests, deciduous and conifer forests, eight thousand years of human settlement and habitat modification have distinctly altered the characteristic vegetation. Today, the most widespread vegetation type is hard-leafed or sclerophyllus shrublands called maquis or matorral, which include representatives from the plant genera Juniperus, Myrtus, Olea, Phillyrea, Pistacia, and Quercus. This vegetation is similar in appearance to the chaparral vegetation of California and the matorral of Chile
Kanada metsamajandus Berit Annabel Loomägi Audentese e-gümnaasium 2018 Kanada • 42% Kanada pindalast on kaetud metsaga • Kanada metsad moodustavad 10% terve maailma metsadest • Enamjaolt on puudeks kuused, männid ja paplid Joonis 1: Kaart, mis näitab Kanada erinevaid metsapiirkondi Tööstus • Enda riigi puidu vajadused rahuldab Kanada ise • Lisaks on puidu ning puittoodete eksportijatest maailmas teisel kohal Korraldus • 18. ja 19.sajandil oli suureks ohuks met...
Public attention further increased in the 1970s when the New York Times published reports about problems occurring in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire. Effects of Acid Rain Today there are several important impacts of acid deposition on both natural and man-made environments. Aquatic settings are the most clearly impacted by acid deposition though because acidic precipitation falls directly into them. Both dry and wet deposition also runs off of forests, fields, and roads and flows into lakes, rivers, and streams. As this acidic liquid flows into larger bodies of water, it is diluted but over time, acids can accrue and lower the overall pH of the body. Acid deposition also causes clay soils to release aluminum and magnesium further lowering the pH in some areas. If the pH of a lake drops below 4.8, its plants and animals risk death and it is estimated that around 50,000 lakes in the United States and Canada have a pH below normal (about 5
Greenpeace programs target multiple areas of ocean defense, centering primarily on pollution and unfair or abusive fishing practices. 2 Many electronics and other products contain toxic chemicals and heavy metals that are difficult to dispose of and impossible to recycle. Greenpeace studies the effects of these chemicals on water, air and the human body and advocates substituting safer alternatives for dangerous materials. 3 Logging and clear-cutting of ancient forests drive species of plants and animals toward extinction and threaten the lives of people whose survival depends on the forest's resources. Greenpeace protects forests by educating the public about the origin of tropical woods, holding governments accountable for clear-cutting and even by camping in trees to stave off loggers. 4 The world maintains an armory of 30,000 nuclear weapons, and several countries actively pursue the technology to develop even more. Greenpeace's
Researchers have confirmed that a wild tiger, photographed by a farmer in the Qinba Mountains of Shaanxi Province, Central China, is indeed that of the critically endangered South China tiger. The South China tiger classified as one of only five subspecies of tiger still alive today is extremely rare, with only an estimated 20 to 30 still remaining in the wild. The wildlife and conservation group WWF says the South China tiger is actually native to the Hainan most forests of south-east China, and because there are so few individuals left, it is regarded by many scientists as being "functionally extinct" in the wild. But a group called Save China's Tigers has been working on a captive- breeding programme and hopes to reach an agreement with China's State Forestry Administration to reintroduce captive-bred animals into the wild. If all goes well, the first individuals could be reintroduced to coincide with the Beijing Olympic Games in 2008.
Estonia is mostly flat with average elevation of only about 50 meters above sea level. The relief of the present day lanscape was shaped suring the Ice Age. The hilly terrain was also shaped by the continental ice and melting waters. The land still rises 25 cm in every 100 years. Kalevipoeg, the national hero, is related to many features of the relief. The Baltic Glint is one of the world's most important denudations of Ordovician sedimetary rocks. Half of Estonia is covered with forests and 30 % is covered with wetlands. The areas which are higher and particularly rich in hills are the Haanja and Otepää Uplands in the southeastern part of Estonia. In Haanja Upland there is the highest top of Estonia, Big Egg Hill (318 m), which is the highest top of the Baltic states. There are over 1400 lakes in Estonia. Lake Peipsi, lying between Estonia and Russia, covers 3 555 sq km. It is the biggest in Estonia and the fourth biggest in Europe
average precipitation is biggest on the western slopes of the Sakala and Haanja Uplands. Snow cover, which is deepest in the south-eastern part of Estonia, usually lasts from mid-December to late March. Flora and fauna. Estonia is a small country and areas of unspoiled nature are very rare. Our plants and animals have been developing only for 10000 years, since the last Ice Age, and they are not represented in a great variety. Once Estonia was almost totally covered with forests. In the middle of the 20 th century only about 20% of the land was covered with forests but now the number has increased to 50%. The most common trees are pine, birch, spruce, aspen and oak. Some of the territory of the forests is protected. Forests are the home for many animals. The most common mammals in our forests are the elk, roe deer, wild boar, hare, hedgehog, fox etc. Some endangered species like the brown bear, lynx and wolf are represented in smaller numbers. All in
Forest industry, agriculture and other human activities in the nature, as well as pollution, disturb and even endanger the life of wild animals. Firstly, there is a serious habitat problem because, after pollution or destruction, habitats take many years (sometimes hundreds or even thousands) to grow again. Pollution and destruction change the balance of nature. Each species in a habitat (for example, wood, jungle, marsh or forest) needs and helps the rest. As a result, forests are been cutting down. And what has taken the place of these green, natural places? Houses, farms, cities, streets, roads and factories. Because of this (and pollution, too) several species are dying all over the world. In addition , if one animal, bird or insect disappears, all the others suffer too. And all living beings belong to the circle of life. And when one link is missing, the circle of life can´t function normally. A further problem is hunting. Man has always been a hunter
few decades. Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 percent. Consumption of everything on the planet has risen- at a cost to our ecosystems. In 2001, The World Resources Institute estimated that the demand for rice, wheat, and corn is expected to grow by 40% by 2020, increasing irrigation water demands by 50% or more. They further reported that the demand for wood could double by the year 2050; unfortunately, it is still the tropical forests of the world that supply the bulk of the world's demand for wood. In 1950, about 15 percent of the Earth's land surface was covered by rainforest. Today, more than half has already gone up in smoke. In fewer than fifty years, more than half of the world's tropical rainforests have fallen victim to fire and the chain saw, and the rate of destruction is still accelerating. Unbelievably, more than 200,000 acres of rainforest are burned every day
The first one is definately my family and friends. It is good to live in a country when you know, that you have your loved ones by your side. They can help you in every situation or even when you have nothing to do and you need some entertainment. Also, when your problems seem to grow over your head and you feel that you need to share them with someone. The second good thing about living in Estonia is the nature. We have many beautiful places in our amazing country the best example are the forests. In many European countries, the biggest forest you can find is the size if Hiiumaa, but half of our country is forests with many species of wild-animals. Thirdly, we have our own language. Estonian is one the most unique languages in the whole wide world. Sadly, many youngsters do not want to speak it and instead, they speak English and ohter languages, which seem more interesting. We are losing our native speakers fast and
recreate some extincted spieces. Here is araucaria mirabilis which was living approximately 160 million years ago If we create some culture on the field or cut down some alder forest and replace it with spruces, will it have interaction to the whole world? It's extremely difficult to answer, because there are so many factors. 4. slaid Renewable resources have became metaphor with meaning that its easy way to produce energy. Its easy to destroy our forests but it changes our ecosystem. They cause blowdowns, erosions and so on. 5.slaid scope of history Forests sometimes need to be updated. We need to take down trees with diseases. But we cant cut down trees which have cultural information in them. There may have some text beaten in from thousands years ago. Here is a tree which has old bicycle in it. 6.slaid Scientist may strive and work out ,,safe" genetical plant modificating but do we
Canada is a vast country, with a territory of 3.8 million square miles of land and fresh water it is the second biggest country in the world after Russia. Canada covers most of the northern part of North America. Canada has over 151,480 miles of coastline. Most of Canada's human population lives along its southern border. 3. Relief Canada's geography is very diverse. It has huge lakes, evergreen forests, prairies, meadows and beautiful mountains. There are thousands of miles of coastline with beaches, fjords and wild rivers flowing to the oceans. Canada is a country of wide open spaces and beautiful landscape where traveling visitors can unexpectedly bump into wild animals like bears or be struck by unusual sight like the scarecrows on the Cabot Trail. Canada is rich in natural
Skulptuuri valmimise tehniline konsultant ja abiline puidu töötlemisel oli Varmo Ojamets. Juhendaja: Anne Jaama CRYSTAL FOREST Sculpture „Crystal Forest“ represents crystals made out of wood, which tips have been painted colorful. Usually it’s gold, silver or diamonds that are considered a country’s valuable treasures. Unfortunately, they are not found in Estonia, but we still have something to value and draw more attention to – it’s wood. Today, forests cover up to 55% of our country’s territory but it’s possible that this number might start decreasing quickly unless we start taking the state of forests more seriously. A good forest grows approximately 70 years so the young peole who plant trees on their land, won’t probably be building houses with them, instead their children or grandchildren will. We dream of Estonia, where even the children of our kids know what the word Forest means and can walk there any time, pick berries or go
Environmental Issues and Sustainable Development in Estonia We are all a part of the environment that surrounds us. Unfortunately, people do not always know how to take care of the things that are vital to our survivor but what we take for granted such as water, air and forests products. However, things have improved in recent years. What has been done to improve the environment in Estonia? People today are too lazy to think or to do something to protect the environment. They dump their waste into forests and even rivers which causes air and water pollution. Fortunately, people have come up with different organisations and events to help clean our envrionment. An annual event such as ,,Teeme ära!" motivates people to go out, spend time
Picure0 Fauna Picture1 Contents · Facts · Mammals · Imphibians · Birds · Summary · My opinion · Fish · References · Insects · Reptiles · Danger Facts · Animals living mostly in forests · Birds first animals in Estonia · 135,600 species of incents · 350 species of verebrates Mammals · 65 different species of mammals · No endemic species Picture2 · Tremendous amount Picture3 · Specific mammals in Estonia · Importance Picture4 Picture5 Imphibians · Most common: grassfrog · Good conditions · Benefit · Nature protection
Canada is a vast country, with a territory of 3.8 million square miles of land and fresh water it is the second biggest country in the world after Russia. Canada covers most of the northern part of North America. Canada has over 151,480 miles of coastline. Most of Canada's human population lives along its southern border. Geographical facts. Canada's geography is very diverse. It has huge lakes, evergreen forests, prairies, meadows and beautiful mountains. There are thousands of miles of coastline with beaches, fjords and wild rivers flowing to the oceans. Canada is a country of wide open spaces and beautiful landscape where traveling visitors can unexpectedly bump into wild animals like bears or be struck by unusual sight like the scarecrows on the Cabot Trail. Canada is rich in natural wonders, one of them, the Niagara Falls between lakes Erie and
road signs All speed limit signs in the Republic changed to the metric system in 2005. Some direction signs still show distance in miles so tourists often mix them up. There are usually about 10 signs or more on one post , and its really hard to see them when driving, so tourists disturb traffic quite often when slowing down to read the signs All the signs are multilingual ,due to high percentage of English speakers Forests Ireland has only about 8 % of his whole land covered with forests. Centuries ago people cut the forests and didn't think about the future so nowadays there is mostly peat ( turvas) which Ireland uses to produce energy. Economy Ireland had a big economic boom in the late 20'th century, but now the Republic of Ireland is ranked the second wealthiest per capita country in the European Union. Education in Ireland is free at all levels, including college. The construction sector, which is inherently cyclical in nature, now accounts for a significant
Territory and landscape Canada is one of the largest countries in the world. It covers nearly 4 million square miles. It is dividend into ten provinces( British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Alberta, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Newfoundland ) along with two territories( the Yukon, the Northwest territories ). The capital city is Ottawa. Canada is a country rich in forests. It borders in the south with The United States and it's surrounded in the west by the Pacific Ocean, in the east by the Atlantic Ocean and above by many smaller bays, but is also borderedd with Alaska in the north-west. To the north of Canada is the broad Canadian Shield, an area of rock scoured clean by the last ice age, thinly soiled, rich in minerals, and dotted with lakes and rivers. Canada by far has more lakes than any other country and has a large amount of the world's freshwater
autumn, in the winter the rain turns to snow. The highest point in Estonia is Suur Munamäg It is in fact the highest point in the Baltic region Forest cover over one half of Estonia. The most common types of tree are pine, spruce and birch. Estonia, along with Finland and Sweden are the countries with the greatest percentage of forested land. Forest management and wood production are particularly important for the Estonian economy. One third of Estonian forests are protected areas. In these protected forests you can come across types of primeval forest cover, which have long ago disappeared from other parts of Europe. Examples of such primeval forests are the Järvselja forest in Tartumaa County and Poruni in Ida- Virumaa County. Meadows in Estonia are rich in different species much more so than in Western Europe. Estonia is a country of thousand of lakes. In the Estonian territory there are about 1200 natural lakes
Viies tase o Red pandas have long, bushy tails. o On their heads are two large white and black ears. o The muzzle area around the nose is also covered in white fur. Ha b i t a t o Red Pandas live in Nepal, Burma, southern China and surrounding areas. o They live in Himalaya forests and in mountains, bamboo forests and thickets. Live in trees. o Be h a v i o r Red pandas are fast climbers and will use their tails to balance o when running in trees. Red panda sleeps during the day. o When they wake up, then they clean their fur like cats. o Their enemy is snow leopard. o Red pandas use their sharp claws to defend themselves. o They can even stand up for ten seconds. o
on the southeast and Idaho to the east. The area was inhabited by many indigenous tribes before the arrival of traders, explorers and settlers. · The Oregon Territory was created in 1848 after American settlement began in earnest in the 1840s. Oregon became a state (33rd) on February 14, 1859. · Oregon enjoys a diverse landscape including a scenic and windswept Pacific coastline, the volcanoes of a rugged and glaciated Cascade Mountain Range, dense evergreen forests, and high desert across much of the eastern portion of the state. · The towering Douglas firs and redwoods along the rainy Western Oregon coast provide a dramatic contrast with the lower density and fire prone pine tree and juniper forests covering portions of the Eastern half of the state. The eastern portion of the state also includes semiarid scrublands, prairies, deserts, and meadows. These drier areas stretch east from Central Oregon
could almost say we are a huge city not a country. And that has influenced us in a very remarcable way. Since the time we can remember we have been under Danes, Swedes, Germans, Russians, Polans and other. We have taken their traditions into our daily lives and forgotten ours. But still despite the fact that we bearly know our own language structure or our old traditions,we try to awake them once again. Estonia is one of the worlds wealthiest countries when it comes to forests. Almost half of the country is covered with the divercity of trees.Also we have many big rivers. Nowadays there are many possibilities to hike in the forests or to go for a ride on the river.Many company`s have started to give out this kind of service and it is very popular not only among the inhabitants of Estonia but also among tourists. Economical tourism shows that people still have a sence of responsibility towards nature
83% of phosphorus and 79% of nitrogen originates from human activities of the total discharge of biogenes from Pärnu River basin. The soil does not bind a huge amount of the nutrients. 65 % of the treatment plants are over 15 years of age and most of them are programmed in a way, that when the water level exceeds some point, the sewage water will be sent directly to the outflow or in some cases to some biopools. There are a lot of straight drainage systems, ditches and dykes near the forests and farmlands which used to be excessively damp. This contributes a lot to the flooding in the spring, because the water will reach the main river in a very short time. The flood plain grasslands located along the riverbanks are the typical example of plant communities formed as a result of the joint influence of river floods and human activities. They used to maintain the grassland through hay-making but now the endorsements are
· For example, a larger number of plant species means a greater variety of crops; greater species diversity ensures natural sustainability for all life forms; and healthy ecosystems can better withstand and recover from a variety of disasters. · And so, while we dominate this planet, we still need to preserve the diversity in wildlife. Loss of Biodiversity and Extinctions · It is feared that human activity is causing massive extinctions. From various animal species, forests and the ecosystems that forests support, marine life. · The costs associated with deteriorating or vanishing ecosystems will be high. · However, sustainable development and consumption would help avert ecological problems. Nature and Animal Conservation · Preserving species and their habitats is important for ecosystems to self sustain themselves. · Yet, the pressures to destroy habitat for logging, illegal hunting, and other challenges are making conservation a struggle.
Quebec (Quebec City), Saskatchewan (Regina), Newfoundland and Labrador (St. John's), Northwest Territories (Yellowknife) and Yukon Territory (Whitehorse). Geographically, Canada can be divided into five major regions: the Pacific Region, the Prairie Provinces, Central Canada, the Atlantic Provinces and the North. The Pacific Region includes Canada's westernmost province, British Columbia. The region is known for it's mild coastal climate, its forests and its spectacular mountains, including the famous Rockies. Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba are Canada's Prairie Provinces. They are known for their rolling plains and extreme climate with long, cold winters and hot, dry summers. Much of the area is covered with farms producing wheat and other grains. The region is also rich in oil and natural gas. Central Canada includes Ontario and Quebec. It is not geographically the centre of Canada.
Jõgeva maakond Endla nature reserve It is located on the borderline of Järva, Jõgeva and West-Viru counties. It is mostly known for various marshes, fens, quaking bogs, lakes, canebrakes, wellsprings, rivers, fen forests, fens and mesotrophic mires, marsh forests, meadows, diverse flora and fauna. Jõgeva town The small town of Jõgeva town is located on the eastern side of Middle-Estonia. You won't find large buildings or breathtaking architecture here, but an overwhelming sense of togetherness and plenty of cultural events, the majority of them geared towards younger people. Jõgeva town was born 130 years ago, thanks to the Tapa-Tartu railway: this is where the first train stopped and a village formed around the railway station
built in the early 1900s. History. Two hundred years ago there were no white people in Australia. The only inhabitants were dark-skinned people who were still living in a Stone Age. Their only weapons were stone knives and boomerangs. But their tribes had very well-worked- out customs. A few aborigines still live in the emptier part of the continent. In 1770, the British explorer Captain Cook raised the British flag. Cook found there a pleasant climate and beautiful forests. The British initially used Australia as a gigantic prison camp for convicts from Britain. Then other people from Britain began to settle there as well. The Aborigines were cruelly suppressed, and it is only recently that white Australians have begun to acknowledge Aborigines' rights to their sacred lands. Population and people. In 1901, all the separate parts of Australia united into one country. Many of the people, who came to Australia to find gold, stayed there on
but can flourish wherever heat and rainfall are abundant. Today, palm oil is grown throughout Africa, Asia, North America, and South America, with 85% of all palm oil globally produced and exported from Indonesia and Malaysia; but most of the time not using sustainable measures. The industry is linked to major issues such as deforestation, habitat degradation, climate change, animal cruelty and indigenous rights abuses in the countries where it is produced, as the land and forests must be cleared for the development of the oil palm plantations. According to the World Wildlife Fund, an area the equivalent size of 300 football fields of rainforest is cleared each hour to make way for palm oil production. This large-scale deforestation is pushing many species to extinction, and findings show that if nothing hanges, species like the orangutan could become extinct in the wild within the next 5-10 years, and Sumatran tigers less than 3 years.
Acid rain Priit Norak, 11A Acid rain is rain that has a higher than normal acid level. Causes of acid rain Power plants Exhaust from cars Burning oil or natural gas Volcanic eruptions Intense lighting How? Effects of acid rain Heart and lung problems Polluted water Dead fish and animals Destroyed forests Steel corrosioin Stone erosion How to reduce acid rain? Reduce CO2 emission from cars Use electric cars Use alternative energy sources Reduce the ammount of energy we use Public transport Spread knowledge! Let’s keep our Earth healthy!
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