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The early middle ages The Norman Conquest Since William was crowned king, there were many rebellions against the Normans. A small Norman army marched from village to village and destroyed the ones it couldn't control. The Normans took away the Saxon lords' land. Only a few Saxons who supported William could keep their land. Feudalism William gave parts of his conquered land to his captains around the country to avoid rebellions and uprisings. He also kept some land to himself to make sure his was much stronger than his nobles. Of all the farmland half went to his nobles, quarter to church and fifth he kept to himself. William organised the English kingdom according to feudal system. The main purpose of using that system was economic. King gave the land to "vassals" in return of army services and goods. When a noble dies, his son took over the estate. When there was no family, the land went back to king who could give it to another noble or just keep it for a few years. In 1086 he
Book 3) Conventicle Act 1665 prohibited public worship outside State Church 4) Five Mile Act 1665 prohibited the expelled ministers and teachers from coming whithin 5 miles of any corporate town The emergence of the two-party system 1) The exclusionists or Whigs (from Whiggamore, an insulting name), they wanted to exclude James from the succession of throne. Supporters were merchants, capitalists, landed magnates and Puritan lower middle class. 2)The Anti-Exclusionists or Tories were in favour of James´succession. Their supporters were Royalists, Cavalier genrty, monarchy and its alliance wih the Anglican Church and rural masses The Glorious Revolution 1688 It replaced the reigning king, James II with Mary and her dutch husband, William of Orange James was chatolic. Whigs rose up against him, they made a contact with Orange which dashed the hopes of Mary´s son passing a throne.
*The Venerable Bede Bede was a Christian monk, he was the most learned man in Europe at that time. He is remembered mainly for his "Ecclesiastical History of the English People." This five volume work records events in Britain from the raids by Julius Caesar to the arrival of the first missionary from Rome. Bede's writings are considered the best summary of this period of history ever prepared. Some have called it "the finest historical work of the early Middle Ages." *The coming ofe the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Frisians to Britain Very little is known about the first several hundred years of the Anglo-Saxon era, primarily because the invaders were an illiterate people. It is known that they established separate kingdoms: the Saxons settled in the South and West, the Angles in the East Anglia, Mercia, Northumbria and the Jutes in Kent. They probably thought of themselves as separate peoples, but they shared a common language and similar customs.
The Middle Ages The Middle Ages are one of the most turbulent periods in English history. The Middle Ages are so called as the middle period between the decline of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance. The Middle Ages started in 1066. with the Battle of Hastings and the Norman Conquest. William the Conqueror took all the lands from the Saxon English and gave these to French nobles. Normans were known as great builders. This is assured by the fact that many great castles and other buildings, including the Tower of London, were built during the Norman Conquest. In 1086. Domesday Book was compiled. It is a detailed survey of England ordered by William the Conqueror. The
officers. It so reminded people of the paintings of the Day of Judgement, or `doom', on the walls of their churches that they called it the Domesday Book. The Domesday Book still exists, and gives us an extraordinary amount of information about England at this time. William's policies cost English many of their liberties, but brought them peace and order. To understand the idea of kingship and lordship in the early Middle Ages it is important to realise that at this time there was little or no idea of nationalism. William controlled two large areas: Normandy, which he had been given by his father, and England, which he had won in war. Both were personal possessions, and it did not matter to the rulers that the ordinary people of one place were English while those of another were French. To William the important difference between Normandy and England was that as duke of Normandy
Medieval England 1066-1485 Eva Asper Anna Pohlak 11.c The Norman Dynasty The Norman Conquest In the 11th century, Normans conquered England - The Battle of Hastings 14.10.1066 The Anglo-Saxon forces had more soldiers but the Normans had better military tactics and won in the end thanks to a clever strategy William I, also known as William the Conqueror, replaced King Harold on the throne The invasion was completed by 1071 - The Norman invasion is depicted on the Bayeux Tapestry a long embroidered cloth The death of King Harold embroidered on the Bayeux Tapestry The Norman England William I ensured his power by dividing the land into parts and making 1/7 of it a royal domain He made his nobles swear an oath of allegiance and become his vassals Died in 1087 while fighting in France, was succeeded by his third son, William II Rufus William II was very unpopular:
Irish corn crops remained unaffected, but they were exported. Profit counted more than human lives. The Victorian age is also known for its literary achievements. Charles Dickens is considered one of the greatest English novelists of all time. His books included "Oliver Twist", "Old Curiosity Shop", "Nicholas Nickleby" and others. He became very rich and used his wealth for the antislavery movement, social housing projects and international copyright laws. At the same as the middle classes were expanding in Victorian Britain, so were the working classes. New industries were developed, new factories were built and Britain's products were exporter all over the world. Life in the new factories was one of terrible hardship. Men, woman and children were forced to work fifteen or sixteen hours a day in dangerous and unhealthy conditions for poor wages. Parliament was forced to come to terms with the new social conditions. The Reform Act of 1832 was follower by other urgently
The Saxons & Vikings Fragmentary knowledge of England in the 5th & 6th centuries comes from the British writer Gildas, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, saints' lives, poetry, archaelogical findings and place- name studies. British landlords ruled small, unstable kingdoms and continued some Roman traditions of governance. In the mid-5th cent, Vertigern, a British leader, hired Germanic mercenaries to help defend against peoples of the north (Picts & Scots). In the end they revolted & the process of invasion and settlement began. The first Saxon ,,kings" were Hengist & Horsa in Kent, Aelle in Sussex, Cerdic / Cynric in Wessex. So the first ,,English" became mainly from Northern Germany & Denmark. The resistance of the Celts was long. They were free at the time, not like other Roman provinces on the Continent. Around 500, the Britons seem to have won several victories. One of their leaders was Ambrosius Aurelianus and one of their victories was at the place called Mount Bad
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