Architecture Early Anglo-Saxon buildings in Britain were generally simple, constructed mainly using timber with thatch for roofing. The Anglo-Saxons built small towns near their centres of agriculture. In each town, a main hall was in the centre. The architectural character of Anglo- Saxon ecclesiastical buildings range from Coptic influenced architecture in the early period; basilica influenced Romanesque architecture; and in the later Anglo-Saxon period, an architecture characterised by pilaster-strips, blank arcading, baluster shafts and triangular headed openings. There are few remains of Anglo-Saxon architecture, with no secular work remaining above ground. All surviving churches, except one timber church, are built of stone or brick and in some cases show evidence of re-used Roman work. Art Anglo-Saxon art is mainly known today through illuminated manuscripts. Although they are the most well known to have survived
patronage,he gave hands and privileges to people who were loyal to him when he needed it. The Domesday Book was the record of the great survey of England, executed for 'William the Conqueror'. The survey was similar to a census by a government of today. Magna Carta is an English legal charter. The Magna Carta required King John of England to proclaim certain rights, respect certain legal procedures, and accept that his will could be bound by the law. Anglo-Saxon poetic forms:Didactic poems-stories from Bible about saints` lives and moral lessons Chivalric romances-plot is centred around a single knight who fought at tournaments,slayed dragons and underwent a series of adventures in order to win the heart of his heroine. Courtly love-lover idealised and idolised his beloved. Romances are divided:1)the matter of Britain:stories that centre on the pseudo-historical King Arthur2)the matter of Troy:tales
Old English Literature (449-1066) (Anglo Saxon) The Early Settlers · The Celts - river and town names, lifestyle primitive and crude(tahumatu) · Julius Caesar 55 B.C - the Romans for more than 300 years · 449 A.D - Jutes, Angles, Saxons - Germanic origin · Angle-land=England · Engleish, later Anglo-Saxon = Old English Literature · British literature begun in oral - by minstrels (laulik/poeet) · songs and poems of heroes · highest human qualities =bravery, honour, and loyalty to one's lord · Venerable Bede (673-735) - "the father of English history" - Ecclesiastical History of the English People 731 - in Latin · Venerable - auväärt, kõrge auline · Ecclesiastical -kiriklik, aulik Beowulf · the earliest English story-poem, pagan
By 300AD all the towns had thick walls. The Romans left about 20 large towns and a hundred of small ones. Many of the towns were at first army camps and the Latin word for it castra has still remained in the names of these towns: Leicester, Chester, Doncaster, Lancaster etc. The Towns were well built and connected with roads. In the countryside there were many large farms called villas. The life expectancy was short 2040 years. The Saxon invasion The Invaders At first the Germanic tribes only raided Britain but after 430 AD they began to settle. The invaders came from three powerful Germanic tribes the Saxons, Angles and Jutes. The Jutes settled in Kent and south coast, angles settled in east and north midlands and the Saxons settled between then. They all drove most of the Celts to Wales and in north to Scotland. Hardly anything is left from the Germanic culture. The AngloSaxons established a number of kingdoms
London important sights guide Roman period 20th century · Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London and is often extended to refer to the clock or the clock tower as well. It is the largest four-faced chiming clock and the third-tallest free-standing clock tower in the world. The clock first ticked on 31 May 1859. The pendulum is installed within an enclosed windproof box sunk beneath the clockroom. It is 3.9m long, weighs 300 kg and beats every 2 seconds. The clockwork mechanism in a room below weighs 5 tons. · Buckingham Palace is the official London residence of the British monarch. Originally known as, the building which forms the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of ...
THE ANGLO-SAXON PERIOD English literature came when the Angles, the Saxons, the Jutes and the Frisians invaded Britain. During this time English was called Anglo- Saxon or Old English. In the chronicles of Roman history (composed in Latin) is said that Britain makes its first appearance in written language when Romans invade the England. BEOWULF most important poem, surviving in a 10th-cent manuscript. The historical period of the poem's events can be dated in the 6th to 8th century. Much of the material of the poem is legendary and paralleled in other Germanic historical-mythological literature in Norse, Old English, and German.
Comparison of "Beowulf" and "Grendel" by John Gardner The text has more or less the same meaning in both of the extracts. The differences lie in the language use, character types, speakers, layout etc. In the original "Beowulf" epic Grendel displays nothing but the most primitive human qualities. He is a grotesque monster who terrorizes a small community of Danish warriors. Therefore he can be called a flat character. In the book "Grendel" the protagonist and antagonist have been swapped. Gardner greatly alters the monster's characterization. In his novel, very little separates Grendel from his human counterparts: he has a high level of intelligence, as well as a human capacity for both emotion and philosophy. As the text is written in the first person point of view through Grendel's eyes, one gets a quite good picture of him. Unfortunately he is fighting with the inevitable. He keeps attacking and eating t...
The Literary Analyses of "Beowulf" "Beowulf" is a heroic epic that was written down around 1000 AD in Old English. The poem's composition, however, is considered to date back to about 700 AD, meaning that it is from the Anglo-Saxon literary period. The epic was most probably created by scop(s) who composed it for entertainment and in praise of their master. Over the three centuries the epic was being changed and adapted by them, as it was inherited by word of mouth. The events occurring in the poem are set in Southern Scandinavia, Geatland and Denmark, in the fifth and sixth centuries. It should be observed that the narrative is written in the third person point of view and the narrator is omniscient.
In language the British owe almost everything to the Anglo-Saxons. The Low German dialect which they brought with them still remains in all essentials the identical speech employed by the British at the present day. In character, the Anglo-Saxons have bequeathed much of the German solidity, industry, and patience. In civilization, on the other hand, the British owe comparatively little to the direct Teutonic influence. The native Anglo-Saxon culture was low. 15. Name some countries where English is used as the first language. Barbados, Canada, Dominica, Jamaica, Gibraltar, Australia 16. Which languages have influenced English most? French, Latin, Greek and Germanic(Scandinavian) 17. Describe England. St. George 18. What was Shakespeare famous for? He was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre- eminent dramatist
of medieval nobility and chivalry In fact a Romanized Celt, lived before medieval times, fought the Anglo-Saxons (people who became "the English") Predominated by the end of the 6th c. Kingdoms established: Wessex, Essex, Sussex, Mercia, Northumbria, East Anglia etc. Kingdoms constantly at war with each other Celtic culture and language survived in Scotland, Wales and Cornwall Anglo-Saxon lifestyle A great impact on the countryside Introduced new farming methods Established numerous villages (formed the basis of English society for centuries) First they were pagan Christianity spread during the 6th and 7th c. The south of England: straight from Rome (St Augustine settled in Canterbury in 597) Scotland and northern England: from Ireland Roman Christianity soon prevailed
Revision questions for the test on Old English and Medieval Literature. 1.) How is literature analysed and studied? What is the difference between the diachronic and synchronic view? Literature is studied and analysed by reading the piece of work profoundly and work on all the aspects of the piece. Diachronic is development in history Synchronic is particular state at any given moment 2.) Give a general overview of Celtic Britain, Roman invasion in 55-54 BC, Anglo-Saxon invasion and the second Roman "invasion" of Great Britain, who were the leaders, what influence did they leave on the culture of Great Britain? Celtic Britain was during the Bronze Age, there were many small tribal kingdoms fighting one another. Many megalithic monuments were built around that time, e.g. Stonehenge, the Avebury ring. The Roman Invasion 55-54 BC, Julius Caesar ruled Rome, Rome built the Hadrian's wall (73 miles
· Gathered an army · Invasion delayed (bad weather) · Harald, king of Norway, invades England from the North · A battle at Stamford Bridge · Harald's army defeated, leaders killed · The end of the Viking Age · The Normans land in Britain (a few days after Stamford Bridge) · The Battle of Hastings · Harold defeated · Anglo-Saxon leaders killed at Hastings or Stamford Bridge · The end of the Anglo-Saxon era · The Bayeux Tapestry · Depicts the events before and during the battle · Weaving organised by William's wife · William = William the Conqueror Trilingual culture · For roughly 300 years after the conquest, three languages were used in Britain. · Anglo-Norman (Norman French) · The Norman nobility
The Saxons & Vikings Fragmentary knowledge of England in the 5th & 6th centuries comes from the British writer Gildas, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, saints' lives, poetry, archaelogical findings and place- name studies. British landlords ruled small, unstable kingdoms and continued some Roman traditions of governance. In the mid-5th cent, Vertigern, a British leader, hired Germanic mercenaries to help defend against peoples of the north (Picts & Scots). In the end they revolted & the process of invasion and settlement began. The first Saxon ,,kings" were Hengist & Horsa in Kent, Aelle in Sussex, Cerdic / Cynric in Wessex
Oxfordshire Parents: Aethelwulf, King of Wessex, and Osburh Relation to Elizabeth II: 32nd great-grandfather House of: Wessex Crowned: 871 Married: Ealhswith of Mercia Children: 5 children Died: 899 Buried at: Winchester ·Only King to have epithet"the Great" ·Defended England against Danish invasion and founded the first English navy ·He encouraged the translation of scholarly works from Latin and promoted the development of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. ·A new legal code came into force during his reign. ·At the age of 19 in 868 he is recorded as fighting beside his brother in Mercia against the Danes In 878, the Danes under their leader, Guthrum overran Wessex. Alfred and his remnants went into hiding. At Easter time in 879, Alfred set up a base in the region of Athelney. The great Saxon kingdoms of England had been reduced to one man who ruled a small area of swamp. It was from this hidden base in the
Secular literature- written in vernacular languages as well 6th -15th century Anonymity Religious writing Liturgical writing-hymns, psalms Theological writing-aquinas, abelard etc Religious poetry Mystery plays-reenactment of bible stories Secular writing Troubadour writing:"courtly love", romance Epic poem(song of roland) Travel writing History writing-chronicles Allegory The use of symbols and analogy to convey a certain meaning /message Literary output of medieval English Anglo-saxon or Old English literature(7th century-1066) Middle english literature(12th century-15th century) End of the period:1470s chancery standard(regulating english) and onset of renaissance Middle English literature Written in many dialects in early period 14th century Middle english was used for majority literary works-known poets Chaucer, Langland Standardization-printing from 1470 Geoffrey Chaucer 13401400 London 1357 public servant 1359 fought in the war 1360 diplomatic career
had no right to do because in those days the King was chosen by a council of wise men. So William had no chance at all. Harold was crowned the King of England on January 5 th, 1066 . William was more than angry when he heard this. He gathered an army all over Europe and started the battle for the crown. William landed in the south of England near a town called Hastings. The Battle of Hastings took place on the 14th of October, 1066 .The Normans outnumbered the Anglo-Saxon forces and were better armed. Normans won the Battle and King Harold was killed, England was invaded. It took several years to conquer the whole England. The Normans encircled London and the Anglo-Saxon nobility had to acknowledge William as the rightful king of England. In 1071 the invasion was completed. He divided the country into seven parts making one of it the royal domain. He built many castles all over England.
partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative, terminative, essive, abessive, and comitative, with the case and number of the adjective(s) always agreeing with that of the noun (except in the terminative, essive, abessive and comitative) Vocabulary · Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English · The percentage of Low Saxon and High German loanwords can be estimated at 2225 percent, with Low Saxon making up about 15 percent. Dialects · The Estonian dialects[15][16] are divided into two groups the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, Northeastern coastal Estonian. · The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the
* these cities depended for their growths on surrounding mines and metal production, which started during the days of the Industrial Revolution * the flag is of Wales bears a Red Dragon (it is not represented on the Union Jack) Northern Ireland: * the capital city is Belfast * 54% of people regard themselves as Protestants and 42% as Roman Catholics * the flag is called the Saint Patrick's Cross 2) History Prehistoric Britain, Roman Britain, Anglo-Saxon, Danish, Norman invasions (...-1066): Britain was part of the European land mass until the end of the last Ice Age. It became an island by about 6000 BC. From about 3000 to 2000 BC the British Isles were inhabited by a group of people called the Iberians. These Stone Age people lived in limestone caves, they used stone axes and fashioned antlers and bones into leather-working tools. Later groups of people from what are now Germany, the Netherlands and Brittany also settled in Briton.
The city was burned down and its inhabitants massacred. 4) London was rapidly rebuilt and in AD 122 the Roman walls were built around it as a defence. 5) The Romans left Britain early in the 5th century because they had to cope with troubles elsewhere in the Empire. 6) Around AD 400 the Germanic tribes invaded Britain. 7) London fell into ruins because the Anglo-Saxons destroyed the Roman towns and formed many kingdoms that were hostile to one another. 8) All the small Anglo-Saxon kingdoms were united by king Egbert at the beginning of the 9th century. He formed one kingdom called England. 9) The powerful Saxon king Alfred the Great made London the capital of the country at the end of the 9th century. 10) In the 9th century the Vikings attacked London. 11) William the Conqueror was the Duke of Normandy, who in 1066 took the British throne as William I. He built the White Tower, granted a city charter laying down the rights of its citizens and
History of English literature Periods: 1. Anglo-saxon or early literature (499 - 1066) 2. Second or Norman or late Medieval period (1066 - 13/14 century) 3. Renaissance or Modern period (13-14 century present) Anglo-Saxon period · All of the literature had its roots in folklore · Texts were orally transmitted, the anglosaxons had no written language · Two types of singers: 1) scop (attached to the royal court, wrote poetry and songs, performed them); 2) gleeman (travelled, mostly sang other peoples' songs, not their own songs; performers of scop songs) · The oldest known song Widsith (The Far Traveller/Wonderer); tells of a gleeman
then raised up and honored (like Christ). The vision has come full circle and now the dreamer can also hope to participate, as one ordinary tree has done, in that victory. The poem ends in a mood of confidence. Now the dreamer can bear solitude and the loss of friends on earth though he sees the way open to a `heavenly home'. 3. The Gen. Charst. Of OE poetry and prose. The distinction between verse and prose is by no mean always clear in that period of time. Anglo-Saxon verse is the product of a tradition which reached far back into pre-literate times and which was challenged and eventually replaced after the Conquest by a quite different tradition, so to say Eng poetry began with an end. But by contrast, the earliest monuments of English prose represent the true beginning of a tradition of written prose. But indeed the only work of prose which can claim a foothold of English literature is `Mandeville's Travels' and it's translated from the French
1.The leg of norm-when william 1 died normandy went to his oldest son robert,feudalism-land was given to lords who suported The domesday book-the first national census,11h 2.Anglo sax 410-793 wrom the jutes came from juteland,angles from south of denma, saxons from germ; deff-the new anglo saxon invaders were not organised centrally as the romans had been;days of the week 3.The celtic peop 500bc-43ad the cealts(fr) the brit(eng)the graels(irel) 4.Roman britain ad 43-410 britains helped the cauls fight against julius ceasar 5.the vihing793-1066 they came acress the north seam most viking who sailed overses were simply searching for letters land for their farms.alfred great the eng king, king canute 1016 of denmark captured the english
Harold Godwinson). During the battle many Norwegian leaders were killed. Norwegians lost the battle, and it is very often taken to mark the end of the Viking Age. · Battle of Hastings 1066- Occurred on 14th October 1066 during the Norman conquest of England, between the Norman-French army of William the Conqueror and the English army under king Harold II. During the battle Harold was killed and the Normans won. It was the end of Anglo-Saxon era. · Bayeux Tapestry- Embroidered cloth nearly 70m long, which depicts the events leading up to the Norman conquest of England concerning William, Duke of Normandy and Harold, Earl of Wessex, later king of England and culminating in the battle of Hastings. · Debate poem- Essentially, a debate poem depicts a dialogue between two natural opposites (e.g sun vs. moon). Although the particulars can vary
Easter Quiz 1.What day is Easter celebrated? Sunday 2.Where does the name Easter come from? An Anglo-Saxon goddess called Eastre 3.On Palm Sunday, Christians celebrate the day that .... Jesus rode into Jerusalem on a donkey and was greeted by cheering crowd 4.How long is Lent is western churches? 40 days 5.Why do we have eggs at Easter? They are a symbol of rebirth 6.The night before his death, Jesus finished the Passover meal with disciples by sharing bread and wine 7.What traditionally happened on Ash Wednesday? People put ash on their foreheads 8.What does Shrove Tuesday have to do with Easter?
grant, charter, citizen, secular, turbulent, costly, claim, breach, fourfold, filth, era. II inhabitant, basilica, defence, withdraw, invade, decisive, accession, succeed, disaster, erect, achievement. III occupation, influential, execution, restoration. IV ecclesiastical. 2. In ex. 3 at page 20 you had to find some information about those famous people. Alfred the Great (reigned 871-899) Saxon king, a learned man, chose London to be the capital of the country. Edward the Confessor (1042-1066) a weak English king, more interested in ecclesiastical matters, founded Westminster Abbey, wanted to unificate Britain. William the Conqueror (1066-1087) Duke of Normandy, became William I in 1066, built the White Tower, separated the secular from ecclesiastic courts. Henry VIII (1509-1547) encouraged learning, allowed the Bible to be printed
associated with the coronation of English kings since the time of Edgar. William had gained his throne by accepting the English form of coronation, William emphasised his claim to be legitimate successor to Edward the Confessor. William I was a strong king and a man of immense determination. He was stern to people who opposed his will, but kindly disposed to those who did not. William saw England as an extension of his French domains. He dispossessed nearly all the Anglo-Saxon nobles of their lands, and put Normans in their places. These men discouraged rebellion by building strong castles throughout the country, especially in Wales. In return for their land, William's barons had to perform certain services. They and their bishops had to perform certain services. They and the bishops served as members of William's Council, which replaced the Anglo-Saxon Witan. The barons also had military obligations to serve as knights (army commanders) for William.
arrived with reinforcements, including artillery and elephants, for the final march to the Catuvellaunian capital, Camulodunum . The future emperor Vespasian subdued the southwest,Cogidubnus was set up as a friendly king of several territories, and treaties were made with tribes outside the area under direct Roman control.Romans built many roads and also many great bulidings like the Hadrians wall. Anglo-Saxons and Normans The history of Anglo-Saxon England broadly covers early medieval England from the end of Roman rule and the establishment of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in the 5th century until the Conquest by the Normans in 1066. Christianisation of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms began around 600 and was essentially complete by the mid 8th century. Throughout the 7th and 8th centuries, power fluctuated between the larger kingdoms. Bede records Aethelbert of Kent as being dominant at the
The Welsh people didn't want to surrender so they kept fighting back but they sadly lost their land to this powerful new kingdom. In an effort to defend their new territory in 784 King of Mercia built an earthwork barrier, known as Wat's Dyke. It reached from sea to sea. Wat's Dyke was the first permanent boundary between the Welsh and English people. In England the period from 800-1000 AD is often called the late Anglo-Saxon period. Anglo- Saxon kingdoms liked nationalism. Numerous attempts were made throughout this period to create, if not a nation of Wales, then at least larger and more powerful kingdoms within Wales. One of the early leaders of these tentative movements toward nationalism was Rhodri ap Merfyn, later to be known as Rhodri Mawr (Rhodri the Great). In 877 the two "Greats", Rhodri and Alfred clashed, and the Welsh leader and his son were killed. England kings
Jerome David Salinger “Kuristik Rukkis” Miks ei vaadanud Holden Caulfield aasta viimast jalgpallimängu Pencey ja Saxon Halli vahel? ● Kuna ta läks hüvasti jätma Mr.Spenceriga Millist suurt teenet palus Holdenilt tema toakaaslane Stradlater, kui ta jalgpallivõistluse vaheajal oma toas käis? ● Ta palus laenuks Holdeni seemisnahkset jakki. ● Ta palus, et Holden kirjutaks talle valmis Inglise keelde kirjandi. Miks otsustas Holden mitte ära oodata kolmapäeva, vaid lahkuda Penceyst juba laupäeva öösel? ● Kuna Penceys oli kurb ja igav. Ta ei soovinud enam seal olla.
· A Mummy caused quite a stink in Great Yarmouth · Valley of the Kings · Egypt A Ride with the Devil · Ranworth, Norfolk, England · 1770 · Colonel Thomas Sydney lived at the Old Hall, Ranworth in Norfolk · he was a bully and a drunkard who loved a bet · trouble that one gamble caused him A Saint's Revenge · Edmund of the East Angles · 855-1050 · Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England · East Anglia was once a great Anglo-Saxon kingdom · The Kings lived and were buried in great splendour · It was also a brutal time · this is the extraordinary story of brave King Edmund and his miraculous return · 100 years after his death passed thought A Wise Wizard and Some Curious Cats · Betws-y-Coed, Conwy, Wales · 1553 1620 · English Cymraeg language · animals can get up to all kinds of tricks · wickedly playful cats that once frequented an old inn at Betws-y-Coed
Lady was a shepherdess who seduces the knight. Impossible love Impossible love There are 3 categories of Chivalric Romance 1. The Matter of Britain About King Arthur and his court. 2. The Matter of Troy About the antique myth of Britain origin from the ancient city of Troy through its founder Brutus. 3. The Breton Lay Main character is Merlin. Chivalric romance is a mixture of: local myths Anglo-Saxon heritage French courtly tradition ancient Greek and Roman myths (Troy) The authors' imagination Geoffrey of Monmouth (1100-1155) Supposed to be the history of the kings of Britain. Wanted to write the family tree of King Arthur, but managed to write only about 12-13 kings. It was written in Latin. His first book was "The Prophecies of Merlin"(around 1135), this book is remarkable, because before it Merlin was known as "Myrddin"
They comprise of chalk hills covered with beautiful beech woods, wild flowers, and a variety of wildlife. History · In pre-Roman times, the Chiltern ridge provided a relatively safe and easily negotiable route across southern Iron Age England, thus the Icknield Way (one of England's ancient trackways) follows the line of the hills. · The name "Chiltern" comes from the Cilternsæte, a tribe that occupied the area in the early Anglo-Saxon period. · One of the principal Roman settlements in the Roman province of Britannia Superior was sited at Verulamium (now St Albans) and there are significant Roman and Romano-British remains in the area. · Use · The hills have been exploited for their natural resources for millennia. The chalk has been quarried for the manufacture of cement, and flint for local building material. The beechwoods of the Chiltern Hills
zone in the European Union by most measures. In July 2007 it had an official population of 7,556,900 within the boundaries of Greater London, making it the most populous municipality in the European Union. History: The first major settlement was founded by the Romans in 43 AD. Canute took control of the English throne in 1016, controlling the city and country until 1035, when his death resulted in a reversion to Saxon control under his pious stepson Edward the Confessor, who refounded Westminster Abbey and the adjacent Palace of Westminster. By this time, London had become the largest and most prosperous city in England, although the official seat of government was still at Winchester. In the 16th century William Shakespeare and his contemporaries lived in London at a time of hostility to the development of the theatre.
English studies British history Eleri Pärna Form 9 2010 About 1.What is Stonehenge? 2. Who were the Celts and the Druids? 3. When did the Romans invade Britain? 4. Why did Julius Ceasar call the land Albion ? 5.Why and who built the Hadrian Wall? 6. When did the Saxons settle in Britain? 7. When did the Vikings first raid Britain? 8. Who were the Normans? 9. When was the Battle of Hastings? 10. Who was William The Conquerer? What is Stonehenge? a prehistoric monument located in the English county of Wiltshire built in several stages from 2800 - 1800 BC. Druids built Stonehenge. Who were the Celts and the Druids? The Celts were a group of peoples that occupied lands stretching from the British Isles to Gallatia. The Druids were the wise ones, the educated class of the Celts. ( lawyers, doctors, teachers, storytellers, ...
Has in the Aries its half-course run, And small birds sing That sleep all the night with open eye, So pricks them nature in their hearts Then long/yearn people to go on pilgrimages And "palmers" to seek foreign shores To distant shrines could in various lands. And especially from every counties end Of England to Canterbury they turn The holy blessed martyr to seek That them has helped when they were ill. n). Two types of Celtic loan words were likely targets of permanent Anglo-Saxon adaptation before the Norman Conquest: Toponyms or place-names. For instance, Cornwall, Carlisle, Avon, Devon, Dover, London are originally Celtic names. Latin words the Celts borrowed from Rome, which were in turn borrowed by the Anglo-Saxon invaders--including words like candle and ass. 1066 the Battle of Hastings-During the next century approximately 200 000 Normans settled in Britain. (Norman) French was prestigious. Ample borrowing. Otto Jespersen:
3) The Germanic Invasions I. The Anglo-Saxons o 5th century- 1066 o From Southern Denmark(angles); Germany(saxons); Jutland(jutes) o By the 7th c kingdoms had emerged and later KING ALFRED united the kingdoms o They were pagans and very rural people, built in wood rather than stone o It was the saxon farmstead that laid the foundations of the English village II. The Vikings o 8th century- 11th century o From Denmark, Norway o They were ship builders and sailors o In 886 the Danelaw peace treaty was made 4) The Normans/ the final conquest o 1066-1154 o From present-day France o In the battle of Hastings on 14.10
visited in Britain today. Later, Christian missionaries ca me from other parts of the Roman Empire to bring Christianity to the people. The Romans finally abandoned Britain in AD 410 and a long period of invasions by Nordic peoples started. The Angles, Saxons and Jutes began to settle from the sixth to the eighth centuries, and the Angles gave England its name. These invaders introduced a new culture to Britain, and even today British customs and habits are described as 'Anglo-Saxon'. Anglo-Saxon England was one of the most civilised countries in Europe, with organised systems of agriculture and trade. The Vikings ca me from Scandinavia in the tenth eentury; they settled in the north and made the town of York the capital of their kingdom. The last successful invasion of Britain was in 1066, which is an important date in history books in British schools. Duke William of Normandy (William the Conqueror) defeated the
Edward the Confessor (1003-1066) Edward was the oldest son of Ethelred II (Ethelred the Unready http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethelred_the_Unready) and Emma of Normandy (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_of_Normandy). He wast he penultimate Anglo-Saxon king of England. The family was exiled in Normandy after the Danish invasion of 1013 so Edward spent the first part of his life in Normandy. He grew up in deep religious views and gained the nickname ''Confessor''. As Edward was seperated from his family and grew up in a strange land, it is said that his childhood wasn't a happy one.
1: When was London founded, and by whom? London, England was founded in A.D. 43 by the Romans 2: What was its original name? Londinium 3: What happened to London in 61 AD? 61 AD Boadicea, the queen of a tribe of Britons, led a rebellion against the Romans 4: What was the population of London in the second century AD? Around 60,000 5: What happened in 851 AD? 6: What did Alfred the Great do? He defended Anglo-Saxon England from Viking raids, formulated a code of laws, and fostered a rebirth of religious and scholarly activity. His reign exhibits military skill and innovation, sound governance and the ability to inspire men and plan for the future, piety and a practical commitment to the support of religion, personal scholarship and the promotion of education. 7: What did Ethelred do at London Bridge? King Ethelred burnt down the bridge to split apart the invading forces of the Dane Svein Haraldsson
Their Celtic Latin developed into the three modern Romance languages – French, Spanish and Portuguese. All the Celtic tribal names disappeared. Belgian (Lat. Belgi), Briton, Eire ['eərə], Scot are rare exceptions. The only places where the Celtic languages and elements of their culture have survived are Scotland, Wales, Ireland, and Brittany in north-western France (in the last instance largely as a result of immigration from Britain during the Anglo-Saxon invasion and settlement of present-day England – from the 5 th to the 7th century AD; see Unit 4). 2. The Iberians on the European mainland were also assimilated, by the Celts or the Romans. The Basques living on the Iberian Peninsula (in Spain) perhaps are the only surviving people of the Iberian race. Vocabulary 1. civilization [-laI'zeI-], US [-lI-] цивилизация 2
varemgi enda bändi luua. Nüüd, 28. oktoobril, sai see siis lõpuks ka teoks. Bändi esimene proov toimus Lars Ulrichi garaazis. Sel hetkel olid bändis ainult Ulrich, Hetfield ja kitarrist Lloyd Grant. Bassist Ron McGovney, Metallica esimene bassimees, liitus mõni päev hiljem. Bänd kasutas ka paari asendusbassisti, näiteks Brad Parkerit ja Jeff Warnerit. Paljud fännid nägid Metallicas valdavalt rock'n'roll - muusikat. Metallicat inspireerisid Motörhead, Diamond Head, Saxon ja teised bändid, kes viljelesid uue laine heavy metalit. Inspiratsiooni said nad ka hardcore punk bändidelt nagu Misfits ja Discharge. Bänd sai oma nime, kui Ulrich aitas San Francisco piirkonna metali edendajal Ron Quintanal välja valida nime uue ajakirja jaoks, reklaamimaks metalit ja uusi heavy metali uue laine bände. Quintana tuli välja nimega "Metallica", aga Lars soovitas kähku teist nime ja otsustas kasutada seda enda bändi nimena. Metallica on müünud 57 miljonit
Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level History The history of England began with the arrival of humans thousands of years ago In AD 43 the Roman conquest of Britain began; the Romans maintained control of their province of Britannia through to the 5th century. The Roman departure opened the door for the Anglo-Saxon invasion Raids by the Vikings were frequent after about AD 800, and the Norsemen took control of large parts of what is now England In 1066, the Normans invaded and conquered England. 1348 was the Blach Death, which killed half on England population During the Renaissance, England was ruled by the Tudors England had conquered Wales in the 12th century and was then united with Scotland in the early 18th century to form the Kingdom of Great Britain
roads and towns. Many Roman remains can be visited in Britain today. The Romans finally abandoned Britain in AD 410 and a long period of invasion by Nordic peoples (from northern Germany and Scandinavia) started. The Angles, Saxons and Jutes began to settle from the sixth to the eighth centuries, and the Angles gave England its name. These invaders introduced a new culture to Britain, and even today British customs and habits are described as ´Anglo-Saxon`. Anglo-Saxon England was one of the most civilised countries in Europe, with organised systems of agriculture and trade. The Vikings came from Scandinavia in the tenth century; they settled in the north and made the town of York the capital of their kingdom. The last successful invasion of Britain was in 1066, when William the Conqueror defeated the English at the Battle of Hastings, and the Normans and the French settled in Britain over the next three centuries.
"Kill 'em Allil" ei olnud suuri müüginumbreid, aga see stabiliseeris bändi fännide ringkonna. Aasta hiljem avaldas "Metallica" oma teise "Megaforce" albumi "Ride the Lightning". Uus album laiendas bändi vormi sõnaliselt ja intsrumentaalselt, mis kasvas üle "Kill 'em Alli" laulude.Paljud fännid nägid Metallicas valdavalt rock'n'roll-muusikat. Metallicat inspireerisid Motörhead, Diamond Head, Saxon ja teised bändid, kes viljelesid uue laine heavy metalit. Inspiratsiooni said nad ka hardcore punk bändidelt nagu Misfits ja Discharge. Koosseis Algkoosseis · James Hetfield - vokaal, rütmikitarr · Lars Ulrich - trummid · Dave Mustaine - soolokitarr · Ron McGovney basskitarr Muutused 1982. aasta lõpul tuli Ron McGovney asemele bassimängijaks Cliff Burton ja 1983 Mustaine'i
J.D Salinger ,,Kuristik rukkis" 1. Miks ei vaadanud Holden Caulfield aasta viimast jalgpallimängu Pencey ja Saxon Halli vahel? Ta ei läinud mängu vaatama (vaatas künkalt natuke), kuna: esiteks oli tal ilmselt häbi sinna minna, kuna ta just saabus New York`ist, kus pidi toimuma vehklejate võistlus, kuid mäng jäi ära, kuna tema, kapten, unustas kogu oma varustuse metroosse. Teine põhjus oli see, et ta tahtis minna hüvasti jätma oma vana ajalooõpetaja Spenceriga, kuna Holden visati koolist taaskord välja. 2
(liber), universitas (universus). In English the suffix is -ty: celebrity, liberty, university. *-tudo - characteristic or condition, derives from the adjective: longitudo (longus), fortitudo (fortis). In English -tude: longitude, fortitude. 5. The Angles, Saxons and Jutes. The Angles were one of the main groups that settled in Britain in the post-Roman period, founding several of the kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England, and their name is the root of the name "England". The Saxons were a confederation of Old Germanic tribes. Their modern-day descendants are generally considered ethnic Germans, Dutch or English.. Saxons participated in the Germanic settlement of Britain during and after the 5th century The Jutes were a Germanic people who were one of the three most powerful Germanic peoples of their time. They are believed to have originated from Jutland in modern Denmark. Were associated with the
The houses were made out of wood back then, so this was easy to do. The people, who destroyed the city, were from the Iceni tribe. The tribe was located to the north-east of Londinium. They had bad relations with the Romans, which is why they burned down the place. London was rebuilt in the year 100. During the 2nd century, Roman London had a population around 60 000 people. In the 8th century there was a lot of Vikings attacking the city. Alfred the Great, an Anglo-Saxon king, was fighting against them. His people created a new settlement called Lundenwic 2 km upstream of Londinium. In 886 Alfred made peace with the Danish Vikings. Their king was named Guthrum. London Wall The Norman Conquest During the 9th century, London was the largest city of England. At that time, the Duke of Normandy won the Battle of Hastings, which was between England and Normandy. As a result the duke was crowned king of England. His name was William the Conqueror
They also brought Christianity with them and in the fourth century the Christian Church was established. In 410 AD the Roman forces were withdrawn from Britain to protect Rome from the invading barbarian tribes. When the Roman power declined, Germanic seafaring tribes called the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes came to Britain. They established settlements in Britain and enslaved the Britons or sent them to the west and north of Britain. The Anglo-Saxon period started. The Angles and the Saxons became the most powerful tribes and the land was divided into little kingdoms. Their language gradually developed into Old English. This language was not a written one but the songs, stories, poems and epics have been handed down orally from generation to generation. In 787 the Vikings began their invasion from Denmark which was to leave a lasting impression on Britain. They were fierce pagan seafaring warriors who brought
Ivanhoe Theodor Tombach, 9.b AUTOR JA PEALKIRI: Sir Walter Scott "Ivanhoe" THTSAMAD TEGELASED: Ivanhoe Rebecca Rowena Prints John Maurice De Bracy Cedric the Saxon Isaac of York Lucas de Beaumanoir Conrade de Montfichet Waldemar Fitzurse Aethelstane Wamba Gurth Locksley Must rtel PHIPROBLEEM: 1192. aastal kartis inglise rahvas oma armastatud kuninga Richard I, keda kutsuti ka Richard Lvisdameks, elu prast. Rahvas ei teadnud, kas ta oli elus vi surnud. Kuningas kadus tagasiteel koju ristiretkelt Pha Maale. Ristiretked olid ususjad. Inglismaal kuuldusid jutud, et Richardi vend prints John on ta vangistanud, et saada tema asemele riiki
acting. Raised as an Anglican, Winslet started studying drama at 11 at the Redroofs Theatre School, Berkshire. Here she soon became the head girl and was cast as a spokesperson for a cereal in television commercials. Acting career of Kate Winslet In 1991, she started her career on television by co-starring in Dark Season, a children's science fiction serial on the BBC. Subsequently, she appeared in the made-for-TV `Anglo-Saxon Attitudes' in 1992. Then once again for the BBC, she did an episode of the medical drama `Casualty' (1993). In the year 1994, her film career took flight with appreciation when she starred in `Heavenly Creatures' as Juliet Hulme to play the role of an imaginative teen. Another successful movie `Sense and Sensibility' made her famous all over, particularly in the UK. As soon as the Titanic was out in 1997, Winslet became a prominent actress world- wide
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