Architecture Early Anglo-Saxon buildings in Britain were generally simple, constructed mainly using timber with thatch for roofing. The Anglo-Saxons built small towns near their centres of agriculture. In each town, a main hall was in the centre. The architectural character of Anglo- Saxon ecclesiastical buildings range from Coptic influenced architecture in the early period; basilica influenced Romanesque architecture; and in the later Anglo-Saxon period, an architecture characterised by pilaster-strips, blank arcading, baluster shafts and triangular headed openings. There are few remains of Anglo-Saxon architecture, with no secular work remaining above ground. All surviving churches, except one timber church, are built of stone or brick and in some cases show evidence of re-used Roman work. Art Anglo-Saxon art is mainly known today through illuminated manuscripts. Although they are the most well known to have survived. Perhaps the bes...
Anglo-Saxon period Celts-came from Germany,2000-1200BC began to migrate to Britain,spoke Celtic language,were known as Britons,lived in small villages,round wooden huts-mainly farmers-no towns,organised in tribes with a king/queen as a leader,intertribal wars were very common,the Ancient Britons:one of the Celtic tribes living in Britain 4thBC,believed in different gods,governed by a class of priests-druids who had great power. Romans in Britain:55BC came to conquer Britain(Julius Caesar),brought their own civilization,taught Britons to build roads,bridges,houses,baths,temples,protected Britain for several hundred years,4thBC Romans left Britain,43AD Queen Boadicea of Iceni tribe lost their battle with Romans. Who were the next invaders and where did they come from? Anglo-Saxons came from northern Germany,Denmark and northern Holland. What was their lifestyle like?Anglo-Saxons liked fighting,drinking,gambling,life expectancy not very lo...
Old English Literature (449-1066) (Anglo Saxon) The Early Settlers · The Celts - river and town names, lifestyle primitive and crude(tahumatu) · Julius Caesar 55 B.C - the Romans for more than 300 years · 449 A.D - Jutes, Angles, Saxons - Germanic origin · Angle-land=England · Engleish, later Anglo-Saxon = Old English Literature · British literature begun in oral - by minstrels (laulik/poeet) · songs and poems of heroes · highest human qualities =bravery, honour, and loyalty to one's lord · Venerable Bede (673-735) - "the father of English history" - Ecclesiastical History of the English People 731 - in Latin · Venerable - auväärt, kõrge auline · Ecclesiastical -kiriklik, aulik Beowulf · the earliest English story-poem, pagan · about 700 by an unknown minstrel · an epic - a long narrative poem in splendid/majestic language about the achievements of a hero, often a national...
By 300AD all the towns had thick walls. The Romans left about 20 large towns and a hundred of small ones. Many of the towns were at first army camps and the Latin word for it castra has still remained in the names of these towns: Leicester, Chester, Doncaster, Lancaster etc. The Towns were well built and connected with roads. In the countryside there were many large farms called villas. The life expectancy was short 2040 years. The Saxon invasion The Invaders At first the Germanic tribes only raided Britain but after 430 AD they began to settle. The invaders came from three powerful Germanic tribes the Saxons, Angles and Jutes. The Jutes settled in Kent and south coast, angles settled in east and north midlands and the Saxons settled between then. They all drove most of the Celts to Wales and in north to Scotland. Hardly anything is left from the Germanic culture. The AngloSaxons established a number of kingdoms
London important sights guide Roman period 20th century · Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London and is often extended to refer to the clock or the clock tower as well. It is the largest four-faced chiming clock and the third-tallest free-standing clock tower in the world. The clock first ticked on 31 May 1859. The pendulum is installed within an enclosed windproof box sunk beneath the clockroom. It is 3.9m long, weighs 300 kg and beats every 2 seconds. The clockwork mechanism in a room below weighs 5 tons. · Buckingham Palace is the official London residence of the British monarch. Originally known as, the building which forms the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of ...
THE ANGLO-SAXON PERIOD English literature came when the Angles, the Saxons, the Jutes and the Frisians invaded Britain. During this time English was called Anglo- Saxon or Old English. In the chronicles of Roman history (composed in Latin) is said that Britain makes its first appearance in written language when Romans invade the England. BEOWULF most important poem, surviving in a 10th-cent manuscript. The historical period of the poem's events can be dated in the 6th to 8th century. Much of the material of the poem is legendary and paralleled in other Germanic historical-mythological literature in Norse, Old English, and German. GEOFFREY CHAUCER (1340-1400) Politician and writer, fought in France during the 100 years war. He visited Genoa and Florence where he became acquainted with Italian literature and in particular with the works of Dante, Petrarch and Boccaccio. The French period (up to 1370). early works were ba...
Comparison of "Beowulf" and "Grendel" by John Gardner The text has more or less the same meaning in both of the extracts. The differences lie in the language use, character types, speakers, layout etc. In the original "Beowulf" epic Grendel displays nothing but the most primitive human qualities. He is a grotesque monster who terrorizes a small community of Danish warriors. Therefore he can be called a flat character. In the book "Grendel" the protagonist and antagonist have been swapped. Gardner greatly alters the monster's characterization. In his novel, very little separates Grendel from his human counterparts: he has a high level of intelligence, as well as a human capacity for both emotion and philosophy. As the text is written in the first person point of view through Grendel's eyes, one gets a quite good picture of him. Unfortunately he is fighting with the inevitable. He keeps attacking and eating t...
The Literary Analyses of "Beowulf" "Beowulf" is a heroic epic that was written down around 1000 AD in Old English. The poem's composition, however, is considered to date back to about 700 AD, meaning that it is from the Anglo-Saxon literary period. The epic was most probably created by scop(s) who composed it for entertainment and in praise of their master. Over the three centuries the epic was being changed and adapted by them, as it was inherited by word of mouth. The events occurring in the poem are set in Southern Scandinavia, Geatland and Denmark, in the fifth and sixth centuries. It should be observed that the narrative is written in the third person point of view and the narrator is omniscient. The subject matters in this poem are restricted to war and death. This was their present and therefore interesting to them as they could identify with the characters. The restricted var...
Country Studies The United Kingdom Test revision questions Form 11 1. What are the capitals of the 4 constituent countries? England London; Wales Cardiff; N-Ireland Belfast; Scotland - Edinburgh 2. Order the invaders in correct chronological order: Anglo-Saxons, Normans, Romans, Celts, Vikings. Celts > Romans > Anglo-Saxons > Vikings > Normans 3. How did the Celts influence Britain? The Celts were in Britain long before the English language existed. Celtic influence on English is minimal. There are more Amerindian words in English than Celtic ones. 4. How many people approximately speak English? 300million as mother tongue, 470million as 2nd language. 5. Who (which tribes) gave the base of the English language? Anglo-Saxons 6. Describe Wales. Part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain, population: 3,064,000, Wales has a distinctive culture including its...
The Germanic Invasions Anglo-Saxon invasion During the 5th c. a number of Germanic tribes invaded The Angles, the Saxons, the Jutes Different peoples, but common language and customs Advance halted by King Arthur Distortions of popular history In folklore, myth (and films) a great English hero, an example of medieval nobility and chivalry In fact a Romanized Celt, lived before medieval times, fought the Anglo-Saxons (people who became "the English") Predominated by the end of the 6th c. Kingdoms established: Wessex, Essex, Sussex, Mercia, Northumbria, East Anglia etc. Kingdoms constantly at war with each other Celtic culture and language survived in Scotland, Wales and Cornwall Anglo-Saxon lifestyle A great impact on the countryside Introduced new farming methods Established numerous villa...
another. Many megalithic monuments were built around that time, e.g. Stonehenge, the Avebury ring. The Roman Invasion 55-54 BC, Julius Caesar ruled Rome, Rome built the Hadrian's wall (73 miles long, built in 121 127 AD) against the Picts and Scots, bits have survived till today. The Romans bring along the Christian faith The beginning of Christianization of the Celts. The Romans withdrew their forces together with the fall of the Roman empire. Anglo Saxon Invasion 5th 6th century AD. Germanic tribes from Scandinavia: the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes settle in what today is known as England and force the Celtic tribes to move to Scotland, Ireland, Wales. The Angles settled in Northumberland, East Anglia, Mercia; The Saxons in Essex, Sussex, Wessex and the Jutes in Kent. 569 AD Pope Gregory the great sends missionaries led by St. Augustine to Britain. The Benedictines
writings in Latin. Language and social class · French-speaking Normans · The lords and the barons · English-speaking Saxons · The peasants · Cow, pig, sheep the living animals · Anglo-Saxon origin · Beef, pork, mutton the animal you eat · French origin · Implication: only the Normans ate meat Feudalism · William's power consolidated by a combination of feudal practices from the continent and old Saxon customs · Wanted to keep his followers from getting too powerful · Gave the nobles land · Scattered them all over England (could not gather power in one area) · Exceptions: frontiers bordering Scotland and Wales · Took about 20% of England's land for himself · Showing that it was the primary source of power · Demanded a large feudal army from the barons · England came to resemble the feudal monarchy of France
Gildas, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, saints' lives, poetry, archaelogical findings and place- name studies. British landlords ruled small, unstable kingdoms and continued some Roman traditions of governance. In the mid-5th cent, Vertigern, a British leader, hired Germanic mercenaries to help defend against peoples of the north (Picts & Scots). In the end they revolted & the process of invasion and settlement began. The first Saxon ,,kings" were Hengist & Horsa in Kent, Aelle in Sussex, Cerdic / Cynric in Wessex. So the first ,,English" became mainly from Northern Germany & Denmark. The resistance of the Celts was long. They were free at the time, not like other Roman provinces on the Continent. Around 500, the Britons seem to have won several victories. One of their leaders was Ambrosius Aurelianus and one of their victories was at the place called Mount Badon. The
Early Modern English (1500-1800 AD) Late Modern English (1800- present day) Influences Latin monks and scholars from 7th century Old Norse Viking raids of late 8th century French After Norman conquest in 1066 Mongrel nation ? Old english One of the first written vernacular languages from the Indo- European language groups; From today's languages most similar to Frisian; Most famous written works: Beowulf, Anglo-Saxon Chronicles. Beowulf Written around ca 700-1000 AD in West Saxon Story about a mighty warrior Beowulf who saves the Danish kingdom of king Hrothgar by killing two mythical monsters. Beowulf then lives on to become a legendary king of the Geats. Beowulf dies when he has to face a third monster a dragon, in order to save his kingdom. The motifs of a character such as Beowulf: courage, loyalty, honour, but also pride, hasty decisions and grandeur as weakness. Beowulf: · A quintessential hero · Youthful fearlessness · Wisdom in old age
and founded the first English navy ·He encouraged the translation of scholarly works from Latin and promoted the development of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. ·A new legal code came into force during his reign. ·At the age of 19 in 868 he is recorded as fighting beside his brother in Mercia against the Danes In 878, the Danes under their leader, Guthrum overran Wessex. Alfred and his remnants went into hiding. At Easter time in 879, Alfred set up a base in the region of Athelney. The great Saxon kingdoms of England had been reduced to one man who ruled a small area of swamp. It was from this hidden base in the swamps that King Alfred became Alfred the Great Alfred sent messages to those fighting men that were still loyal to him. Seven weeks after taking refuge at Athelney, Alfred emerged from the swamps with a new army. Guthrum surrendered to Alfred and even accepted baptism with Alfred as his Godfather
William the Conqueror William I was French. William I (1027 9 September 1087), better known as William the Conqueror, was Duke of Normandy from 1035 and King of England from 1066 to his death. William is also referred to as "William II" in relation to his position as Duke of Normandy. In particular, before his conquest of England, he was known as "William the Bastard because of the illegitimacy of his birth. On his father's death in 1035, William was recognised as heir, with his great uncle serving as regent. In 1042 he began to take more personal control. From 1046 until 1055 he dealt with a series of baronial rebellions. William's political and military successes helped him in negotiations to marry Matilda, daughter of Count Baldwin of Flanders in 1053. When William was 24 years old, he visited England for the first time. When he saw what a pleasant country it was, he thought he would like to be its ...
Old English was not a written language. In 787 the Vikings began their invasion from Denmark. They mercilessly raided and pillaged coastal towns in Britain. The king of Wessex, Alfred the Great, resisted and defeated the Vikings in 886. A treaty the Danelaw was signed between King Alfred the Great of Wessex and Guthrum, Danish king of East Anglia. England was divided. Later, the Anglo-Saxon dynasty was restored and lasted until 1066. The last famous Saxon king of England was Edward the Confessor. In 1066 at the battle of Hastings the Norman Duke William defeated the Saxon King Harold and was crowned the king of England. In Norman times three languages were spoken: Latin (by the clergy and the university scholars), Norman-French (by the aristocracy and the king), Anglo- Saxon German (by common people). By the 14th century Norman-French and Anglo-Saxon German formed one language called Middle English. Medieval Britain (1066-1485):
partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative, terminative, essive, abessive, and comitative, with the case and number of the adjective(s) always agreeing with that of the noun (except in the terminative, essive, abessive and comitative) Vocabulary · Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English · The percentage of Low Saxon and High German loanwords can be estimated at 2225 percent, with Low Saxon making up about 15 percent. Dialects · The Estonian dialects[15][16] are divided into two groups the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, Northeastern coastal Estonian. · The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the
5) The Romans left Britain early in the 5th century because they had to cope with troubles elsewhere in the Empire. 6) Around AD 400 the Germanic tribes invaded Britain. 7) London fell into ruins because the Anglo-Saxons destroyed the Roman towns and formed many kingdoms that were hostile to one another. 8) All the small Anglo-Saxon kingdoms were united by king Egbert at the beginning of the 9th century. He formed one kingdom called England. 9) The powerful Saxon king Alfred the Great made London the capital of the country at the end of the 9th century. 10) In the 9th century the Vikings attacked London. 11) William the Conqueror was the Duke of Normandy, who in 1066 took the British throne as William I. He built the White Tower, granted a city charter laying down the rights of its citizens and separated the secular from the ecclesiastical courts. 12) The 14th century was a turbulent period due to the beginning
History of English literature Periods: 1. Anglo-saxon or early literature (499 - 1066) 2. Second or Norman or late Medieval period (1066 - 13/14 century) 3. Renaissance or Modern period (13-14 century present) Anglo-Saxon period · All of the literature had its roots in folklore · Texts were orally transmitted, the anglosaxons had no written language · Two types of singers: 1) scop (attached to the royal court, wrote poetry and songs, performed them); 2) gleeman (travelled, mostly sang other peoples' songs, not their own songs; performers of scop songs) · The oldest known song Widsith (The Far Traveller/Wonderer); tells of a gleeman who travels in Europe, of his love of noble deeds, speaks of the shortness of life http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widsith · The other known song Deor's Lament. Can be called the first English lyrics, about 40 lines. Talks about a scop who is not happy w...
chronicle and with the group of translations made or inspired by the king himself. However, the best of Anglo-Saxon prose was produced a century later by the monks Wulfstan and Ælric, who left a large number of writings devoted to the exposition of Christian faith. That includes homilies and Saint's Lives. It is now believed that these monks were responsible for developing the form of written English known as Late West Saxon. Ælric was a grammarian, he wrote the first Latin grammar in English. One of the main characteristics is immediacy. 4. The medieval and eliz. world picture. The Elizabethan age was the age of the renaissance, but the Elizabethans were much closer to a medieval way of thinking. Above all earthly and cosmic laws or orders there is Law in general. The divine reason is beyond our understanding, yet we know it's there. God's law is eternal. St
STUDY QUESTIONS ON CHAPTER 3 · Battle of Stamford Bridge 1066- Battle, that took place on Stamford Bridge between Norwegians who were led by Harald and England (king Harold Godwinson). During the battle many Norwegian leaders were killed. Norwegians lost the battle, and it is very often taken to mark the end of the Viking Age. · Battle of Hastings 1066- Occurred on 14th October 1066 during the Norman conquest of England, between the Norman-French army of William the Conqueror and the English army under king Harold II. During the battle Harold was killed and the Normans won. It was the end of Anglo-Saxon era. · Bayeux Tapestry- Embroidered cloth nearly 70m long, which depicts the events leading up to the Norman conquest of England concerning William, Duke of Normandy and Harold, Earl of Wessex, later king of England and culminating in the battle of Hastings. · Debate poem- ...
1.The leg of norm-when william 1 died normandy went to his oldest son robert,feudalism-land was given to lords who suported The domesday book-the first national census,11h 2.Anglo sax 410-793 wrom the jutes came from juteland,angles from south of denma, saxons from germ; deff-the new anglo saxon invaders were not organised centrally as the romans had been;days of the week 3.The celtic peop 500bc-43ad the cealts(fr) the brit(eng)the graels(irel) 4.Roman britain ad 43-410 britains helped the cauls fight against julius ceasar 5.the vihing793-1066 they came acress the north seam most viking who sailed overses were simply searching for letters land for their farms.alfred great the eng king, king canute 1016 of denmark captured the english
Easter Quiz 1.What day is Easter celebrated? Sunday 2.Where does the name Easter come from? An Anglo-Saxon goddess called Eastre 3.On Palm Sunday, Christians celebrate the day that .... Jesus rode into Jerusalem on a donkey and was greeted by cheering crowd 4.How long is Lent is western churches? 40 days 5.Why do we have eggs at Easter? They are a symbol of rebirth 6.The night before his death, Jesus finished the Passover meal with disciples by sharing bread and wine 7.What traditionally happened on Ash Wednesday? People put ash on their foreheads 8.What does Shrove Tuesday have to do with Easter? Shrove Tuesday is the last day to indulge before Lent. 9.Lent is the time of .... Abstinence (of giving things up) 10.Which of the following has nothing to do with Shrove Tuesday? Lean Tuesday 11.The ashes used on Ash Wednesday are made by burning palm crosses which have been saved from Palm Sunday last year. 12.During Lent Christians remembe...
grant, charter, citizen, secular, turbulent, costly, claim, breach, fourfold, filth, era. II inhabitant, basilica, defence, withdraw, invade, decisive, accession, succeed, disaster, erect, achievement. III occupation, influential, execution, restoration. IV ecclesiastical. 2. In ex. 3 at page 20 you had to find some information about those famous people. Alfred the Great (reigned 871-899) Saxon king, a learned man, chose London to be the capital of the country. Edward the Confessor (1042-1066) a weak English king, more interested in ecclesiastical matters, founded Westminster Abbey, wanted to unificate Britain. William the Conqueror (1066-1087) Duke of Normandy, became William I in 1066, built the White Tower, separated the secular from ecclesiastic courts. Henry VIII (1509-1547) encouraged learning, allowed the Bible to be printed
The king was connected through this `chain' of people to the lowest man in the country. On the other hand, each lord had responsibilities to his vassals. He had to give them land and protection. William faced serious resistance in his early years as king. The people of northern England, helped by Danish force, revolted in 1069. William crushed this rising mercilessly. But stories were later written about Hereward the Wake, a heroic Saxon rebel, who resisted the Normans in the Isle of Ely, Cambridgeshire. The Normans built many stone churches, including St. Bartholomew-the-Great in London. Norman churches and castles had thick walls, huge columns, and round-headed arches. An early type of Norman castle was a motte and bailey. This type of castle consisted of an artificial mound (the motte) surmounted by a wooden tower and enclosed by moat and stockade (the bailey). Later, the Normans built great stone towers called keeps
Queen Victoria was married to Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha son of Duke Ernst I of the small German duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Her descendants were also members of the ducal family of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, a minor branch of the thousand- year-old House of Wettin. It was Victoria's desire that her son rule as a member of the House of Wettin, instead of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, because she felt the older name would conjure images of the shared Saxon heritage of Germany and England. However, the name Wettin was never widely accepted. Victoria's son, Edward VII, and, in turn, his son, George V, reigned as members of this house.High anti-German sentiment amongst the people of the British Empire during World War I reached a peak in March 1917, when the Gotha G.IV, a heavy aircraft capable of crossing the English Channel began bombing London directly. The aircraft became a household name, and coincidently was part of the name of the royal family
COUNTRY ITSELF Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain, bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has over 1,200 km of coastline, and is largely mountainous. The country is obv ruled by Elizabeth II, but it has its own first minister, Carwyn Jones. The country lies within the north temperate zone, and has a changeable, maritime climate. People in Wales speak Welsh and English. Sadly 73% of people say that they have no skills in Welsh. HISTORY! Neanderthals lived in what is now Wales at least 230,000 years ago. Homo sapiens had arrived by about 31,000 BC. The first people from outer world to step their foot on Wales' area were Celts about 1000 BC. The first recorded information about people in Wales is when Romans came in the 48AD. At that time people talked in Celtic language, whi...
Jerome David Salinger “Kuristik Rukkis” Miks ei vaadanud Holden Caulfield aasta viimast jalgpallimängu Pencey ja Saxon Halli vahel? ● Kuna ta läks hüvasti jätma Mr.Spenceriga Millist suurt teenet palus Holdenilt tema toakaaslane Stradlater, kui ta jalgpallivõistluse vaheajal oma toas käis? ● Ta palus laenuks Holdeni seemisnahkset jakki. ● Ta palus, et Holden kirjutaks talle valmis Inglise keelde kirjandi. Miks otsustas Holden mitte ära oodata kolmapäeva, vaid lahkuda Penceyst juba laupäeva öösel? ● Kuna Penceys oli kurb ja igav. Ta ei soovinud enam seal olla.
English Myths and Legends The World Around is not just round, The Myths have shadown' forth. And Yet, we'll go, And me and thou No, nothing shows the way in rows. Catherine J. A Mermaid and a Magic Comb · Curry, Cornwall, England · 1700-1800 · Lost items by the beach · One old mad found a magical comb · Love, yet unhappiness · Decision to split up and therefore save humanity and the mermaids' world, too More mermaids... A Mummy's Tale · Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, England · A Mummy caused quite a stink in Great Yarmouth · Valley of the Kings · Egypt A Ride with the Devil · Ranworth, Norfolk, England · 1770 · Colonel Thomas Sydney lived at the Old Hall, Ranworth in Norfolk · he was a bully and a drunkard who loved a bet · trouble that one gamble caused him A Saint's Revenge · Edmund of the East Angles · 855-1050 · Bury St. Edmun...
Chivalric Romance Originated in France in 12-13 century. Usually in the form of the narrative poetry -> later it disappeared. The storyline centers around a knight who undergoes several battles to win the heart of his loved one. Romance vs. Pastoral ROMANCE PASTORAL Lady was from the higher class than a knight. Lady was a shepherdess who seduces the knight. Impossible love Impossible love There are 3 categories of Chivalric Romance 1. The Matter of Britain About King Arthur and his court. 2. The Matter of Troy About the antique myth of Britain origin from the ancient city of Troy through its founder Brutus. 3. The Breton Lay Main character is Merlin. Chivalric romance is a mixture of: local myths Anglo-Saxon heritage French courtly tradition ancient Greek ...
The Chiltern Hills Ursula 11. kl · The Chiltern Hills are known locally as just The Chilterns and are a chalk escarpment in the south-east of England, lying a few miles north-west of London. · They cover four counties and combine beautiful scenery with interesting history. · The Chilterns begin in Oxfordshire in the Thames Valley and stretch north-east through Buckinghamshire and Bedfordshire to Hitchin in Hertfordshire. They comprise of chalk hills covered with beautiful beech woods, wild flowers, and a variety of wildlife. History · In pre-Roman times, the Chiltern ridge provided a relatively safe and easily negotiable route across southern Iron Age England, thus the Icknield Way (one of England's ancient trackways) follows the line of the hills. · The name "Chiltern" comes from the Cilternsæte, a tribe that occupied the area in the early...
Suppletion Present in languages of different families. Present in Old, Middle and Modern English, though the general tendency is towards more regularity/iconicity so the number of suppletive forms has decreased.In the text: goon to go wenden - to turn Gan was suppletive in Old English, past form: eode.Eode was supplanted by went (past form of wenden) at the end of the Middle English period.To wend has survived in Modern English in phrases such as to wend one's way, we wended homewards (ironic usage). Thus: suppletivity- suppletion different parts of one and the same paradigm come from what were originally different paradigms (different words with close meanings or words in different but close dialects).Suppletion embraces verbs, adjectives, nouns. Be was/were been (Old English beon/wesan) (am, art, is, are); in Old English some suppletive forms were used parallel to one another) Good better best Bad worse worst Much more...
zone in the European Union by most measures. In July 2007 it had an official population of 7,556,900 within the boundaries of Greater London, making it the most populous municipality in the European Union. History: The first major settlement was founded by the Romans in 43 AD. Canute took control of the English throne in 1016, controlling the city and country until 1035, when his death resulted in a reversion to Saxon control under his pious stepson Edward the Confessor, who refounded Westminster Abbey and the adjacent Palace of Westminster. By this time, London had become the largest and most prosperous city in England, although the official seat of government was still at Winchester. In the 16th century William Shakespeare and his contemporaries lived in London at a time of hostility to the development of the theatre. London was plagued by disease in the early 17th century, culminating in the Great
English studies British history Eleri Pärna Form 9 2010 About 1.What is Stonehenge? 2. Who were the Celts and the Druids? 3. When did the Romans invade Britain? 4. Why did Julius Ceasar call the land Albion ? 5.Why and who built the Hadrian Wall? 6. When did the Saxons settle in Britain? 7. When did the Vikings first raid Britain? 8. Who were the Normans? 9. When was the Battle of Hastings? 10. Who was William The Conquerer? What is Stonehenge? a prehistoric monument located in the English county of Wiltshire built in several stages from 2800 - 1800 BC. Druids built Stonehenge. Who were the Celts and the Druids? The Celts were a group of peoples that occupied lands stretching from the British Isles to Gallatia. The Druids were the wise ones, the educated class of the Celts. ( lawyers, doctors, teachers, storytellers, ...
3) The Germanic Invasions I. The Anglo-Saxons o 5th century- 1066 o From Southern Denmark(angles); Germany(saxons); Jutland(jutes) o By the 7th c kingdoms had emerged and later KING ALFRED united the kingdoms o They were pagans and very rural people, built in wood rather than stone o It was the saxon farmstead that laid the foundations of the English village II. The Vikings o 8th century- 11th century o From Denmark, Norway o They were ship builders and sailors o In 886 the Danelaw peace treaty was made 4) The Normans/ the final conquest o 1066-1154 o From present-day France o In the battle of Hastings on 14.10
THE U.K Different Parts The United Kingdom is a short way of saying the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The UK is the political name for those countries which share a parliament in London. All of them were at one time independent kingdoms with their own monarch. Now they are all part of the same kingdom and share the same monarch. The UK consists of Northern Ireland, Scotland, England and Wales. The peoples of these countries are British subjects; they hold British passports and therefore their nationality is British. The british Isles is the geographical name for all the islands off the west coast of Europe. These islands also include The Republic of Ireland, which is politically independent of the Britsh government. Many people refer to the inhabitants of the British isles as 'the English', but England is only one of the countries. The other countries are Scotla...
Edward lived in exile until 1041. At the death of Canute in 1035, Edward led an abortive attempt to capture the crown for himself. He was recalled, for some reason, to the court of Hardicanute. Edward was crowned at the cathedral of Winchester, the royal seat of the West Saxons on 3 April 1043. According to those who compiled the Anglo- Saxon Chronicle, the first thing Edward did, despite his religious views, was to deprive his mother of all of her estates and reduce her to relative poverty. It is said that Edward blamed her for his miserable and lonely childhood. For the first eleven years of Edward's reign the real ruler of England was Godwin, Earl of Wessex. In 1045, he married Godwin's only daughter, Edith.
Roman control of Britain came to an end as the empire began to collapse. In the late fourth century the Roman legions found it more and more difficult to stop the Scots from crossing Hadrian's Wall. On the mainland, Germanic tribes began to raid the coast of Gaul6 and even northern Italy. In 409 AD Rome pulled its last soldiers out of Britain. They were soon followed by the colonists. The Romanized Britons were left to fight alone against the Scots and the Saxon raiders. The following year Rome itself fell to the raiders. Despite their long occupation of Britain, the Romans left very little behind. Unlike Gaul or Spain, they left here neither their system of law and administration nor their language. Latin completely disappeared both in its spoken and written forms when the Anglo-Saxons invaded Britain in the fifth century AD. Moreover, most of the Roman villas, baths and temples, the cities they had founded were soon destroyed
1: When was London founded, and by whom? London, England was founded in A.D. 43 by the Romans 2: What was its original name? Londinium 3: What happened to London in 61 AD? 61 AD Boadicea, the queen of a tribe of Britons, led a rebellion against the Romans 4: What was the population of London in the second century AD? Around 60,000 5: What happened in 851 AD? 6: What did Alfred the Great do? He defended Anglo-Saxon England from Viking raids, formulated a code of laws, and fostered a rebirth of religious and scholarly activity. His reign exhibits military skill and innovation, sound governance and the ability to inspire men and plan for the future, piety and a practical commitment to the support of religion, personal scholarship and the promotion of education. 7: What did Ethelred do at London Bridge? King Ethelred burnt down the bridge to split apart the invading forces of the Dane Svein Haraldsson 8: Who controlled London from 101...
varemgi enda bändi luua. Nüüd, 28. oktoobril, sai see siis lõpuks ka teoks. Bändi esimene proov toimus Lars Ulrichi garaazis. Sel hetkel olid bändis ainult Ulrich, Hetfield ja kitarrist Lloyd Grant. Bassist Ron McGovney, Metallica esimene bassimees, liitus mõni päev hiljem. Bänd kasutas ka paari asendusbassisti, näiteks Brad Parkerit ja Jeff Warnerit. Paljud fännid nägid Metallicas valdavalt rock'n'roll - muusikat. Metallicat inspireerisid Motörhead, Diamond Head, Saxon ja teised bändid, kes viljelesid uue laine heavy metalit. Inspiratsiooni said nad ka hardcore punk bändidelt nagu Misfits ja Discharge. Bänd sai oma nime, kui Ulrich aitas San Francisco piirkonna metali edendajal Ron Quintanal välja valida nime uue ajakirja jaoks, reklaamimaks metalit ja uusi heavy metali uue laine bände. Quintana tuli välja nimega "Metallica", aga Lars soovitas kähku teist nime ja otsustas kasutada seda enda bändi nimena. Metallica on müünud 57 miljonit
ENGLAND General overview England is part of the United Kingdom Land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales on to the west The English Channel on south separates it form continental Europe The country includes over 100 smaller islands Capital and largest city is London Its has consitutional monarchy Monarch is Elizabeth II Total area is 130,395 km2 Population is 51,446,000 million, around 84% of the population of the UK Currency is Pound stearling(GBP) Has left-hand traffic Patron saint is ST. George Geography England comprises the central and southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain, in addition to a number of small islands of which the largest is the Isle of Wight Much of England consists of rolling hills, but it is generally more mountainous in the north with a chain of mountains, the Pennines, dividing east and west Other hilly areas in the north and Midlands are the La...
The UK & London The United Kingdom (or the UK) is a short way of saying the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Norther Ireland. The UK is situated north-west of the European continent between the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. The UK consists of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Its highest point is Ben Nevis in Scotland followed by Snowdon in Wales. The Severn is the longest river in the United Kingdom. Other important rivers are the Trent, the Mersey, the Tyne, etc. Lough Neagh which lies in the centre of Northern Ireland is thr UK's largest freshwater lake. The climate in the UK is variable. The weather changes so frequently that it is difficult to forecast. It is not unusual for people to complain that the weathermen were wrong. Fortunately there is no extreme weather conditions, it is never very cold or very hot. The first inhabitants were Iberians and Celts who sett...
8. Beowulf Beowulf is the most famous heroic poem (written down 8-9cc) Beowulf is a war-leader from Scandinavia.He rescued the land of the Danes from a man-like monster Grendel. The monster kills the hero.The poet describes the funeral and how warriors mourned their king. 9. The Vikings, their way of life. Sutton Hoo In 789 three ships carrying Northmen (Vikings vikingr = pirate, raider in the old Norwegian) landed on the coast of the kingdom of the West Saxon. Many were sailors who sailed looking for plunder, trade and land for new settlements. Their craftworkers made beautiful objects. Most of the written evidence about the Vikings in England comes from ANGLO-SAXON CHRONICLE (892) Vikings lived in country settlements, grew crops, vegetables, kept animals, hunted animals, birds, fish. Vikings were great traders in town markets. JORVIK typical Viking town 9th c. V. moved to the islands of Shetland, Orkneys, the Hebrides, Ireland
"Kill 'em Allil" ei olnud suuri müüginumbreid, aga see stabiliseeris bändi fännide ringkonna. Aasta hiljem avaldas "Metallica" oma teise "Megaforce" albumi "Ride the Lightning". Uus album laiendas bändi vormi sõnaliselt ja intsrumentaalselt, mis kasvas üle "Kill 'em Alli" laulude.Paljud fännid nägid Metallicas valdavalt rock'n'roll-muusikat. Metallicat inspireerisid Motörhead, Diamond Head, Saxon ja teised bändid, kes viljelesid uue laine heavy metalit. Inspiratsiooni said nad ka hardcore punk bändidelt nagu Misfits ja Discharge. Koosseis Algkoosseis · James Hetfield - vokaal, rütmikitarr · Lars Ulrich - trummid · Dave Mustaine - soolokitarr · Ron McGovney basskitarr Muutused 1982. aasta lõpul tuli Ron McGovney asemele bassimängijaks Cliff Burton ja 1983 Mustaine'i
J.D Salinger ,,Kuristik rukkis" 1. Miks ei vaadanud Holden Caulfield aasta viimast jalgpallimängu Pencey ja Saxon Halli vahel? Ta ei läinud mängu vaatama (vaatas künkalt natuke), kuna: esiteks oli tal ilmselt häbi sinna minna, kuna ta just saabus New York`ist, kus pidi toimuma vehklejate võistlus, kuid mäng jäi ära, kuna tema, kapten, unustas kogu oma varustuse metroosse. Teine põhjus oli see, et ta tahtis minna hüvasti jätma oma vana ajalooõpetaja Spenceriga, kuna Holden visati koolist taaskord välja. 2
What is London? London is one of the largest cities in the world, with an area of 1706,8 km2. It is the capital of England and The United Kingdom. It is in Central Europe. The city lies on the river Thames. London has 7,556,900 inhabitants, which is more than a quarter of the countries in Europe! For one city, London is very special. The beginning of London Before the founding of London, there had already been smaller groups of people in the area. There aren't any records on who they were. The first mayor settlement of London was in 43 AD. Romans came to the banks of the river Thames. They built houses, a port and a bridge over the river (later known as London Bridge). They named the place Londinium. In the year 200 they built a wall around their city. The wall doesn't exist today, but a part of it can be seen near the Museum of London. In the year 61 Londinium was burned down. The houses were made out of wood back then, so this was ...
The United Kingdom The United Kingdom consists of England, Scotland, Wales and North Ireland and it is situated in the Atlantic Ocean near the mainland of Europe. The population of the UK is 58.6 million and area is 244,110 sq km. Britain has a temperate humid climate. Its characteristic features are mild winters, warm summer, no temperature extremes, abundant rain all year round and frequent changes of weather. The mild climate is partly due to the warm Gulf Stream and partly to the south westerly winds. Occasional winds from the east in winter may bring cold and dry weather. The distribution of rainfall is influenced by the Atlantic Stream. The mountainous areas of the north and west have more rain than the lowlands of the south and east. Wales is located on a peninsula in central-west Britain. The entire area of Wales is about 20,779 km². Wales borders by England to the e...
Ivanhoe Theodor Tombach, 9.b AUTOR JA PEALKIRI: Sir Walter Scott "Ivanhoe" THTSAMAD TEGELASED: Ivanhoe Rebecca Rowena Prints John Maurice De Bracy Cedric the Saxon Isaac of York Lucas de Beaumanoir Conrade de Montfichet Waldemar Fitzurse Aethelstane Wamba Gurth Locksley Must rtel PHIPROBLEEM: 1192. aastal kartis inglise rahvas oma armastatud kuninga Richard I, keda kutsuti ka Richard Lvisdameks, elu prast. Rahvas ei teadnud, kas ta oli elus vi surnud. Kuningas kadus tagasiteel koju ristiretkelt Pha Maale. Ristiretked olid ususjad. Inglismaal kuuldusid jutud, et Richardi vend prints John on ta vangistanud, et saada tema asemele riiki valitsema, nagu
Review Kate Winslet Sigrid Pihel From 6.b Tallinn 2010 Kate Elizabeth Winslet is one of the most eminent British female actors who became famous on Hollywood movies. She won Academy Award nominations for five times. She was also nominated for the prestigious Emmy Award. The awards won by Kate Winslet the include BAFTA, Grammy and Screen Actor's guild award. The English actress is famous for diverse range of characters she played in her entire film career. She is thus a beautiful female actor with the capability to play a diverse range of roles. Early life of Kate Winslet Kate Winslet was born on October 5, 1975 in Reading, Berkshire, England to Roger John Winslet and Sally Ann Bridges. Her father was swimming-pool contractor and her mother was a barmaid, though both of them shared a common interest of acting. She had two sisters-Beth Winslet and Anna Winslet, who ...