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W. Rostow, and John Kenneth Galbraith have been explaining for years how it is that "classical economics" cannot explain change or growth. And the paradox of mechanization is that although it is itself the cause of maximal growth and change, the principle of mechanization excludes the very possibility of growth or the understanding of change. For mechanization is achieved by fragmentation of any process and by putting the fragmented parts in a series. Yet, as David Hume showed in the eighteenth century, there is no principle of causality in a mere sequence. That one thing follows another accounts for nothing. Nothing follows from following, except change. So the greatest of all reversals occurred with electricity, that ended sequence by making things instant. With instant speed the causes of things be an to emerge to awareness again, as they had not done with things in sequence and in concatenation accordingly. Instead of asking which came first, the
Although Shakespeare has always been well-known, it was during the Augustan times that he truly became a national icon, he was immortalized and was an inspiration to many artists of the era. Due to the content of his plays, his work is considered timeless regarding the analysis of human nature and social issues. The virtues that Shakespeare had praised in his work took hold and the Augustan society emphasized them heavily. Famous people of the time like David Garrick, who was one of the most important and well-known actors of the time, admired Shakespeare and even had a monument raised for Shakespeare, in order to celebrate the immortalized playwright. (Coursebook pp. 171-173) 28. The Augustan attempts at canon formation During the 18th century, with the attempt to form an authentic English national culture, a literary canon started to slowly emerge. This started with Shakespeare, as he became an important icon of
Balmont, Mikhail Kuzmin, Igor Severyanin, Sasha Chorny, Nikolay Gumilyov, Maximilian Voloshin, Innokenty Annensky, Zinaida Gippius. The poets most often associated with the "Silver Age" are Anna Akhmatova, Marina Tsvetaeva, Osip Mandelstam and Boris Pasternak. While the Silver Age is considered to be the development of the 19th-century Russian literature tradition, some avant-garde poets tried to overturn it: Velimir Khlebnikov, David Burliuk, Aleksei Kruchenykh and Vladimir Mayakovsky. Though the Silver Age is famous mostly for its poetry, it produced some first-rate novelists and short-story writers, such as Aleksandr Kuprin, Nobel Prize winner Ivan Bunin, Leonid Andreyev, Fedor Sologub, Aleksey Remizov, Yevgeny Zamyatin, Dmitry Merezhkovsky and Andrei Bely, though most of them wrote poetry as well as prose. With the victory of Russia's Revolution, Mayakovsky worked on interpreting the facts of the new reality
on the way, near Pisa. At Rome he studied at the French Academy under two celebrated painters, Solimena and Imperiale. He enjoyed Roman society and entertained them by writing verse, sonnets, odes, epigrams in various languages. In 1738 he returned to Edinburgh for two years and began a series of very fine portraits, especially of the 2nd Duke of Argyll. He found Edinburgh society fully as famous as London's and made friends with David Hume, Adam Smith, William Robertson and others of that brilliant coterie. In 1756 he returned to London and was on terms of intimacy with top society, painting portraits of many of them. He painted several portraits of the young King George III and Queen Charlotte for presentation to foreign monarchs and statesmen. So much was demanded of him that he employed the young Scots painters, David Martin and A]exander Nasmyth, to assist him.
honor him as a martyr. *St Andrew He is the patron saint of Scotland. He was a very humble man and to honour the Savior he had himself crucified on the X-shaped cross. It was not a regular cross, because he did not want to put himself on the same level than the Christ. The flag of Scotland feature St Andrew's X-shaped cross. The feast of Saint Andrew is held on November 30 in both the Eastern and Western churches, and is the national day of Scotland. *St David He is the patron saint of Wales. He was a model monk ad he established 12 monasteries in Wales. David contrasts with the other national patron saints of the British Isles, because he is a native of the country of which he is patron saint. He became known as a teacher and preacher, founding monastic settlements and churches. He rose to a bishopric, and and went on pilgrimages to Jerusalem and Rome. St David's Cathedral now stands on the site
William Blake William Blake was borned in 1757 and died in 1827. He was an English poet, painter, and printmaker. He was the third of seven children. The Bible was an early and profound influence on Blake. At the age of 21, he was to become a professional engraver. After two years, Basire sent his apprentice to copy images from the Gothic churches in London His experiences in Westminster Abbey helped form his artistic style and ideas. Later life and career Blake's marriage to Catherine remained a close and devoted one until his death. Blake taught Catherine to write, and she helped him to colour his printed poems. William and Catherine's first daughter and last child might be Thel described in The Book of Thel who was conceived as dead. Politics Blake was not active in any well-established political party Blake was both concerned about senseless wars of kingdoms, and the blighting effects of the industrial revolution. Much of his poetry recounts in symbolic allegory the effects
The flag of Saint George is in Union Jack 1940 King George VI inauguarated The George Cross- acts of grate heroism St Andrew Patron saint od Scotland as well as Creece russia Was one of the 12 apostles Travelled to Greece to preach christianity where he was crucified on an x-shaped cross- saltire, crux decusata St Andrews cross on Scotland flag Some remains in teh town St Andrews, a place of pilgrimage St david Patron saint of Wales Missioanry, ealry saint who travelled to Wales, sout-west England and Brittany Became archbischop of Wales He was preaching to crowd and the ground rise up. To a hill David founded monastery where St David stands today The Synod of Whitby 664 664 Oswy, king of Northumbria, called a meeting at Whitby- The Synod Of Whitby Which church practises should have precedence in his kingdom- celtic or roman?
1. The Jacobean masque Elizabethan one nation culture, now cultural polarisation between the new courtly culture and the rest of the country. Court in cultural isolation. Ben Jonson. King and courtiers were close to universally recognised ideal types (conflict with the reality). Mysticism. Emergence of perspective view, stage machinery, artificial light, revolution. The stage cast the monarch in the focal point (the lines of perspective of the stage met there. Inigo Jones. Masque an educative vehicle, towards classical antiquity and architecture. Tide towards absolute monarchy. Masque – linked poetry and moral philosophy into art. Music, dance, poetry, lavish illusionistic scenic display to express the doctrines of divine kingship. Great impact. Like gods come down to earth. 2. The Caroline masque Charles decided on subject matter, and acted and danced in masques. Now the regal divinity even more obvious. Ben Jonson. Divine minds of this incomparable pair. Arts role – to
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