Õigusalase inglise keele sõnad/väljendid eesti keelse tõlkega (units 12-18) (0)

Tartu Ülikool - Keeled - Inglise keel

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Inglise keel - Kõik luuletused, mis on inglise keeles

Units 12-18

system of pandects – pandektiline süsteem

general provisions – üldosa

law of property – asjaõigus

family law – perekonnaõigus

law of sucession – pärimisõigus

law of obligations – võlaõigus

General Part of the Civil Code Act – TsÜS

Law of Property Act – AÕS

Family Law Act – perekonnaseadus

Law of Succession Act – PäRS

Law of Obligations Act – VÕS

persons and transactions – isikud ja tehingud

natural persons

legal persons

passive legal capacity – õigusvõime

active legal capacity – (an ability to independently asume civil rights and incur civil obligations) – teovõime

live birth – elussünd

bequeath property – pärandama

mental state – vaimne seisund

restricted active legal capacity – piiratud teovõime

mental illness – vaimehaigus

mental disability – nõdrameelsus

mental disorder – psüühiline häire (sickness of the mind)

legal representative – seaduslik esindaja

on their behalf – kellegi nimel

legal persons in private law – eraõiguslikud juriidilised isikud

legal persons in public law – avalik-õiguslikud juriidilised isikud

public limited company – AS

private limited company – OÜ

general partnership – täisühing

limited partnership – usaldusühing

commercial association – tulundusühing

non- profit association – MTÜ

non-profit foundation – SA

general meeting – üldkoosolek

supervisory board – nõukogu

management board – juhatus

rights and obligations are created, amended, terminated – õiguseid ja kohustusi looma, muutma , lõpetama

void – tühine

in contradiction with good morals – vastuolus heade kommetega

ostensible – näilik

relevant mistake – oluline eksimus

fraud – pettus, kelmus ( making a wrong statement to someone in order to make him or her do sth which will harm him, e.g. lose money )

cancel – tühistama (tehingut)

freedom of the format of a transaction – tehingu vormivabadus

certified by a notary public – notariaalselt tõestatud

unattested written form – lihtkirjalik vorm

hand -written signature – käsikirjaline allkiri

electronic signature – elektrooniline allkiri

agent (representative) – esindaja

right of representation – esindusõigus

arise from law – seadusest tõusetuma/tulenema

right of representation granted by transaction – tehingust tulenev esindusõigus

principal – esindatav

letter of authority = authorisation document – volikiri

specifying deadlines – tähtaegade määramine

limitation periods for an action – nõude esitamise tähtaeg

suspension of limitations – aegumise peatumine

interruption of limitation period – aegumise katkemine

real rights – asjaõigused (a proprietary right enforceable against the whole world)

right of ownership – omandiõigus (the exclusive right to use, possess and dispose of property)

limited real rights – piiratud asjaõigused

movable things – vallasasjad

immovable things – kinnisasjad ( land and houses and other buildings on land)

maintenance obligation in a family – ülalpidamiskohustus

guardianship ( custody ) – eestkoste ( control of a person such as the right and duty of a parent to keep and bring up a child after a divorce)

acceptance of succession – pärandi vastuvõtmine

on the basis of a will (testate) – testamendijärgne

pursuant to law (intestate) – seadusjärgne pärimine

bequeather – pärandaja

non-contractual obligations – lepinguvälised kohustused

deception (deceit) – act of deceiving someone in order to make money

in good faith – in an honest way

to ratify – to approve officially (sth which has already been agreed)

incur – to make yourself liable to

maturity – time when an insurance is due to be paid out (sissenõutav)

mandate – authority given to a person or group of persons authorising and requiring them to act on behalf of the person giving the authority

voidable – which can be made not legally valid or not having any legal effect

building lease = right of superficious – hoonestusõigus

pre-emptive right – ostu-eesõigus (right of first refusal to purchase sth before it is sold to someone else )

right of security – pandiõigus

delivery – üleandmine

occupation – hõivamine

finding – leid

treasure – peitvara

specification – ümbermuutmine

confusion – segamine

accession – ühendamine

prescription – igamine

natural fruit – loodusvili

mercantile law – äriõigus

tax law – maksuõigus

corporal objects – kehalised esemed

establish a right – õigus seadma

transfer a right – õigust üle andma

modify a right – õigust muutma

extinguish a right – õigust lõpetama

protection against infringements by third parties – kaitse rikkumiste vastu kolmanda isiku poolt

parties to an obligation – kohustuse osapooled

delimited – piiritletud

encumbering – koormatud

real agreement – kinnisasja leping

entitled person – õigustatud isik

entries in the land register – sissekanded kinnistusraamatus

servitudes – servituudid (a right by which sth (as a piece of land) owned by one person is subject to a specified use or enjoyment by another )

real encumbrances – reaalkoormis

pledge – pant ( object given by someone as security for a loan )

right to possess – õigus vallata

right to use – õigus kasutada

right to dispose – õigus käsutada

dismembered real right is applicable – piiratud asjaõigus on kohaldatav

personal servitudes – isiklikud servituudid

usufruct – kasutusvaldus (right to enjoy the use or the profit of the property or land of another person)

personal right of use – isiklik kasutusõigus

inheritable right – pärandatav õigus

in money – rahas

in kind – natuuras /naturaaltasu (in goods, produce or services rather than in money)

pledgee – pandi pidaja

claim secured by the pledge – nõue koormatud pandiga

proceeds of the auction – laekunud tulud oksjonil

mortgage – hüpoteek

possessory pledge (pawn) – käsipant

registered pledge – registerpant

trade marks – kaubamärgid

industrial designs – tööstusnäidis

utility model – kasulik mudel

varieties – sordid

layout -designs – mikrolülitus

civil aircrafts – tsiviilõhusõidukid

to dispose of – to exercise the right of ownership, e.g. to encumber or sell property

tangible property – assets which are visible

mortgage – a security grante to a lendera s a right to satisfy a claim out of specific immovable property where the claim is not performed appropriately

encumbrance – liability which is attached usually to a property or land

to entitle – to give someone the right to sth

zoning – order by a council that land is used for only one specific pupose, e.g. type of building

conclude a contract – lepingut sõlmima

breach the contract = to fail to perform

binding contract – õiguslikult siduv leping

sale and purchase contract – ostu-müügileping

offer – pakkumus

acceptance – nõustumus

material breach – oluline rikkumine

omission = inactivity – tegevusetus

contractual obligations arise – lepingulised kohustused tulenevad

enter into – lepingusse astuma

party obliged – kohustatud osapool

freedom of contract – lepinguvabadus

will of the promisor – lubaduse andja tahe

manifestation – tahteväljendus

reasonable expectations – mõistlike ootuste teooria

fulfil the obligation – kohustust täitma

terms and content of the contract – lepingu tingimused ja sisu

door to door contracts – koduukselepingud

standard contacts – tüüplepingud

withdraw from the contacts – lepingust taganema

creation of obligations – kohustuste tekitamine

uniform definition – ühtne määratlus

create or change the legal relationship

common intention – ühine tahe

legally bound – õiguslikult seotud

offeror – pakkuja

offeree – pakkumuse saaja

authorised (evidenced) in writing

preliminary to the conclusion of the contract – eeldus lepingu täitmiseks

invitation to make an offer – ettepanek esitada pakkumus

agreements in honour – ausõnakokkulepped

letters to comfort – soovituskiri

pre-contractual stage – eellepingu faas

knowingly entering into an invalid contract

diclosing confidential information – avaldama konfidentsiaalset informatsiooni

duty to inform – informeerimise kohustus

contacting on standard terms – lepingu sõlmimine tüüptingimustel

procedural and substantive fairness – menetluslik ja sisuline õigus

prohibited standard clauses

consumer association – tarbijate ühistu

valid – legally acceptable; having force

contract – an agreement between two or more parties

counteroffer – vastupakkumine (offer made in reply to another offer)

transaction – an agreement between a buyer and a seller to Exchange an asset for payment

to harmonise – to cause to be in agreement with each other or sth else

to conclude – sõlmima (to arrange or settle sth after lõng talking or argument; to bring about)

term – condition or duty which has to be carried out as part of a contract

reciprocal – given and received in return ; exchanged between two people or groups

binding – which legally forces someone to do sth

bilateral – involving two parties; binding on both parties

autonomy – the right of self- government or management of one’s own affairs

acceptance – one party to a contract agrees to what is proposed by the other party

two-sided contracts – kahepoolsed lepingud

multi -sided contracts – mitmepoolsed lepingud

unilateral contract – ühekülgne leping

bilateral contract – kahekülgne leping

reciprocal contracts – vastastikused lepingud

consideration – vastutasu

exchange of value – väärtuse muutumine

contractual liability – lepinguline vastutus

breach – lepingu rikkumine

non- performance of a contract – lepingu täitmata jätmine

supervening event – ettenägematu asjaolu

perishable goods – kergesti riknevad kaubad

to deliver goods – kaupu üle andma

interest on late payments – viivis

stipulated payment for non-performance – tasu lepingu rikkumise eest

claim damages for non-performance – nõuda rikkumisest tuleneva kahju hüvitamist

monetary obligation – rahaline kohustus

non-monetary obligation – mitterahaline kohustus

aggrieved party – kahjustatud pool

fundamental breach – oluline rikkumine

due performance – kohane täitmine

tender of performance is not accepted – täitmist ei võeta vastu

foreseeable damage – ettenähtav kahju

intentional – tahtlik

grossly negligent – raskelt hooletu

mitigate – leevendama

avoid – vältima

economic loss – (varaline) majanduslik kahju

non-economic loss – mittevaraline kahju

reduction of the value of property – vara väärtuse vähenemine

impairment of the quality of life – elukvaliteedi halvenemine

clause to pre-estimate any loss – eelhindama võimalikke kahjusid

penalty payment – karistusmakse

recover damages – sisse nõudma kahjutasu

penalty – punishment which is imposed if sth is not done

reason – healthy mind that is not mad; sufficient ground of explanation oe of logical defence

to reinstate – to put back into a former job or position

remedy – way of repairing harm or damage suffered

pecuniary – referring to money

obligee – person who is owed a duty; võlausaldaja

aggrieved = injured – party who has been damaged or harmed by a defendant’s action

tender – offer to work for a certain price (pakkumus)

assignee – person who receives sth which has been legally transferred (keegi kellele kohustus on antud)

breach – failure to carry out the terms of an agreement

intent – the will or purpose with which one does an act

material – important or relevant

labour law = employment law

employment contract – tööleping

employee – töötaja

employer – tööandja (person or company which has employees and pays them)

work under the supervision and control of the employer

remuneration – töötasu (payment of services)

individual and collective labour law – individuaalne ja kollektiivne tööõigus

individual labour relations – individuaalsed töösuhted

compulsory full -time schooling

consent of a legal representative – õigusliku esindaja luba

for an indefinite period – määramata ajaks

fixed -term employment contract – tähtajaline tööleping

replacement by another employee – asendaja

selection procedure – konkursi korras tööle võtma

notify the employee – töötajat teavitama

commencement of work – tööle asumise aeg

manner of calculation

due date of wages = pay day – palgapäev

working time – tööaeg (the time when the employee performs the agreed duties)

place of performance of work – töötegemise koht

the duration of holidays – põhipuhkus (annual paid leave)

probationary period – katseaeg

non- competition clause (convenant of non-competation) – konkurentsi piiramise kokkulepe

duty of confidentiality – saladuse hoidmise kohustus

telework – kaugtöö

temporary agency work – vahendatud töö

transferring the money to a bank account – kandma raha pangaarvele

paying in cash – sularahas maksma

minimum wage – töötasu alammäär

set-off wage – tasaarvestus

compensation of expenses – kulude hüvitamine

business trip – töölähetus

overtime work – ületunnitöö (hours worked more than normal working time)

night work – öötöö

shift work – vahetustega töö

part-time work – osaajaline töö

work on days off – töötamine puhkepäevadel

work on public holidays – töötamine riigipühadel

on- call time – valveaeg

incapacity pension – töövõimetuspension

pregnancy- and maternity leave – rasedus - ja sünnituspuhkus

paternity leave – isapuhkus

parental leave – lapsehoolduspuhkus

leave without pay – palgata puhkus

educational leave = study leave – õppepuhkus

frequent ground – sage alus

proprietary liability – varaline vastutus

cancel ordinarily or extraordinarily – üles ütlema korraliselt või erakorraliselt

dismiss – lahti laskma

an advance notice – ette teatama

length of service (seniority – ühes ettevõttes) – tööstaaž

labour dispute committees – töövaidluskomisjonid

labour inspectorate – tööinspektsioon

tripartite body – kolmepoolne

trade union – ametiühing

collective bargaining – kollektiivsed läbirääkimised

shop steward – usaldusisik

collective labour relations – kollektiivne töösuhe

labour dispute – töötüli

Public Conciliator – riiklik lepitaja

call a strike – kuulutama streiki

warning strike – hoiatusstreik

lockout – töösulg (the closing of a place of employment by an employer, in order to bring pressure on employees to agree to terms)

pressure activities – surveaktsioonid

keep to the peace obligation

reinstatement – ennistamine (restoration of employment, or to a former ränk or condition)

to reimburse – to repay or compensate someone for (money already spent , damage, losses ) hüvitama

social security law – sotsiaalhooldusõigus

incapacity for work – töövõimetus

occupational accident = work accident – tööõnnetus

occupational disease – kutsehaigus

loss of income – saamata jäänud tulu

right to state assistance – õigus riigi abile

disability to work –

loss of a provider – toitjakaotus (a person who supports a family)

social insurance – sotsiaalkindlustus

social assistance – sotsiaalabi

depend on the former income – sõltub eelnevast sissetulekust

insured event (social risk) occurs – kindlustatud sündmus juhtub

social benefit – sotsiaaltoetus

benefit – the general money provided by the government to people who need it (e.g. sick or unemployed )

State Family Benefits Act – riiklike peretoetuste seadus

allowance – money which is given for a special reason

child benefit/allowance – lastetoetus

reimbursement of expenses – kulude hüvitamine

family benefit/allowance – peretoetus

childbirth allowance – sünnitoetus

adoption allowance – lapsendamistoetus

child care allowance – lapsehooldustasu

start in independent life allowance – elluastumistoetus

conscript’s child allowance – ajateenija lapse toetus

foster care allowance – eestkostel oleva lapse toetus (to look after and bring up a child who is not your own)

single parent’s child allowance – üksikvanema lapse toetus

receive a parental benefit – saama vanemahüvitist

increase competitiveness – tõstma konkurentsivõimet

labour market – tööturg

Labour Market Services and Benefits Act – tööturuteenuste ja –toetuste seadus

job-seeker – tööotsija

Unemployment Insurance Fund – Töötukassa

unemployment benefit – töötushüvitis

employment services – tööhõivetalitus

employment training – tööturukoolitus

stipend ( grant ) – toetus (money given by the state for a particular purpose)

community placement – hädaabitöö

business start up subsidy – äriga alustamise toetus

wage subsidy – palgatoetus

receive unemployment insurance benefit – saama töötuskindlustushüvitist

health insurance system – ravikindlustussüsteem

medicinal products – ravimid

health insurance benefit – ravikindlustushüvitis

temporary disability to work – ajutine töövõimetus

confinement – sünnitus

providing care of a sick family member – hoolitsema haige pereliikme eest

rehabilitation – taastusravi

medical certificate – arstitõend

certificate for sick leave – haigusleht

certificate for care leave – hooldusleht

certificate for maternity leave – sünnitusleht

pension insurance – pensionikindlustus

State Pension Insurance Act – riiklik pensionikindlustuse seadus

old-age pension – vanaduspension

pension for incapacity for work (incapacity pension) – töövõimetuspension

survivor’s pension – toitjakaotuspension

national pension – rahvapension

required years of pensionable service – nõutav pensioniõiguslik staaž

accumulation period – pensionikindlustusstaaž

required age for the grant of a pension – vanaduspensioniiga

permanently incapacitated for work – püsivalt töövõimetu

total incapacity for work – täielik töövõimetus

partial incapacity for work – osaline töövõimetus

medical assessment committee – arstliku ekspertiisi komisjon

children maintained by him/her – lapsed keda ta üleval pidas

special pension – eripension

Old-Age Pensions Under Favourable Conditions Act – soodustingimustel vanaduspensionide seadus

State Audit Office – Riigikontroll

voluntary pension insurance – vabatahtlik pensionikindlustus

pension fund – pensionifond

insurance companies – kindlustusselts

social counselling – sotsiaalnõustamine

orthopedic appliances – ortopeediline abivahend

housing services – eluasemeteenused

domestic services – koduteenused

social welfare institution – sotsiaalhoolekandeasutus

subsistence benefit – toimetulekutoetus

deduction – maha arvestamine

subsistence level – toimetulekutase

Social Welfare Act – sotsiaalhoolekande seadus

non-contractual obligations – lepinguvälised kohustused

public promise to pay – tasu avalik lubamine

presentation of a thing – asja ettenäitamine

benevolent intervention in another’s affairs – käsundita asjaajamine

unjustified enrichment – alusetu rikastumine

tort law – kahju õigusvastane tekitamine

prerequisite of a claim – nõude eeldus

legitimate interest – õigustatud huvi

intervener – asjaajaja

on behalf of another person – teise nimel

principal – esindatav, volitaja

genuine – ehtne

not genuine – mitte ehtne

false acting in one’s own interest – ekslik käsundita asjaajamine

non-permissible acting in one’s own interest – lubamatu käsundita asjaajamine

obligation lapses – kohustus langeb ära

has incurred expenses – teinud kulutusi

damage caused by fault -based liability – kahju süülisest põhjustamisest

strict liability – riskivastutus

liability of the producer – tootjavastutus

tortfeasor – kahju tekitaja

causal relationship – põhjuslik seos

victim consents to causing the damage – kannatanu nõusolek kahju tekitamiseks

self-defence – hädakaitse

self help – omaabi

forms of culpability – süü vormid

intent – tahtlus

negligence – hooletus

gross negligence – raske hooletus

defective product – puudusega toode

Law of Civil Procedure – tsiviilkohtumenetlus

procedural relationship – menetluslik suhe

instituting a civil procedure –

conciliation procedure – lepitusmenetlus

extra -judicial dispute settlement – kohtuväline vaidluse lahendamine

arbitral tribunal – vahekohus

Court of Justice of the EU – Euroopa Liidu kohus

European Court of Human Rights – Euroopa Inimõiguste kohus

misdemeanor procedure – väärteomenetlus

Code of Civil Procedure – tsiviilkohtumenetluse seadustik

adjudication of civil matter – tsiviilasja lahendamine

proceeding of action – hagimenetlus

plaintiff/defendant – hageja /kostja

claim is settled – nõuet rahuldama

claim is denied – nõuet rahuldamata jätma

participate in person

be represented by a representative

contractual representative – lepinguline esindaja

proceedings on petition – hagita menetlus

adversarial procedure – võistlev menetlus

expedited procedure in matters of payment order – maksekäsu kiirmenetlus

apartement ownership – korteromand

common ownersip – kaasomand

curatorship – hooldusõigus

appointment of a guardian – eestkostja määramine

closed institution – kinnine asutus

compulsory dissolution of a legal entity – juriidilise isiku sundlõpetamine

bankruptcy proceedings – pankrotimenetlus

reorganisation proceedings – saneerimismenetlus

declaration of death of a person – inimese surnuks kuulutamine

challenging the decisions of a bailiff – vaidlustama kohtutäituri otsuseid

freedom to dispose – vabadus käsutada

publicity of proceedings – menetluse avalikkus

impartial leader of proceeding – erapooletu menetluse läbiviija

implementer of law – seaduse rakendaja

mediator – lepitaja

biased judge – erapoolik kohtunik

removal of a judge – kohtuniku eemaldamine

petition of challenge – taandamise taotlus

withdraw an action – hagi tagasivõtmine

admit the claim – tunnistama nõuet

substantive law – materiaalõigus

judge sitting alone – üksik kohtunik

preparatory decisions – eelotsus

assistent judge – kohtunikuabi

minutes – protokoll

file – kohtutoimik

contempt of court – lugupidamatus kohtu vastu

coercive measures – sunnimeetmed

expiration of terms – tähtaja möödumine

juristiction – kohtualluvus

general – üldine

optional – valikuline

exclusive – erandlik

by agreement – kokkuleppeline

value of a civil matter – tsiviilasja hind

state fee – riigilõiv

pay security (bail) – maksma kautsjonit

procedural assistance – menetlusabi

procedural expences – menetluskulud

commence – algama

bring an action – esitama hagi

seizure of a property – vara arestimine

establishment of a judicial mortgage on property – seadma varale kohtulikku hüpoteeki

provisional legal protection – esialgne õiguskaitse

simplified proceeding – lihtmenetlus

negotiable instruments and collaterals – dokumendimenetlus ja tagatis

default judgment – tagaseljaotsus

witness statement – tunnistaja ütlused

sworn affidavit of a party – vande all antud tunnistus

documentary evidence – dokumentaalsed asitõendid

physical evidence – asitõendid

inspection – vaatlus

substantive resolution ( decision ) – sisuline lahendamine

court ruling – kohtumäärus

interim judgment – vaheotsus

partial judgment – osaotsus

expiry of the term to appeal – kaebetähtaja möödumine

enforcement procedure – täitemenetlus

review – teistmine

jurisdictional disputes- pädevusvaidlus

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KirjuKoer1 Õppematerjali autor

Inglise õiguskeele sõnad ja väljendid eesti keelse tõlkega (units 12-18).

English for Law Students sõnad mõisted erialane õiguskeel erialane inglise keel

Sarnased õppematerjalid

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Sissejuhatus inglise õiguskeelde

Reputation the opinion that people in general have about someone or something, because of sth that has happened in the past. (public image of sb or sth) Family law Family law is an area of the law that deals with family-related issues and domestic relations Unjust enrichment improving your financial status in an illegal way Procedure a set of actions which is the official or accepted way of doing something; Plaintiff someone who makes a legal complaint against someone else in court (civil) Suspect to think or believe something to be true or probable without having any proof Victim someone or something which has been hurt, damaged or killed or has suffered, either because of the actions of someone or something else, or because of illness or chance; Beyond reasonable doubt If a legal case or a person's guilt is proved beyond reasonable doubt, there is enough proof for the person accused of a crime to be judged guilty; almost completely certain.

Inglise õiguskeel 1

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Sissejuhatus erialasesse õiguskeelde (inglise keel)

abuse, divorce, adoption) unjust enrichment (alusetu rikastumine) - when a person unfairly gets a benefit by chance, mistake or another's misfortune legal remedies (õiguskaitsevahendid) - the way a right is enforced by a court of law when wrongful act is imposed upon another individual procedure (menetlus) - the official and proper way of doing things in a legal case in certain way or order victim (ohver) - a person who has been attacked, injured, robbed, or killed by someone else. beyond reasonable doubt (väljaspool mõistlikku kahtlust) - the standard that must be met by the prosecution's evidence in a criminal prosecution: that no other logical explanation can be derived on the blanace of probabilities (tõenäosuse tasakaalul põhinev) - the standard of proof in civil cases, demanding that the case that is the more probable should succeed (51%) suspect (kahtlusalune) - a person believed to have committed a crime

Erialane õiguskeel

Investors Handbook-A Legal Guide to Business in Georgia

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Investors Handbook. A Legal Guide to Business in Georgia

It is thus not expected to be a substitute for detailed research or exercise of professional judgment on above mentioned topics. Companies and individuals operating in Georgia or planning to operate, are strongly advised to obtain current and detailed information from experienced professionals. None of the organizations mentioned above, nor their members, employees or agents accept liability for the consequences of you and anyone else acting or refraining to act on the information contained in this brochure or for any decision based on it. The brochure is published with support of the German Development Cooperation Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ). Findings, conclusions and comments made in the publication do not necessarily reflect the opinion of GIZ. This publication may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the written permission of the copyright holder.

Inglise keel

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"Õigus" teemalised Inglise keelsed õigusterminid

d. Can cause felony or misdemeanor 1. Summary (or simple) offences 2. Minor indictable offences 3. Major indictable offences In Estonia: - criminal offences o the first and the second degree - misdemeanor  7. nov – case brief Terms 33-34: 1. Employer - a person, company, or organization that pays people to work for them: 2. Employee - someone who is paid to work for someone else 3. Welfare system - (heaolusüsteem) a system that allows the government of a country to provide social services such as healthcare, unemployment benefit, etc. to people who need them, paid for by taxes 4. Unjustified dismissal - (vallandamine) the situation in which an employer wrongfully makes someone leave their job permanently 5. Benefit - (kasu) a helpful or good effect, or something intended to help 6

Akadeemiline inglise keel

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Business peculiarities in Russia

Closed Joint Stock Company (CJSC) (zakrytoe akcionernoe obshchestvo, ZAO). Each of these forms has advantages and disadvantages. Selection of a particular form of incorporation of the enterprise depends on many different factors. The set and the effect of these factors are different for different types of businesses. For example, before the start of the business may have some questions: Do you like independence? Do you want to start a business with someone else? Are you willing to provide a large document in the company? Are you going to buy large quantities of goods on credit? Are you able to independently make the required amount of capital? As is often the case, you may find that your answers suggest several possible solutions. You will also, eventually, will have to choose the best form of incorporation of your company. The answers to the above questions may lead to the following conclusions:

Inglise keel

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prelim year 1

property, rather than crime Public law – the area of law that deals with the relationship between the government and other organizations or between the government and the public Private law – the area of law that deals with disagreements between people or companies Family law – an area of the law that deals with matrimonial matters and domestic relations Plaintiff – someone who makes a legal complaint against someone else in court On the balance of probabilities – a dispute is decided in favour of the party whose claims are more likely to be true Evidence – proof To prove – to show that something is true Procedure – a series of steps followed in a definite order Dispute – disagreement Citizen – a member of a state One way of classifying law is to divide it into public and private law. Civil law is part of the private law and concerns disputes between citizens. It is made up of

Kategoriseerimata

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Public International Law is a system of law

Public International Law is a system of law, different from domestic law. Why is this system unique? Usually law regulates relations between people, people and the state etc, PIL regulates relations between states. Thats why PIL is important for international relation students. PIL influences the life of everybody, it doesn't regulate people directly but indirectly (through the decisions of the states), because it's everywhere. It's like air. E.g. when you want to send a letter to Brazil, you put a stamp from your own country and send it from your post office and the letter gets delivered. Why is this so easy, because there are certain international conventions that regulate postal services. E.g. traffic signs are almost the same everywhere, why? Because of certain int conventions that require the states to have more or less unified traffic signs. States apply international regulations to national regulations and they have to be in accordance with each other, the s

Inglise keel

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Essential Vocabulary töö

1. reegleid järgima observe rules 2. reegleid rikkuma break rules 3. vägivaldselt käituma (kellegi suhtes) act violently towards 4. vastuvõetava käitumise reegleid kehtestama establish acceptable rules of behaviour 5. õigusi kaitsma protect rights 6. õigusi maksma panema assert rights 7. õigusi piirama restrict rights 8. kohustusi peale panema impose duties on 9. seadust järgima obey law, observe law 10. seaduskuulekad inimesed law-abiding people 11. seadust jõustama enforce law 12. alaealised minors 13. õiguskaitseorganid law enforcement agencies 14. süütegusid uurima investigate offences 15. karistust määrama impose punishment on 16. kuritegu sooritama commit crime 1

Inglise keel

Rohkem sarnaseid