Vajad kellegagi rääkida?
Küsi julgelt abi LasteAbi
Logi sisse

"Õigus" teemalised Inglise keelsed õigusterminid (0)

1 Hindamata
Punktid
Inglise keel - Kõik luuletused, mis on inglise keeles




https://quizlet.com/388172484/inka-test-flash-cards/? i=25w06u&x=1jqY&fbclid=IwAR1qQksMLyeDlPJwkOTW_Fq18r1xJUkZrlbt6nX49ZocC _ojSaZoykYBJXk Prosecutor, judge, sworn advocate, notary NOTARY JUDGE PROSECUTOR SWORN ADVOCATE/ ATTORNEY-AT- LAW WHAT DO THEY 
DO? A notary public of the 
common law is a 
public officer 
constituted by law to 
serve the public in 
non-contentious 
matters usually 
concerned with 
estates, deeds, powers-
of-attorney, and 
foreign and 
international business. 
A notary's main 
functions are to 
administer oaths and 
affirmations, take 
affidavits and statutory
declarations, witness 
and authenticate the 
execution of certain 
classes of documents, 
take acknowledgments
of deeds and other 
conveyances, protest 
notes and bills of 
exchange, provide 
notice of foreign 
drafts, prepare marine 
or ship's protests in 
cases of damage, 
provide 
exemplifications and 
notarial copies, and 
perform certain other 
official acts depending
on the jurisdiction A judge presides over 
a courtroom, hearing 
evidence, making 
decisions on motions. 
The judge is 
responsible for 
assuring the law is 
followed and carried 
out in every case. 
Judges also read 
through court 
documents and may 
research legal issues. The prosecutor has 
three main tasks:   to investigate 
crimes,   to decide whether 
or not to instigate 
(põhjustama, 
kaasa tooma) legal
proceedings  to appear in court Attorney at law or 
attorney-at-law, 
usually abbreviated in 
everyday speech to 
attorney, is the 
preferred term for a 
practising lawyer in 
certain jurisdictions REQUIREMENTS –  Be EU citizen A citizen who: A citizen:  Be competent 


WHO CAN BE?  Have a  master’s degree in 
science of law  Have a clean  record (no criminal 
charges) In check and Germany
they need to EU 
citizens as well  Has master’s 
degree in law  Has proficiency 
(oskus) in the 
Estonian at the 
advanced level  is of high moral 
character and has 
the abilities and 
personal 
characteristics 
necessary for 
working as a judge  at least 21 years 
old  Has master’s 
degree in law  Has proficiency 
(oskus) in the 
Estonian at the 
advanced level  is of high moral 
character and has 
the abilities and 
personal 
characteristics 
necessary for 
working as a 
prosecutor  is professional. (teovõimeline)  Live in  Estonia or be EU 
citizen  Have master’s  degree in science of 
law  Write and  speak Estonian at least
at C1 level  Be honest and  moral   At least 24- years old WHO CANNOT 
BE?  The person 
who has 
convicted a 
criminal 
offence  A person who:  a person who is 
convicted of a 
criminal offence
;  a person who has 
been removed 
from
 the office of 
judge, notary 
public or bailiff;  a person expelled 
from
 (tagandatud)
the Estonian Bar 
Association;  a person who has 
been released from
public service for 
a disciplinary 
offence;  a bankrupt person.  a member of the 
Riigikogu or 
member of a rural 
municipality or 
city council;  a member of a 
political party;  a person who 
has been 
removed from 
the bar EXAMS AND 
TRAININGS TO 
BE PASSED  The notary public 
contest (written 
test and oral exam)  Candidate service 
(test in the middle)  Judicial training  The judge’s 
examination  To solve two cases  To pass an 
interview  Sworn advocate’s 
assistant exam  Be sworn 
advocate’s 
assistant for at 


 Notary exam least 3 years  Sworn advocate’s 
exam  HOW MANY 
MEMBERS IN 
THE… THE CHAMBER OF 
NOTARIES  All current notaries ESTONIAN 
ASSOCIATION OF 
JUDGES  224 members of 
association  4 of them are 
honourable 
members THE GENERAL 
ASSEMBLY OF 
PROSECUTORS   All the current 
prosecutors ESTONIAN BAR 
ASSOCIATION HOW MANY OF 
THEM IN 
ESTONIA 92 notaries  242 judge’s position in
total:   150 in County 
court  28 in 
Administrative 
Court  19 in Supreme 
Court Over 20 000 in 
germany 191 prosecutors In Germany  Around 1100 sworn 
advocates Around … sworn 
advocate’s assistants SALARY On average 16 000 
euros. Depends on the 
number of clients. From 3 380 to 4 225 
euros From 2 202 to 5 243 
euros Usually more than 
1000 euros Depends on the 
number of clients In germany they take only to exams to enter the general assembly of prosecutors, bar of 
association, chamber of notaries or association of judges 31 - 32 1. Original court (maakohus) - trial court, the first level of the court, where the cases are  tried; county court 2. Appellate court (ringkonnakohus) – courts, which are responsible for hearing and  reviewing appeals from legal cases that have already been heard in a trial-level or 
another lower court. 3. Jurisdiction (jurisdiktsioon)- the official power to make legal decisions and judgements.
4. To exercise jurisdiction  - to apply the official power to make legal decisions and  judgements


5. Amount of a claim – the sum of money a. Main claim 2000 euros
b. And final claim 4000 euros
6. Probate - the legal process of deciding if a person's will has been made correctly and if  the information it contains is correct 7. Divorce - an official or legal process to end a marriage a. Custody for mothers
b. Fathers need to pay alimony
c. Visitation right 
for fathers – külastusõigus isale 8. Canon law - ecclesiastical law, especially (in the Roman Catholic Church) that laid  down by papal pronouncements a. Ecclesiastical – kiriku-, kiriklik, kristlik
b. Papal – paavstilik, paavstiga seonduv
c. Pronouncement - väljakuulutamine 9. Will (land)- used to talk about what is going to happen in the future, especially things  that you are certain about or things that are planned a. Begueath testament
b. Testament dispositions – testamentlikud korraldused
c. Holograph form – testament peab olema kõik käsitsi kirjutatud 10. Single judge – only one judge, who has the right to decide; the term, which refers to the  lowest court within the judicial system 11. Respondent (kostja/vastaja/respondent) vs appellant - a person who answers a request  for information 12. Matrimonial matters – relating to the state of being married
13. Guardianship - the state or duty of being a  person who has the legal right and  responsibility of taking care of someone who cannot take care of himself or herself 14. Adoption – your legal duty to take care of the children a. the action or fact of adopting or being adopted (adoptive parents - lapsendajad) 15. Affiliation (liitumine/ kuuluvus) -  the process officially attaching or connecting sb to an organization; connection to political party, religional group or something else; the man 
is legally related to the child
a. Paternity cases – isaduse tõestamine  16. Illegitimate child (vallaslaps) - a child who is born to parents who are not married to  each other a. Bastard, love child 17. Adjudicate (otsust langetama) - to make a formal judgement on a disputed matter a. – settle a little dispute 18. Leave (luba) time allowed away from work for a holiday or illness a. To grant a leave – give sb the permission 19. Litigate (kohut käima, süüdistust nõudma) - to ask for a disagreement to be discussed in  a court of law so that a judgment can be made that must be accepted by both sides in the 
argument


20. To award damages - to order one party in a dispute to compensate another party for a  loss or injury. 21. Personal injury - physical injury inflicted to a person's body, as opposed to damage to  property or reputation Classification of the court There are two different kind of courts:  The court of first instance – the court, where a case is first heard  The appellate court – the higher court, where to it is possible to appeal a case for 
reconsideration of the decision of the original court o Appeal to the higher court to reconsideration  1. Country, administer, 
2. Circuit court (ringkonna kohus), 
3. Supreme court (riigikohus) THERE IS NO COURT ABOVE IT – THE HIGHEST European court of justice – deals with the matters, where it is about the EU law  Classifying courts according to their functions  The courts of civil jurisdiction o Civil actions take place between two or more individuals in dispute, it is a  responsibility of the civil court to adjudicate, to give judgement FAIRLY o Provide remedy for the wronged party
o To solve the disputes between individuals or companies
o Only single judge NO JURY
o Possibility to appeal
o Both parties have to prepare for the case
o Penalty – usually the wronged party needs to pay damages
o Liable or not liable – we won’t talk about guilt
o Structure – 5 parts (law of property, family property etc)


 The courts of criminal jurisdiction  o Criminal actions take place between the state and a individual, it is the aim of a  criminal court to determine whether the accused person has committed a crime and 
punish the wrongdoer o It is important to ensure the safety of the society and that only the guilty are punished
o Guilty or not guilty Terms 33-3 1. Remedy (korvamine) - a legal reparation a. Legal remedy - a way of using the legal system to make sure that someone's  rights are not taken away from them; courts are asked to provide it 2. Wronged party (kannatanud pool) - someone, who has been treated unfairly or in an  unaccepted way 3. Wrongdoer - a person who does something bad or illegal a. Criminal, offender, tort feasor, perpetrator 4. Wrongful conviction (valesüüdistus) - the fact of officially being found to be guilty of a  particular crime, proves erroneus 5. To prove - to show that something is true
6. Own the balance of probabilities - In a civil trial, one party's case is more probable than the other 7. Fair hearing - A judicial proceeding that is conducted in such a manner as to conform to  fundamental concepts of justice and equality a. The judge has to be impartial, unbiest 8. Domestic violence (koduvägivald) - violent treatment of family members a. Battery, domestic unbiased 9. Shoplifting (varastamine) - the action of stealing goods from a shop while pretending to  be a customer


10. Aggrieved party (kannatanud pool) – a person, who has suffered harm such as injury,  financial loss, or damage to property 11. Final decision (viimane otsus) - a judgment disposing of the case before the court; after  the judgment (or an appeal from it) is rendered all that remains is to enforce the judgment a. The decision of Estonian Supreme Court is final decision 12. Appointment (ametisse nimetamine) - an act of assigning a job or position to someone
13. Conflict of interest (huvide konflikt) - a situation in which the concerns or aims of two  different parties are incompatible (kokkusobimatu) 14. Collection of evidence (kogutud tõendid) - compilation of proof, confirmation a. Admissible evidence 15. To drop charges (süüdistust tagasi võtma) - no longer officially accuse someone of a  crime 16. Overburdened criminal system (ülekoormatud kriminaalsüsteem) - criminal justice  system with excessive unsolved caseloads Criminal law  Criminal offences o Summary offences – väärtegu   Tried without a jury  Minor crimes  Magistrates court o Indictable offences  Serious crimes (murder)  Crown court  About criminal code, penal code  State against individual   When in arrest, you can ask for a bail   PUBLIC LAW   Set crimes have set punishments   Criminal proceedings o Adversarial justice (cross-examination)
o Burden of proof is on the prosecution (beyond reasonable doubt, because of the  punishments)  o Disclosure of material (alibis, witnesses)
o Speeches 
o Prosecutor brings charges to court Criminal court - a court that has jurisdiction to try and punish offenders against criminal law - guilty beyond reasonable doubt - to punish the wrongdoer and avoid wrongful conviction


- fair hearing - only admissible evidence - State vs defendant - Sabina – need of giving information - three types of criminal offences:  o summary  less serious offences  e.g. minor motoring offences  in the magistrate courts  without a jury  three lay magistrate or a stipendiary magistrate  the magistrate reaches a verdict  can be appealed  defendant is sent a summon (kohtukutse)  o indictable  most serious offences  e.g. murder, manslaughter, rape, arson (süütamine)  begins in the magistrate court  prima facie - based on the first impression; accepted as correct until 
proved otherwise.  If a prima facie case is established, a full trial will take place in the 
Crown Court  A judge and a jury of twelve ordinary people  The magistrate reaches a verdict  Can be appealed o Triable  Serious or less serious crimes  E.g. burglary, theft  In the magistrate or in the Crown court Prosecution - criminal offence -> - sb brings a prosecution o even if this person has no particular interest in this case - prosecutions can be brought by the police o collect evidence
o they make a decision to go on with a case or not
o gives evidences to prosecutor


- a prosecutor needs to be sure if there are enough evidences - the investigation of crime and its prosecution are separate - the decision to prosecute - being heard in court Civil court - no jury - jurisdiction is limited by the type of the case - action takes place between two parties – plaintiff and defendant - on the balance of probabilities - provide remedy for wronged party - no criminal action Terms 33-34 1. discretion - (kaalutlusõigus) the freedom to decide what should be done in a particular  situation (the right of discretion) 2. to administer an informal caution to sb - an oral warning given by a police officer and does not count towards a criminal record. 3. the decision rests with a court – after explaining a case, it is time for the judge or jury  to decide and to reach a verdict 4. The power is vested in sb (võim kuulub kellegile) – sb has the ability to influence or  control what people do or think 5. Lack of uniformity – a group of people do not agree on sth
6. Proximate or harmonize laws – to make different rules suitable for each other
7. To issue of formal warning - 
8. Motoring offence - (sõiduki juhtimisest põhjustatud kuritegu) a committed crime which  concerns driving 9. Excess of jurisdiction - (jurisdiktsiooni ületamine) court's acting beyond the limits of its power 10. To conduct a preliminary inquiry (juurdlus) - (eeluurimise korraldamine) to enforce  an initial questioning that occurs at the demand of an accused wherein a judge screens 
the proposed criminal charge against the available evidence; procedure before the trial 11. To discharge the case - type of sentence imposed by a court whereby no punishment is  imposed 12. To pass a sentence – (karistust määrama) to officially say in a court of law what a  criminal’s punishment will be Syn: Serve/pronounce a sentence 13. Summary offence - (väärtegu) a crime in some common law jurisdictions that can be  proceeded against without discussion or a legal process, without the right to a jury trial 
and/or indictment


14. Indictable offence - (kuritegu) an offence which the government can opt to cause trial  by a more formal process than by summary process 15. Triable either way - (hagetav mõlemat moodi) a crime that may be tried either as an  indictable offence or a summary offence 16. To insist on trial by a jury - (nõudma kohtuprotsessi vandekohtu osalusega) to demand  a hearing in a court, where a group of people who have been chosen to listen to all the 
facts has a jurisdiction; only criminal cases have a jury 17. Summons - court order, which commands you to come to a court as one of a parties
18. Subpoena – court order, which commands you to come to a court as a witness Classification of offences CRIMINAL OFFENCES – the offender damages the victim’s legal rights. Legal rights are 
fundamental values such as life, health, and freedom, but also material values and intellectual
property
. 1. Felony - kuritegu a. The most serious
b. It may be property and person crimes
c. E.g. murder, rape, kidnapping, armed robbery and grand theft, arson (süütamine),  manslaughter (tapmine), tax evasion (maksudest kõrvalehoidmine), treason 
(riigireetmine) d. The degree of felonies: i. First-degree felonies – arson, rape, murder, kidnapping, treason ii. Second-degree felonies – arson, manslaughter, drug manufacturing or  distribution, child pornography, child molestation (lapse kuritarvitamine) iii. Third- and fourth-degree felonies – pornography, involuntary  manslaughter, burglary (murdvargus), larceny (vargus), assault and battery
(kallaletung koos vägivallaga) e. Incarceration (vangistus) 2. Misdemeanor - süütegu a. Less serious than felonies
b. E.g. aggravated assault (beating sb with a baseball bat); simple battery (slapping  sb in the face) c. Incarceration (vangistus) – maximum sentence is 12 months
d. Can cause felony 3. Infraction a. Less serious than misdemeanor
b. No incarceration, punished by fines – can be paid without going to court
c. E.g. exceeding a speed limit, operating a business without proper license, 
d. Can cause felony or misdemeanor 


1. Summary (or simple) offences
2. Minor indictable offences
3. Major indictable offences In Estonia: - criminal offences o the first and the second degree - misdemeanor  7. nov – case brief Terms 33-34: 1. Employer - a person, company, or organization that pays people to work for them:
2. Employee - someone who is paid to work for someone else
3. Welfare system - (heaolusüsteem) a system that allows the government of a country to  provide social services such as healthcare, unemployment benefit, etc. to people who 
need them, paid for by taxes 4. Unjustified dismissal - (vallandamine) the situation in which an employer wrongfully  makes someone leave their job permanently 5. Benefit - (kasu) a helpful or good effect, or something intended to help
6. Expert assessors - (eksperthindajad) people who are professionally qualified with  knowledge in a subject, especially a group of experts asked to advise a court of law on 
that subject 7. Court panel (kohtukoosseis) - (kohtukoosseis) set of judges who sit together to hear a  cause of action 8. Judicial review – aim of this is reconsidering
9. To exceed statutory powers – to do more than allowed
10. A legal aid - (õigusabi) a system of providing free advice about the law and practical  help with legal matters for people who are too poor to pay for it 11. Commercial dispute - (kaubandusvaidlus) any material conflict or claim in any respect  arising out of or in connection with an account or any other transaction related thereto, 
which dispute relates to an account 12. Supplier of goods - (hüvede pakkuja) person, company, or organization that sells or  supplies something such as 13. Third party – (kolmas pool) a person who is not a party to a contract or a transaction,  but has an involvement 14. Natural justice - (tavaõigus) principles, procedures, or treatment felt instinctively to be  morally right and fair 15. Award – (otsus) a decision after consideration; a judicial sentence; the decision of  arbitrators on a matter submitted to them 16. Trade association - (ametiühing) an association of people or companies in a business or  trade, organized to promote their common interests


17. Deposit - (tagatisraha) a sum payable as a first instalment on the purchase of something  or as a pledge for a contract, the balance being payable later 18. Access to justice - (õiguskaitse kättesaadavus) formal ability to appear in court; a right to seek and obtain legal aid 19. Disputing parties - people, business entities, organisations, or states involved in a  disagreement 20. Law enforcement – system by which some members of society act in an organized  manner to enforce the law by discovering, deterring, rehabilitating, or punishing people 
who violate the rules and norms governing that society. 21. Negotiation - the process of discussing something with someone in order to reach an  agreement with them, or the discussions themselves 22. Commercial transactions – (äritehing) an occasion when someone buys or sells  something related to business 23. Reinstate – 24. Dismiss – fire sb
25. Labor law/employer law
26. To waive sth 
– to give up sth (loobuma õigusest)
27. Remuneration - töötasu
28. Salary – teenistuja töötasu
29. Wage – 
30. Reinstate – 
tööle ennistaga, tagasi võtma
31. Forensic expert – kohtuekspert
32. Solve or settle the dispute Tribunal - Taking place in informal court; outside the court system - Work permanently - Two main forms of extra-court adjudication o Tribunal
o Arbitration - Over 50 different types of tribunals - Limited jurisdiction - Regulates relationships between social groups such as employers and employees or 
between the state and the citizens - Faster and cheaper than courts - Employee may claim e.g. ehat the dismissal was not legal - Lower than the courts – inferior to the courts - Specialist courts 


Arbitration: - Is a private means of adjudication - Arbitrator - it is important to find a person, who is going to make decision; they have 
registers for that - Arranged and agreed between two parties involved - Used in many different situations o From the resolution of complex commercial disputes to minor disagreements  between suppliers of goods - The arbitrator is most likely to be someone with expertise in the area - The arbitrator is bound to apply the law accurately, but may within the boundaries of 
natural justice, adopt whatever procedures he likes - The judgement of an arbitrator is known as an award - Fast, low costs, flexible, informal - Poor quality service Pg 37, 38, 39, 40 Columns about civil law and its procedure Pg 57-61 Rule of law - õigusriik
Vasakule Paremale
Õigus-teemalised Inglise keelsed õigusterminid #1 Õigus-teemalised Inglise keelsed õigusterminid #2 Õigus-teemalised Inglise keelsed õigusterminid #3 Õigus-teemalised Inglise keelsed õigusterminid #4 Õigus-teemalised Inglise keelsed õigusterminid #5 Õigus-teemalised Inglise keelsed õigusterminid #6 Õigus-teemalised Inglise keelsed õigusterminid #7 Õigus-teemalised Inglise keelsed õigusterminid #8 Õigus-teemalised Inglise keelsed õigusterminid #9 Õigus-teemalised Inglise keelsed õigusterminid #10 Õigus-teemalised Inglise keelsed õigusterminid #11 Õigus-teemalised Inglise keelsed õigusterminid #12 Õigus-teemalised Inglise keelsed õigusterminid #13
Punktid 50 punkti Autor soovib selle materjali allalaadimise eest saada 50 punkti.
Leheküljed ~ 13 lehte Lehekülgede arv dokumendis
Aeg2021-04-22 Kuupäev, millal dokument üles laeti
Allalaadimisi 7 laadimist Kokku alla laetud
Kommentaarid 0 arvamust Teiste kasutajate poolt lisatud kommentaarid
Autor Kalli Kolberg Õppematerjali autor
Siin vailis on seletatud lahti õigust puudutavad inglise keelsed mõisted ning õigussüsteemid.

Sarnased õppematerjalid

prelim year 1
32
docx

prelim year 1

property, rather than crime Public law – the area of law that deals with the relationship between the government and other organizations or between the government and the public Private law – the area of law that deals with disagreements between people or companies Family law – an area of the law that deals with matrimonial matters and domestic relations Plaintiff – someone who makes a legal complaint against someone else in court On the balance of probabilities – a dispute is decided in favour of the party whose claims are more likely to be true Evidence – proof To prove – to show that something is true Procedure – a series of steps followed in a definite order Dispute – disagreement Citizen – a member of a state One way of classifying law is to divide it into public and private law. Civil law is part of the private law and concerns disputes between citizens. It is made up of

Kategoriseerimata
Sissejuhatus erialasesse õiguskeelde-inglise keel
12
docx

Sissejuhatus erialasesse õiguskeelde (inglise keel)

abuse, divorce, adoption) unjust enrichment (alusetu rikastumine) - when a person unfairly gets a benefit by chance, mistake or another's misfortune legal remedies (õiguskaitsevahendid) - the way a right is enforced by a court of law when wrongful act is imposed upon another individual procedure (menetlus) - the official and proper way of doing things in a legal case in certain way or order victim (ohver) - a person who has been attacked, injured, robbed, or killed by someone else. beyond reasonable doubt (väljaspool mõistlikku kahtlust) - the standard that must be met by the prosecution's evidence in a criminal prosecution: that no other logical explanation can be derived on the blanace of probabilities (tõenäosuse tasakaalul põhinev) - the standard of proof in civil cases, demanding that the case that is the more probable should succeed (51%) suspect (kahtlusalune) - a person believed to have committed a crime

Erialane õiguskeel
Sissejuhatus inglise õiguskeelde
35
docx

Sissejuhatus inglise õiguskeelde

To file a claim with sb ­ (kellegagi hagi esitama); nõuet esitama To bring an action ­ hagi alustama To find sb guilty ­ süüdi mõistma Not guilty (innocent) - süütu Verdict ­ otsus, mille teeb vandekohus Judgment ­ kohtuniku otsus Prison ­ vangla ­(taval kauem) Jail ­ vangla (taval pool-aasta aega) Serve a sentence ­ karistust kandma Offence (crime); felony;­ süütegu, kuritegu 3 Misdemenour ­ väärtegu, tavaliselt väike (nt trahviga karistatav) Public law ­ avalik õigus Private law ­ eraõigus Civil law ­ eraõigus Implementation ­ kohaldamine, rakendamine To administer justice ­ õigust mõistma Public opinion ­ avalik arvamus Majority - enasmus Fair trial ­ õiglane kohtupidamine Define sb guilty of sth ­ süüdi millestki Mercy-killing - eutanaasia Abuse ­ kuritarvitamine Balance and Separation of powers ­ võimude tasakaal ja lahusus Judicial power ­ kohtu võim Legislative power ­ seadusandlik võim Executive power ­ täideviiv võim

Inglise õiguskeel 1
Essential Vocabulary töö
8
docx

Essential Vocabulary töö

6. ohver victim 7. süüdistatav, kaitsealune (krim.) accused, defendant 8. väljaspool mõistlikku kahtlust beyond / without reasonable doubt 9. süüd tõestama prove guilt 10. süüs kahtlema doubt guilt 11. kahtlusalune suspect 12. süütuse presumptsiooni printsiip principle of presumption of innocence 13. õigus vaikida right to remain silent 14. rahatrahvi määrama impose a fine 15. vangi mõistma sentence to imprisonment 16. vabadusest ilma jätma deprive of freedom 17. üldkasulik töö community service 18. heidutama kuritegusid toime panemast, heidutus deter from committing crimes 19. leidma kuriteos süüdi olevat find guilty of a crime 20

Inglise keel
Inglise õiguskeel
16
docx

Inglise õiguskeel

justice 16. kohtuistungit kinniseks kuulutama – declare the session to be held in camera 17. riigi- või ärisaladust hoidma – maintain a state or business secret 18. alaealise huvides – in the interest of a minor 19. hagi täielikult või osalislt rahuldamata jätma – dismissal of an action wholly or partially 20. kohtukulusid jagama – divide the legal costs 21. edasikaebamise tähtaja lõppemine – expiry of a term of appeal 22. kohtuotsust täide saatma – execution of court decision 23. kohtutäitur - bailiff Explain in English: 1. pre-trial proceedings – proceedings which are conducted for preparing to hear a matter 2. preliminary hearing - court hearing which is held within 2 months after filing of the statement of claim 3. default judgement – court decision which is made without the defendant being present 4. testimony of a witness – statements made by the witness

Inglise keel
Public International Law is a system of law
47
docx

Public International Law is a system of law

So countries decide themselves. But different decisions from usual ones with Soviet Union, agreed that Russian Federation was to take all debts and all property, the idea was balance between them, but no-one knows if there was more property or debts. Lecture 7 HOMEWORK: erga omnes, how it is related to PIL, which principles are ergo omnes. Rights or obligations that are owed toward all (erga omnes right ­ statutory right) In PIL, used as a legal term to describe obligations owed by states towards the community of states as a whole. An erga omnes obligation exists because of the universal and undeniable interest in the perpetuation of critical rights (and the prevention of their breach). Concept recognized in ICJ Belgium v Spain: "In view of the importance of the rights involved, all States can be held to have a legal interest in their protection; they are obligations erga omnes." Concerns jus cogens norms.

Inglise keel
Comparative law
3
odt

Comparative law

1.Common law A common law legal system is a system of law characterized by case law which is law developed by judges through decisions of courts and similar tribunals a common law system is based on legal precedents. The roots of the common law legal systems can be traced back to the first common law system created in England during the Middle Ages. Today, most countries that once had ties to England, including the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Hong Kong, to name a few, operate under common law. Aside from Great Britain, the majority of the countries in Europe operate under a version of civil law modeled after the Roman legal system created centuries ago In a common law system, the law is created by precedents set after judges decide actual cases. When a judge hears a case that has a new issue in it, the judge makes a decision regarding the issue in the case. That decision then becomes a precedent that must be followed by other courts with equal standing within the legal s

Inglise keel
Syria-Helimun-
8
doc

Syria (Helimun)

Exports Imports 1975 .930 1.685 1980 2.108 4.124 1985 1.637 3.967 1990 4.212 2.400 1995 3.563 4.709 1998 2.890 3.895 7. Form of government, democracy and realization of human rights in your country Government The Syrian constitution vests the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party with leadership functions in the state and society and provides broad powers to the president. The president, approved by referendum for a 7-year term, is also Secretary General of the Ba'ath Party and leader of the National Progressive Front, which is a coalition of 10 political parties authorized by the regime. The president has the right to appoint ministers, to declare war and states of emergency, to issue laws (which, except in the case of emergency, require ratification by the People's Council), to declare amnesty, to amend the constitution, and to appoint civil servants and military personnel

Inglise keel




Meedia

Kommentaarid (0)

Kommentaarid sellele materjalile puuduvad. Ole esimene ja kommenteeri



Sellel veebilehel kasutatakse küpsiseid. Kasutamist jätkates nõustute küpsiste ja veebilehe üldtingimustega Nõustun