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Prosecutor, judge, sworn advocate, notary
NOTARY JUDGE PROSECUTOR SWORN
ADVOCATE/
ATTORNEY-AT-
LAW
WHAT DO THEY A notary public of the A judge presides over The prosecutor has Attorney at law or
DO? common law is a a courtroom, hearing three main tasks: attorney-at-law,
public officer evidence, making usually abbreviated in
constituted by law to decisions on motions. to investigate everyday speech to
serve the public in The judge is crimes, attorney, is the
non-contentious responsible for to decide whether preferred term for a
matters usually assuring the law is or not to instigate practising lawyer in
concerned with followed and carried (põhjustama, certain jurisdictions
estates, deeds, powers- out in every case. kaasa tooma) legal
of-attorney, and Judges also read proceedings
foreign and through court to appear in court
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2021-04-22
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Kalli Kolberg
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property, rather than crime Public law – the area of law that deals with the relationship between the government and other organizations or between the government and the public Private law – the area of law that deals with disagreements between people or companies Family law – an area of the law that deals with matrimonial matters and domestic relations Plaintiff – someone who makes a legal complaint against someone else in court On the balance of probabilities – a dispute is decided in favour of the party whose claims are more likely to be true Evidence – proof To prove – to show that something is true Procedure – a series of steps followed in a definite order Dispute – disagreement Citizen – a member of a state One way of classifying law is to divide it into public and private law. Civil law is part of the private law and concerns disputes between citizens. It is made up of
abuse, divorce, adoption) unjust enrichment (alusetu rikastumine) - when a person unfairly gets a benefit by chance, mistake or another's misfortune legal remedies (õiguskaitsevahendid) - the way a right is enforced by a court of law when wrongful act is imposed upon another individual procedure (menetlus) - the official and proper way of doing things in a legal case in certain way or order victim (ohver) - a person who has been attacked, injured, robbed, or killed by someone else. beyond reasonable doubt (väljaspool mõistlikku kahtlust) - the standard that must be met by the prosecution's evidence in a criminal prosecution: that no other logical explanation can be derived on the blanace of probabilities (tõenäosuse tasakaalul põhinev) - the standard of proof in civil cases, demanding that the case that is the more probable should succeed (51%) suspect (kahtlusalune) - a person believed to have committed a crime
To file a claim with sb (kellegagi hagi esitama); nõuet esitama To bring an action hagi alustama To find sb guilty süüdi mõistma Not guilty (innocent) - süütu Verdict otsus, mille teeb vandekohus Judgment kohtuniku otsus Prison vangla (taval kauem) Jail vangla (taval pool-aasta aega) Serve a sentence karistust kandma Offence (crime); felony; süütegu, kuritegu 3 Misdemenour väärtegu, tavaliselt väike (nt trahviga karistatav) Public law avalik õigus Private law eraõigus Civil law eraõigus Implementation kohaldamine, rakendamine To administer justice õigust mõistma Public opinion avalik arvamus Majority - enasmus Fair trial õiglane kohtupidamine Define sb guilty of sth süüdi millestki Mercy-killing - eutanaasia Abuse kuritarvitamine Balance and Separation of powers võimude tasakaal ja lahusus Judicial power kohtu võim Legislative power seadusandlik võim Executive power täideviiv võim
6. ohver victim 7. süüdistatav, kaitsealune (krim.) accused, defendant 8. väljaspool mõistlikku kahtlust beyond / without reasonable doubt 9. süüd tõestama prove guilt 10. süüs kahtlema doubt guilt 11. kahtlusalune suspect 12. süütuse presumptsiooni printsiip principle of presumption of innocence 13. õigus vaikida right to remain silent 14. rahatrahvi määrama impose a fine 15. vangi mõistma sentence to imprisonment 16. vabadusest ilma jätma deprive of freedom 17. üldkasulik töö community service 18. heidutama kuritegusid toime panemast, heidutus deter from committing crimes 19. leidma kuriteos süüdi olevat find guilty of a crime 20
justice 16. kohtuistungit kinniseks kuulutama – declare the session to be held in camera 17. riigi- või ärisaladust hoidma – maintain a state or business secret 18. alaealise huvides – in the interest of a minor 19. hagi täielikult või osalislt rahuldamata jätma – dismissal of an action wholly or partially 20. kohtukulusid jagama – divide the legal costs 21. edasikaebamise tähtaja lõppemine – expiry of a term of appeal 22. kohtuotsust täide saatma – execution of court decision 23. kohtutäitur - bailiff Explain in English: 1. pre-trial proceedings – proceedings which are conducted for preparing to hear a matter 2. preliminary hearing - court hearing which is held within 2 months after filing of the statement of claim 3. default judgement – court decision which is made without the defendant being present 4. testimony of a witness – statements made by the witness
So countries decide themselves. But different decisions from usual ones with Soviet Union, agreed that Russian Federation was to take all debts and all property, the idea was balance between them, but no-one knows if there was more property or debts. Lecture 7 HOMEWORK: erga omnes, how it is related to PIL, which principles are ergo omnes. Rights or obligations that are owed toward all (erga omnes right statutory right) In PIL, used as a legal term to describe obligations owed by states towards the community of states as a whole. An erga omnes obligation exists because of the universal and undeniable interest in the perpetuation of critical rights (and the prevention of their breach). Concept recognized in ICJ Belgium v Spain: "In view of the importance of the rights involved, all States can be held to have a legal interest in their protection; they are obligations erga omnes." Concerns jus cogens norms.
1.Common law A common law legal system is a system of law characterized by case law which is law developed by judges through decisions of courts and similar tribunals a common law system is based on legal precedents. The roots of the common law legal systems can be traced back to the first common law system created in England during the Middle Ages. Today, most countries that once had ties to England, including the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Hong Kong, to name a few, operate under common law. Aside from Great Britain, the majority of the countries in Europe operate under a version of civil law modeled after the Roman legal system created centuries ago In a common law system, the law is created by precedents set after judges decide actual cases. When a judge hears a case that has a new issue in it, the judge makes a decision regarding the issue in the case. That decision then becomes a precedent that must be followed by other courts with equal standing within the legal s
Exports Imports 1975 .930 1.685 1980 2.108 4.124 1985 1.637 3.967 1990 4.212 2.400 1995 3.563 4.709 1998 2.890 3.895 7. Form of government, democracy and realization of human rights in your country Government The Syrian constitution vests the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party with leadership functions in the state and society and provides broad powers to the president. The president, approved by referendum for a 7-year term, is also Secretary General of the Ba'ath Party and leader of the National Progressive Front, which is a coalition of 10 political parties authorized by the regime. The president has the right to appoint ministers, to declare war and states of emergency, to issue laws (which, except in the case of emergency, require ratification by the People's Council), to declare amnesty, to amend the constitution, and to appoint civil servants and military personnel
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