Essential Vocabulary töö (0)
1. reegleid järgima
observe rules
2. reegleid rikkuma
break rules
3. vägivaldselt käituma (kellegi suhtes)
act violently towards
4. vastuvõetava käitumise reegleid kehtestama establish acceptable rules of
behaviour
5. õigusi kaitsma
protect rights
6. õigusi maksma panema
assert rights
7. õigusi piirama
restrict rights
8. kohustusi peale panema
impose duties on
9. seadust järgima
obey law, observe law
10. seaduskuulekad inimesed
law-abiding people
11. seadust jõustama
enforce law
12. alaealised
minors
13. õiguskaitseorganid
law enforcement agencies
14. süütegusid uurima
investigate offences
15. karistust määrama
impose punishment on
16. kuritegu sooritama
commit crime
17. seaduse mittetundmine
ignorance of law
18. süüd välistav asjaolu
defence, preclusion of guilt
19. üldriiklikud seadused
national laws
20. kohalikud seadused
local laws, by-laws
21. asutuse põhikiri
statute
22. ajutine ametist/spordist kõrvaldamine (n,v) suspension, suspend
23. väljaheitmine (n,v)
expulsion, expel
24. kahjustatud isik
injured person
25. tsiviilhagi kellegi vastu algatama
start (a) civil action against
26. vigastuse/kahju eest kompensatsiooni nõudma claim damages for
damage caused
27. süüdistuse/karistuse ees seisma
face prosecution
28. kriminaalasja algatama vägivallakuriteo tõttu start criminal action against
for a crime of violance
29. ühiskonnavastaseks käitumiseks pidama
consider
anti-social
behaviour
30. oht ühiskonna heaolule ja korrale
danger to the well-being and
order of society
31. leidma süüdi olevat (milleski)
find guilty of (a crime)
32. riigivastane süütegu
offence against the state
33. rahatrahv
fine
34. vangistus
imprisonment
35. juriidilised kohustused
legal obligations
36. vaidlusi lahendama (kohtus)
settle disputes in a court of law
37. kinnisvara võõrandama
transfer real estate
38. testamenti tegema
make a will
39. äriühingut asutama
set up/ establish/ found/ form/ start a
company
40. riskeerima tehingute tegemisega
risk making transactions
41. õigusnõustamist taotlema
seek legal advice
42. tavalised inimesed
ordinary people
43. juriidilisi vahendeid kasutama
use legal means
44. tarbekaubad
commodities
45. põgenikud, pagulased
refugees
46. kollisiooniõigus
conflict of laws
47. in order to
selleks et
48. as to
mis puutub
49. due to
põhjusel, tõttu
50. whereas
kusjuures
51. despite
hoolimata, vaatamata
52. however
kuid (but)
1. legal obligations - the obligations imposed by law, prescribed by law
2. refugees - persons who have been forced to leave their country
3. escape justice - to avoid administration of justice
4. face prosecution - being accused of committing an illegal act
5. anti-social behaviour - behaviour harmful to society
1. avalikku korda säilitama
maintain public order
2. kodanikeõigusi kaitsma
protect civil rights, protect citizens'
rights /liberties
3. rassilist vaenu õhutama
incite racial hatred
4. võimu teostama
exercise power / exercise rights -
õigusi teostama
5. võimu säilitama
retain power
6. omandiõigust kaitsma
protect ownership (rights)
7. võrdseid võimalusi soodustama
promote equal opportunities
8. konkurentsi soodustama
promote competition
9. õiglust maksma panema
implement justice
10. suurenev kuritegevuse tase
rising crime rate
11. võimude lahusus
separation of powers
12. õigusriik
state based on the rule of law
13. seadusandlik võim
legislative power
14. täidesaatev võim
executive power
15. kohtuvõim
judicial power
16. seadusandlik kogu, organ
legislature, legislative body
17. kohtunikkond, kohtuharu
judiciary
18. kohtus õigust mõistma
administer justice in courts
19. õigusallikad
sources of law
20. parlamendiseadused
acts of Parliament
21. seadusega kooskõlas
in accordance / compliance with
law
22. põhiseadusliku järelevalve kohus
court of constitutional review
23. kehtetuks tunnistama
declare invalid / void
24. seadusi vastu võtma
pass / adopt laws
25. seadusi muutma, seaduse muutmine (n)
amend laws, amendment
26. seadusi tühistama
abolish, repeal laws
27. seaduseelnõu
draft act / law, Bill (eng)
28. seadust välja kuulutama
proclaim laws / legal acts
29. põhiseaduse vastaseks kuulutama
decalre unconstitutional
30. jõustuma
enter into force
31. in fact
tegelikult
32. exclusively
eranditult,
üksnes,
muud
välistavalt
33. on the one hand … on the other hand ühest küljest ... teisest küljest
34. thus
seega, niisiis
35. substantial
oluline, tugev
36. nevertheless
sellegipoolest
37. though
kuigi, ehkki
38. to some extent
teatud määral
39. either….or
kas .. või
1. administer justice - judges
administer justice in independent courts
2. separation of powers - legislative, judicial and executive power must be
separated and exercised by different state agencies
3. legislative power - the branch of government having the power to pass
laws
4. legislature -
legislative body, parliament, people who have power to
make laws for a state
5. legislation -
laws relating to a particular activity that are made by a
government
6. legislators -
elected group of people who have the power to pass, adopt
laws
7. judicial power - the authority vested in courts and judges
8. judiciary - judges collectively, all judges
9. executive power - the power to execute and enforce laws
1. tsiviil-, kriminaalmenetlus
civil,
criminal
procedure,
proceedings
2. kohtumenetlus (toimingud kohtus)
court proceedings
3. oma seaduslikke õigusi jõustama
enforce legal rights
4. kriminaalasja/süüdistust algatama/esitama start criminal action against,
bring criminal charges against
5. süüdistaja
prosecutor, prosecution
6. ohver
victim
7. süüdistatav, kaitsealune (krim.)
accused, defendant
8. väljaspool mõistlikku kahtlust
beyond / without reasonable doubt
9. süüd tõestama
prove guilt
10. süüs kahtlema
doubt guilt
11. kahtlusalune
suspect
12. süütuse presumptsiooni printsiip
principle of presumption of
innocence
13. õigus vaikida
right to remain silent
14. rahatrahvi määrama
impose a fine
15. vangi mõistma
sentence to imprisonment
16. vabadusest ilma jätma
deprive of freedom
17. üldkasulik töö
community service
18. heidutama kuritegusid toime panemast, heidutus deter from committing
crimes
19. leidma kuriteos süüdi olevat
find guilty of a crime
20. tsiviilvastutust vältima
avoid civil liability
21. tsiviilõigusrikkumine
civil wrong
22. kahju kannatama
suffer damage
23. hageja
plaintiff, claimant
24. kostja
defendant
25. kohtuväliselt lahendama
settle out of court
26. tõendamiskohustus lasub
the burden of proof lies on
27. vastutama tõenäosuse alusel
be liable on the basis / balance of
probability
28. kahjutasu määrama
award damages
29. kahjutasu nõudma
claim damages
30. kahju tekitama
cause damage
31. õiguskaitsevahend
legal remedies
32. kohtulikku keeldu/määrust välja andma (Eng) award an injunction
33. lepingu täitmisele kohustama (Eng)
award specific performance
34. kohtu korraldusele mitte alluma
disobey a court order
35. relevant
oluline, asjassepuutuv
36. anyway
niikuinii, kuidagiviisi
37. however
aga, kuid, siiski
38. in addition to
lisaks
39. originally
algselt
1. civil procedure - a procedure that provides the means by which individuals
may enforce their legal rights and get compensation for the harm caused
2. court proceedings - all proceedings authorized by law brought in a court
3. presumption of innocence - until proved guilty, the suspect is presumed
innocent
4. claimant - the party starting a civil action against defendant (ENG)
5. plaintiff - the party starting a civil action against defendant (EST, USA)
6. defendant -
a person sued or accused in a court of law
7. defence (counsel) - lawyers who represent persons facing criminal charges
8. prosecution - a criminal procedure is started in the name of the state by a
prosecution
9. tracking system of claims - determines which court should hear a case,
claims are divided into three groups (tracks) according to the value of the
claim.
10. burden of proof - the obligation of a party in a trial to produce the
evidence that will prove the claims they have made against the other party
11. legal remedy - the means with which a court imposes a penalty
12. damages -
monetary compensation that is awarded by a court in a civil
action to defendant
13. injunction - an order that forbids or requires the defendant to do
something
14. specific performance - an order to preform the contract
1. kahjustatud isik
injured person / aggrieved person
2. hagi kohtule esitama
file a (statement of) claim with a court
3. maksejõuetus
insolvency
4. hagi õigeks tunnistama
admit a claim
5. hagi vaidlustama
contest a claim
6. vastust hagile esitama
file a defence / an answer with a
court
7. tagaseljaotsus
default judgment
8. lihtmenetlus (Eng)
summary proceeding / procedure
9. lihtmenetluse otsus (Eng)
summary judgment
10. poolte kokkulepe
settlement of the parties
11. eelmenetlus
pre-trial proceedings / activities
12. eelistung
preliminary hearing
13. dokumentide avaldamine teisele poolele
disclosure (eng) / discovery
(US)
14. salajased dokumendid
privileged / confidential documents
15. tunnistajate ütlused
witness statements
16. kohtusse kutsuma
summon
17. kohtukutse
summons, subpoena
18. küsitlus kohtus
examination
19. ristküsitlus kohtus
cross-examination
20. asitõendid
real evidence, physical evidence
21. kaudsed tõendid
circumstantial evidence, indirect
evidence
22. lubatavad tõendid
admissible evidence
23. lubamatud tõendid
inadmissible evidence
24. võistlev menetlus
adversary / adversarial procedure
25. uuriv menetlus
inquisitorial/inquisitional procedure
26. kahjustavaid tõendeid ümber lükkama rebut damaging evidence
27. kohtuvaidlused
litigation
28. kohtukulud
court costs, costs of an action
29. riigi/tasuta õigusabi
legal aid
30. therefore
seetõttu, sellepärast
31. as well
samuti, ka
32. formerly
varem
33. in favour of
kasuks
34. at the discretion of
kellegi otsustusel
1. injured person - the person in a legal action who has suffered loss, damage
or injury
2. summary judgement - a court makes a decision based on the facts that
have been provided, without a trial
3. default judgement - judgment that is made without the defendant being
present
4. settlement of the parties - parties avoid going to trial by reaching
agreement any time before the trial
5. disclosure - before the trial, each party draws up a list of all the documents
they are going to use in the trial and serve it on the other party.
6. privileged documents - confidential documents
7. summons -
an official demand to appear in a law court
8. real evidence - material objects of physical nature used in court as
evidence
9. circumstantial evidence - indirect evidence inferred from the facts
10. inadmissible evidence - evidence that can't be presented to the jury for
different reasons: it was improperly obtained, it is hearsay, it is not relevant to
the case.
11. adversarial procedure - each party tries to convince the judge of their
arguments and evidence and attacts the opponents during cross-examination,
representatives from each party take opposing positions to debate and argue
their case
12. inquisitional procedure - the judge takes a active role in preparing
evidence, questioning witnesses and finding the truth.
13. litigation -
the process of taking legal action = court action
14. legal aid - payment by the state from public funds for those who cannot
afford the services of a lawyer
1. omama õigust kohtu poole pöörduda
right of recourse to a court
2. kohtu poole pöörduma
take recourse to a court
3. kohtus asju arutama, läbi vaatama
adjudicate / hear matters in
court, try cases
4. tsiviilhagi
civil action
5. menetlusosalised
participants in the proceedings
6. pooli esindama
represent parties
7. kohtukoosseis
court panel, panel of the court
8. kohtunikku taandama
challenge a judge
9. kohtus ütlusi andma
give statements to a court
10. tõendeid esitama
submit evidence
11. kohtuotsuse või määruse peale edasi kaebama appeal against judgment
or court ruling
12. seaduses sätestatud korras
pursuant to the procedure provided
by law
13. nõuet tagasi võtma
withdraw a claim
14. hagist loobuma
discontinue an action
15. vastuhagi esitama
file a counterclaim (against)
16. seadusega vastuolus olema
be inconsistent with law
17. hagita asju lahendama
resolve matters on petition
18. avaldaja (hagita asjas)
petitioner
19. keelduma hagi menetlusse võtmast
refuse to accept a statement of
claim
20. isiku surnuks tunnistamine
declaration of a person dead
21. piiratud teovõime laiendamine
extension of the restricted active
legal capacity
22. teovõime
active legal capacity
23. õigusvõime
passive legal capacity
24. volitatud isik
authorized person
25. kohtu pädevusse kuuluma
fall within / belong to the jurisdiction of
the court
26. riigilõiv
state fee
27. hagi rahuldama
satisfy a claim
28. tagaseljaotsus
default judgment
29. eelmenetlust läbi viima
conduct pre-trial proceedings
30. hageja nõuded
claims of the claimant / plaintiff
31. kostja vastuväited
defences / objections of the
defendant
32. tõendite kuuluvus ja lubatavus
relevance and admissibility of
evidence
33. eelistungit pidama
hold a preliminary hearing
34. tunnistaja tunnistus
testimony / statements of a witness
35. kohtukutset kätte toimetama/üle andma
serve / deliver a summons
1. participants in proceedings - the parties (the plaintiff and the defendant)
and sometimes also third persons
2. counterclaim - the defendant has the right to file a counterclaim against
the plaintiff
3. matters on petition - matters on petition include, for example, declaration
of a person dead, appointment of a guardian etc.
4. petitioner - participant in the proceedings in matters on petition
5. the right of recourse to a court - the injured person has a right of recourse
to a court if the parties cannot settle the matter by themselves.
6. court panel - a circuit court adjudicates civil matters by a panel of three
judges
7. the cause and object of a claim - the plaintiff has the right to amend the
cause or object of an action
8. active legal capacity - matters on petition include appointment of a
guardian for an adult with restricted active legal capacity. Active legal
capacity of a natural person is the capacity to enter independently into valid
transactions.
9. passive legal capacity - passive legal capacity of a natural person (human
being) is the capacity to have civil rights and perform civil obligations.
10. jurisdiction of a court - a court will refuse to accept a statement of claim
and will return it if the matter does not fall within the jurisdiction of the court
11. state fee -
a state fee is a sum of money which, pursuant to law, is
payable to the Republic of Estonia for the performance of a procedural act
12. pre-trial proceedings -the court thoroughly prepares the matter so that it
can be adjudicated without interruptions in one court session
13. preliminary hearing - the court may schedule a court session to be
organised in the form of a preliminary hearing in pre-trial proceedings
14. relevance and admissibility of evidence - in pre-trial proceedings the court
will ascertain the relevance and admissibility of the evidence
15. testimony of a witness -form of evidence that is obtained from a witness
1. asja sisuliselt arutama
adjudicate a matter on the merits
2. suuline ja vahetu arutamine
oral and direct adjudication
3. paikvaatlust läbi viima
conduct on-the-spot (visits of)
inspection
4. kohtukõneks sõna andma
give floor for summations/closing speech/
arguments
5. repliigiga vastama (argumente ümber lükkama) rebut evidence
6. õigusemõistmist takistama
hinder the administration of justice
7. kohtuistungit kinniseks kuulutama
declare a court session
closed
8. riigi- või ärisaladust hoidma
maintain a state or business secret
9. alaealise huvides
in the interests of a minor
10. praktikandid
trainees
11. eesistuja kohtunik
presiding judge
12. hagi täielikult või osalislt rahuldamata jätma dismiss a claim wholly or
partially
13. kohtukulusid jagama
divide legal costs
14. edasikaebamise tähtaja lõppemine
expiry of the term of appeal
15. kohtuotsuse jõustumine
entry into force of a court
judgment
16. kohtuotsuse täitmine
enforcement of court judgment
17. kohtutäitur
bailiff, enforcement agent/ officer
1. testimony of a witness - form of evidence that is obtained from a witness
2. adjudication of a matter on merits - in a court session a matter is
adjudicated on the merits
3. court session in camera - court cases where the public and press are not
allowed to observe the procedure
4. summations - the participants in the proceedings are given the floor for
summations where they make their closing arguments
5. a minor - a person under a certain age
6. bailiff - enforcement of court judgments in civil matters is performed by the
bailiffs
Inglise õiguskeel, esimene sõnade kontrolltöö
Sarnased õppematerjalid
16
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Inglise õiguskeel
Essential Vocabulary - I
The role of law in society
1. juriidilised kohustused – legal obligations
2. kannatanud pool, kahjukannataja – injured party
3. vaidlusi lahendama (kohtus) – to settle a dispute in a court of law
4. riskeerima tehingute tegemisega – to risk making transactions
5. õigusnõustamist otsima – to seek legal advice
6. tagama, et leping kehtiks – to ensure that the contract would be
valid
7. õiguslikke vahendeid kasutama – to use legal means
8. harjuma õiguslikke vahendeid kasutama – to get accustomed to
using legal means
9. omama teadmisi millestki – to have knowledge of smth
10. ette kirjutama, ettekirjutus, ettekirjutav – to prescribe,
prescription, prescriptional
11. karistust kandma – to serve punishment (ka to suffer a
penalty)
12. vägivaldselt käituma (kellegi suhtes) – to act violently towards
smb
13. ajutine ametist/spord
12
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Sissejuhatus erialasesse õiguskeelde (inglise keel)
distinguish (eristama) - to argue that the rule in one appeals court decision does not apply to particular case although there is an
appearant simalarity
cite (viitama) - to make reference to a decision in another case to make a legal point in argument
Procedual law (menetlusõigus) - the body of law that prescribes formal steps to be taken in enforcing legal rights.
Substantive law (materjaalneõigus) - the part of the law that creates, defines, and regulates rights; the essential substance of rights
under law.
decree (seadlus) - a decision or order of government or judicial body
eligible (valitav) - capable of being chosen
fair trial (õiglane kohtupidamine) - parites are treated equally by independent and biased judges
code (seadustik) - a collection of laws
libel matters (kirjalik laim) - in written text saying terrible things another person
slander matter (suuline laim) - to say terrible things about someone verbaly
32
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prelim year 1
a parliament
Solicitor – a lawyer who prepares cases and gives legal advice
Barrister – a lawyer who can represent people in court
Tort – an action that is wrong but can be dealt with in a civil court rather than a criminal court
Common law is a law system which developed in England and has been adopted by most of
the United States and other countries colonized by England.
Common law consists of rules created by the judicial decisions and statutes. Essential to
common law are the hierarchy of courts and the principle of binding precedent. This means,
that the decision made by a higher court is binding on a lower court – the decision must be
followed, and a rule set by that court must be applied in relevant cases. If a similar dispute has
been resolved in the past, the court is bound to follow the reasoning and reach the same
decision.
Sometimes governments make new laws which are called statutes to modify or clarify the
13
docx
"Õigus" teemalised Inglise keelsed õigusterminid
https://quizlet.com/388172484/inka-test-flash-cards/?
i=25w06u&x=1jqY&fbclid=IwAR1qQksMLyeDlPJwkOTW_Fq18r1xJUkZrlbt6nX49ZocC
_ojSaZoykYBJXk
Prosecutor, judge, sworn advocate, notary
NOTARY JUDGE PROSECUTOR SWORN
ADVOCATE/
ATTORNEY-AT-
LAW
WHAT DO THEY A notary public of the A judge presides over The prosecutor has Attorney at law or
DO? common law is a a courtroom, hearing three main tasks: attorney-at-law,
public officer evidence, making
Akadeemiline inglise keel
35
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Sissejuhatus inglise õiguskeelde
· Homereading we read a case from European Court of Justice thingy.
· Oral thing.
· 90% you have to attend
· Have to prepare for class and take part of it etc
What we learn:
Terms
Expressions / collocations (nt obey/abide by the law)
Explaining
AWOL absence without a leave
Legal English can be divided into 3 levels. We learn the first one, which is needed for the
other two! You have to know the vocabulary etc. Second level has to do with legal
contracts... The third level both 1 and 2 and explaining...
We learn the vocabulary + explaining.
Process of law-making draft law/bill (seaduseelnõu) is developed draft is sent
to the parliament readings(amendments made to the law
(seadusemuudatused)pass/ adopt the lawpass on to the presidentproclame
(väljakuulutama) or veto or sent to supreme court (riigikohus) (may declare it
11
docx
Õigusalase inglise keele sõnad/väljendid eesti keelse tõlkega (units 12-18)
duties)
253. place of performance of work töötegemise koht
254. the duration of holidays põhipuhkus (annual paid leave)
255. probationary period katseaeg
256. non-competition clause (convenant of non-competation) konkurentsi
piiramise kokkulepe
257. duty of confidentiality saladuse hoidmise kohustus
258. telework kaugtöö
259. temporary agency work vahendatud töö
260. transferring the money to a bank account kandma raha pangaarvele
261. paying in cash sularahas maksma
262. minimum wage töötasu alammäär
263. set-off wage tasaarvestus
264. compensation of expenses kulude hüvitamine
265. business trip töölähetus
266. overtime work ületunnitöö (hours worked more than normal working time)
267. night work öötöö
268. shift work vahetustega töö
269
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doc
Õigusalane inglise keel
neÄlle Töö 1. osa = tõlge EST ing.k.
Töö 2. osa = mõistete selgitamine = vt harjutused õpikust
Sõnad/tõlked
* U6
1. citizenship kodakondsus
2. state riik
3. lawful relationship- seaduslik suhe
4. determines mutual rights and obligations määrab vastastikused õigused ja
kohustused
5. questions of citizenship are first of all regulated by kodakondsuse küsimused on
eelkõige reguleeritud ... abil/kaudu/alusel
6
3
odt
Comparative law
1.Common law
A common law legal system is a system of law characterized by case law which is law developed by
judges through decisions of courts and similar tribunals a common law system is based on legal
precedents.
The roots of the common law legal systems can be traced back to the first common law system
created in England during the Middle Ages.
Today, most countries that once had ties to England, including the United States, Australia, New
Zealand, and Hong Kong, to name a few, operate under common law.
Aside from Great Britain, the majority of the countries in Europe operate under a version of civil
law modeled after the Roman legal system created centuries ago
In a common law system, the law is created by precedents set after judges decide actual cases.
When a judge hears a case that has a new issue in it, the judge makes a decision regarding the issue
in the case.
That decision then becomes a precedent that must be followed by other courts with equal standing
within the legal s
Meedia
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