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2016-05-30
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bellan00ra
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" Concerns jus cogens norms. Just as the jus cogens crimes, the crimes that give rise to erga omnes obligations are seen as affecting the international community as a whole, and consequently all states in the world have an obligation to take action against the perpetrators of such crimes. Examples: outlawing of acts of aggression, outlawing of genocide, protection from slavery, protection from torture, protection from racial discrimination. Responsibility three types of responsibility: international, civil and criminal. PIL has its own specific system of international responsibility. You don't have international police if your rights are violated and the jurisdiction of courts is not as strong. Courts have jurisdiction only if all parties of the conflict agree to it. Elements of state/international responsibility: Attribution of conduct to the state
on a moral and intellectual plane vastly above the female healer he was called to judge. It placed him on the side of God and Law, a professional on par with lawyers and theologians, while it placed her on the side of darkness, evil and magic. The Trials In many parts of Europe people accused of witchcraft were tortured until they 'confessed'. Obviously if you were tortured you would probably 'confess' to anything to stop the torture. However torture was not used in England and after 1594 it was not used in Holland, (which is probably one reason why there were fewer executions for witchcraft there). In England witches were hanged not burned. In the rest of Europe witches were usually burned but normally they were strangled first. Some people confessed without torture but that does not mean they were guilty. In recent years a number of people have falsely confessed to murder. Vulnerable people may confess to serious
law. Descriptive law – describes the way people or natural phenomena behave, e. g. law of gravity Prescriptive law – prescribe how people ought to behave e.g. speed limits In all societies relations between people are regulated by prescriptive law; customs (informal rules of social and moral behaviour); rules we accept if we belong to a particular institution (religion, organization); laws imposed on people by a government Penalties for breaking the rules are different. For not following the customs there may not be a punishment, or a person may be criticized by the society; rules of a social institution tend to carry precise penalties but they are not enforceable by any political authority; however governments use a system of courts backed by the power of the police to enforce the laws they have made. The relations between people are regulated by a combination of all these rules.
to a complete appropriation of them. It is widely documented that Cooper admitted his support for what the white settlers did in their westward expansionhe actually acknowledges in The Pioneers, the first of the Leatherstocking Tales to be written but the next to last in the sequence of events, that "the Europeans, or, to use a more significant term, the Christians, dispossessed the original owners of the soil" and justified it by saying that it was part of the noble mission of Christianity and therefore "part of a universal moral progress which it was the special destiny of American to manifest." However, it is equally undeniable that he appreciated some aspects of the native culture. On the one hand, Cooper saw acculturation as ultimately desirable and encouraged it in his fiction, but he revealed the distinct limits to its potential on the other, because he was
............91 Dense Pain-bodies......................................................................................93 Entertainment, the Media, and the Pain-Body...........................................94 The Collective Female Pain-body..............................................................95 National and Racial Pain-bodies................................................................97 Chapter Six Breaking Free - 99 Presence.....................................................................................................100 The Return of the Pain-Body.....................................................................102 The Pain-body in Children.........................................................................103 Unhappiness...............................................................................................105 Breaking Identification with the Pain-body.......................
nation (riik) - country with its own goverment citizen (kodanik) - person native of a country; realationship between country and a person stranger (välismaalne) - person who is unfamiliar, from another country penalty (karistus) - punishment fixed by law, as for a crime or from any soical groups goverment (valitsus) - organization which controlls a stre or community System of Courts (kohtusüsteem) - organization applying law in the name of states to commit a crime (kuritegu läbi viima) - breaking a law, usually given out by the goverment fine (trahv) - certain sum of money person pays for breaking a law corruption (korruptsioon) - dishonest or unethincal conduct by a person entrusted with a position of authority suspension (kõrvaldamine) - form of punisment that people recieve for violating rules and regulations Civil Action (tsiviilhagi) - lawsuit between two private parties prosecution (süüdistus) - the institution and carrying on of legal proceeding against a person
11.02.09 INGLISE KEEL Palju aega läheb. 10 nädalat aint. One of the ESP courses. What we are going to do, what is needed: · What we do - 1 test, on words. · 2 Essays, that means that we have to look into academic writing · Homereading we read a case from European Court of Justice thingy. · Oral thing. · 90% you have to attend · Have to prepare for class and take part of it etc What we learn: Terms Expressions / collocations (nt obey/abide by the law) Explaining AWOL absence without a leave Legal English can be divided into 3 levels. We learn the first one, which is needed for the other two! You have to know the vocabulary etc. Second level has to do with legal contracts... The third level both 1 and 2 and explaining... We learn the vocabulary + explaining. Process of law-making draft law/bill (seaduseelnõu) is developed draft is sent to the parliament readings(amendments made to the
Why do we need morality? As an English philosopher Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) said, all humans are made equal in mental and physical abilities. This does not mean that all of us are equally strong, smart or beautiful, but that everyone has the ability to damage or kill the other. The main goals, we all want to achieve, are having a shelter, security, power, wealth and enough food. This means that people are constantly competing with each other and that makes all of us (who desire the same things) enemies. Hobbes names the insecurity and fear people feel towards each other a "state of nature". In this state there are no moral rules or enforced laws, also no justice or injustice. People, being violent and arbitrary, will only follow their own interest. So without laws and boundaries, people would be in constant war - every man for himself. In this kind of society there is no time for cultural or industrial development. No one can enjoy life because of the consta
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