2003, 1991; Laumann et al., 2003). · Studies exploring the relationship between physiological stress and environment demonstrate, that being in forest lowers blood pressure and pulse, cortisol level, supresses the activity of sympathetic nervous system and stimulates parasympathetic nervous system (Lee et al., 2012; Park, Tsunetsugu, Kasetani, Kagawa, & Miyazaki, 2010; Tsunetsugu et al., 2013). Satisfaction with the neighborhood and perceived safety related to the perceived health · General dissatisfaction with the neighborhood is related to poorer self-reported health state; also if the personality variables are taken into account · Also the self-reported health state is related to the perceived self-estimated safety of the neighborhood, as well to the trust toward the neighbours · Similar results from different studies from different countries (Echeverria et al., 2008; Gary et al., 2007; Hill et al., 2005; Kim, 2008; Latkin & Curry,
Experiment 1 examined the acoustic characteristics of single words produced by both men and women who identified as either GLB or heterosexual. The largest differences between GLB and heterosexual women were in the F1 frequency of /e/ and the F2 frequency of /oR/. The largest differences between the groups of men were in the F1 frequency of /e/ and /a/, and the spectral skewness of the fricative /s/. Experiment 2 showed that listeners' judgments of perceived sexual orientation were related to the acoustic parameters found to differ in Experiment 1: Listeners showed greater sensitivity to differences in men's sexual orientation when listening to words containing low front vowels than when listening to words containing back vowels. Moreover, Regression analyses showed that judgments of men's sexual orientation were influenced by /s/ skewness, the F1 frequency of low front vowels, and the F2 frequency of back vowels
deadlines, respect for personal space and personal time. If you have someone's home and work telephone number, call him or her at work until invited to call his or her home Good to know Eye contact is important as long as it isn't too obtrusive. Don't chew gum in public. It's considered vulgar. Slapping an open palm over a closed fist is considered rude. And please do not snap your fingers! The French smile shouldn't be perceived as a greeting or a sign of approval. Summary Although French people might sometimes be perceived to be rude by foreigners, formal language and behavior are considered very important. If you're headed to France for business reasons, you'll want to know a little bit about French business etiquette. In general, the French are very formal in their cocial customs , and this transfers right over into the business world. Thank you for listening!
in time. Diffusion of Innovations Theory – the basics The DOI theory has been generated or analysed for already more than 100 years. It was made known by Everett M. Rogers in 1960s. According to Rogers (1983, p. 6), ‘Diffusion is a kind of social change, defined as the process by which alteration occurs in the structure and function of a social system. The elements of the diffusion: o The innovation – a new object or idea, not necessary objectively new, but perceived new to one society. o Communication through channels – essence of the process is the information exchange, done through several channels/ in several ways. o Members of social system/ network – inseparable aspect as without members there is no communication. The transfer of ideas is easier in homogenous groups (same language etc). (Also, the norms and values of the system – culture i.e. – can inhibit the diffusion.)
Words: 1. Horticulture (aiandus)- the cultivation of a garden, orchard, or nursery; the cultivation offlowers, fruits, vegetables, or ornamental plants. 2. Caveat (hoiatus)- a warning or caution; admonition 3. Husbandry (põllundus)- the cultivation and production of edible crops or of animals for food; agriculture; farming. 4. Yield (tootma)- to give forth or produce by a natural process or in return for cultivation 5. Intuitive (vaistlik)- perceived by, resulting from, or involving intuition 6. Cognition (tunnetus)- the act or process of knowing; perception 7. Silt (setted)- earthy matter, fine sand, or the like carried by moving or running water and deposited as a sediment. 8. Unequivocally (ühemõtteliselt)- in a way that is clear and unambiguous 9. Fungi (seened)- a taxonomic kingdom, or in some classification schemes a division of the kingdom Plantae, comprising all the fungus groups and sometimes also the slime
Nasal consonants are produced so the air flow in the oral cavity is completely blocked and the velum lowers and air escapes through the nasal cavity. Nasals of English: m – bilabial n - alveolar - velar Laterals are sound where the air escapes from the sides of the tongue and out of the oral cavity – closure is made somewhere along the axis of the tongue. Lateral of English: - which has 2 allophones – clear l’ when perceived by a vowel (glass) and dark l’ when perceived by a consonant (doll) Approximates are speech sounds where the articulators are not in strong contact -almost not touching each other. Approximates of English: r - row, raw, write j - year, youth, yes w - wrong, with Rhotic means that r- sounds are not pronounced. car = kɑ:r Non-rhotic means that r-sounds are not pronounced (BBC). car = kɑ: Sounds according to the place of articulation:
kahepoolse protsessi tulemus, ning et kujutlus võib oluliselt varieeruda sõltuvalt vaatlejast. Tõenäosus sarnase kujutluse tekkimisest on suurem sarnaste omadustega ( näiteks sugu, vanus, kultuuriline taust) gruppides. Esimese peatüki lõpus selgitatakse muutust ajaloos keskkonna tajumises ja tuuakse välja tänapäeva maastikukujundajate eesmärk. THE IMAGE OF THE ENVIRONMENT The city is a construction in space, but one of vast scale, a thing perceived only in the course of long spans of time. Nothing is experienced by itself, but always in relation to its surroundings, the sequences of events leading up to it, the memory of past experiences. Moving elements in a city, and in particular the people and their activities, are as important as the stationary physical parts. We are not simply observers of this spectacle, but are ourselves a part of it, on the stage with the other participants. Most often, our perception of the city is not
Absolute Truth has many manifestations Brahman, Paramatma, Bhagavan. In Isopanishad that is sruti, the Absolute Truth is not called by personal name, because upanisads are giving transitional knowledge, they take people from karma kanda towards bhakti. Srila Prabhupada follows this practice and he almost never uses the word "Krishna" in the whole Isopanishad. He uses impersonalists' words to bring them beyond impersonalism. The Absolute Truth is always sat-cit-ananda, but He is not always perceived as sat-cit-ananada. Jnanis realize His eternity or sat aspect Brahman realization. They understand that beyond this world there is some kind of eternal existance and they conisder this a highest reality. Yogis realize His sat-cit eternity and knowledge aspect Paramatma realization. They understand that Supersoul is everywhere & Supersoul is conscious of me, my activities and I want to be conscious of Supersoul
Imagination is More Important That Knowledge Imagination is the ability to form a mental image of something that is not perceived through the senses. It's the ability of the mind to build mental scenes, things or events that do not exist, are not there or have ever happened in the past. Knowledge on the other hand is familiarity, awareness (osoznanije), or understanding gained (nakoplennqj) through experience or study. From the definition itself we can notice that to have knowledge you have to study or experience something in order to gain it but for imagination it is limitless, and also a
Artikli kirje koosneb kahest põhiosast: andmetest artikli ja andmetest väljaande kohta, milles artikkel on avaldatud. Artiklid kogumikus. Artikli autor. Ilmumisaasta sulgudes. Artikli pealkiri. Nt: Paats, M. & Tiko, A. (1999). Lääne-Virumaa koolinoored ja huvitegevus. Artikkel elektroonilises väljaandes Artikkel, mis on ainult Internetis ilmuvas ajakirjas: Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E- Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 3848. http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap/article/view/71/100 Artiklid kogumikus. Artikli autor. Ilmumisaasta sulgudes. Artikli pealkiri. Lühend sõnast "raamatus" (Rmt. või ingliskeelsete teoste puhul In) kogumiku autor(id) või toimetaja, sulgudes märkega Toim.; ingliskeelsetel Ed./Eds.; saksakeelsetel Hrsg.. Kogumiku pealkiri kaldkirjas. Trükikordusandmed. Ilmumiskoht: Kirjastus
05144023 Compare and contrast the `direct` perception theory of Gibson with the `constructivist` perception theory of Gregory. Which provides a better account of human perception? Sensation involves physical stimulation of the sense organs, while perception is the organisation and interpretation of incoming sensory information. The Gestalt theorists first identified many of the principles that dominate in human visual perception. As Dowell (1995) has observed: "To perceive seems effortless. To understand perception is nevertheless a great challenge" (cited in Gross, 2005, pp 244). This essay will look at Gregory's theory and Gibson's theory of visual perception whether one or the other offers a better explanation of human visual perception. According to top-down perceptual processing theorists, perception is the end result of an indirect process that involves making inferences about the ...
positive attitude about your abilities. The skill and commitment may be there in abundance, but a negative or cautious approach can undermine your potential every time. Though very few would actually welcome adversity, advice is to see it for what it is and make the most of it: learn how to face it, learn how to cope with it, keep your feet on the ground, and when it has passed look back to see what you could have learned from it. In recent years, it seems that perception how one is perceived by others has become critically important to success for managers. You need to understand how others see you. As a start, you might ask during assessment or appraisal meetings to have the papers put aside for a moment and get an honest, off-the-record assessment of how you are perceived generally. Managing your time It is critical, therefore, that you devise a strategy for dealing with time. The first step is to commit to a specific plan for how you allot your time
War on Terror The War on Terror is an international military campaign led by the United States and the United Kingdom with the support of other NATO and non-NATO countries. Officially, the War on Terror label has not been used since Barack Obama came to office in 2009, but the war in Afghanistan continues. The campaign was launched in 2001 with the US/UK invasion of Afghanistan in response to the September 11 attacks. Since then, other operations have commenced, the largest being the War in Iraq, beginning with a 2003 invasion. Originally, it was waged against al-Qaeda and other terrorist organizations with the purpose of eliminating them. The phrase War on Terror was first used by former US President George W. Bush and other high-ranking US officials to denote a global military, political, legal and ideological struggle against organizations designated as terrorist and regimes that were accused of having a ...
Europe could not produce enough livestock to meet its own needs. 3. To carry first-class passengers in great luxury, second-class passengers in great comfort and third-class passengers with great economy. 4. To fly the flag of Great Britain and uphold national honor. Even though Titanic was ultimately owned by American business interests, the Ship was built in a British yard, operated by British subjects, manned by British crews and perceived by the public as a British ship Titanic was 882 feet 9 inches (269.06 m) long with a maximum breadth of 92 feet 6 inches (28.19 m). Her total height, measured from the base of the keel to the top of the bridge, was 104 feet (32 m). She measured 46,328 gross register tons and with a draught of 34 feet 7 inches (10.54 m), she displaced 52,310 tons. Titanic had ten decks (excluding the top of the officers' quarters), eight of which were for passenger use
Does the companionship of animals fulfill certain basic human needs that are still not fully understood, but which are nevertheless vital to our sense of well-being? One recent study revealed that there were significantly fewer minor illnesses such as colds, backaches and stomach problems among adults after they had acquired a pet. "It is difficult to know if they became healthier as a result of acquiring their pet, but they certainly perceived themselves to be so,” the researcher said. There is no real explanation however, for why animals can change people in various ways. Elizabeth Ormerod, who is spearheading a campaign to introduce pets into a Scottish prison, has watched the effect of animals on prisoners. "Animals help to dispel tension,” she says. The Scottish prisons that have some involvement with animals report fewer disturbances as well as better relationships between staff and prisoners. "Caring
The MC would speak between songs, giving exhortations to dance, greetings to audience members, jokes and anecdotes. Eventually, this practice became more stylized, and came to be known as rapping. By 1979, hip hop had become a commercially recorded music genre, and began to enter the American mainstream. It also began its spread across the world. In the 1990s, a form called gangsta rap became a major part of American music, causing significant controversy over lyrics which were perceived by some as promoting violence, promiscuity, drug use and misogyny. Nevertheless, hip hop continued to increase in popularity, and by the year 2000, it was a staple of popular music charts. In the 1990s, gangsta rap became mainstream, beginning in 1992, with the release of Dr. Dre's The Chronic. This album established a style called G Funk, which soon came to dominate West Coast hiphop. Other artists such as Tupac Shakur (a.k.a. 2Pac), who would start his rapping career in 1991,
1.The Authorized Version, commonly known as the King James Version, King James Bible or KJV. English translation of Christian Bible. Translation began by the church of england in 1604 and completed in 1611. It was the third official translation into english. The first was the great bible which was made during the reign of kind henry VIII and the second was bishops bible. They started making the new version in 1604 because the puritans(a factino within the church of england) perceived (detected)problems with earlier translations. 2.The translation was done by 47 scholars, all of who were members of the Church of England. The New Testament was translated from Greek, the Old Testament was translated from Hebrew text, while the Apocrypha were translated from the Greek and Latin. Over the course of the 18th century, the Authorized Version supplanted the Latin Vulgate as the standard version of scripture for English speaking scholars. Person ...
300 000 to one or two million Jews were killed in ghettos and camps. The master plan: the deniers say the Nazi's didn't have an intention to exterminate European Jewry, but to deport the Jews out of the Reich (regime or empire). They say that the Holocaust was the invention of the Jews and that the concentration camps were `'inventions of the Jewish mind''. WHY DENY IT? Holocaust deniers deny the happenings of the holocaust to reduce perceived sympathy to Jews; to plant seeds of doubt about Jews and the Holocaust; to undermine the legitimacy of the State of Israel; and to draw attention to particular issues or viewpoints. To innate hatred towards the Jewish: Mark Weber generalises the Jews into a unified whole and suggests that they present a unified threat to American and world culture. Money as a motive: David Irving is said to earn his living by lecturing
Each infected person can infect multiple new people. o Human population, if the number of births and deaths per person per year were to remain at current levels (but also see logistic growth). o Many responses of living beings to stimuli, including human perception, are logarithmic responses, which are the inverse of exponential responses; the loudness and frequency of sound are perceived logarithmically, even with very faint stimulus, within the limits of perception. This is the reason that exponentially increasing the brightness of visual stimuli is perceived by humans as a smooth (linear) increase, rather than an exponential increase. This has survival value. Generally it is important for the organisms to respond to stimuli in a wide range of levels, from very low levels, to very high levels, while the
Featherstone (1987) does question, however, whether lifestyles actually cut across structures such as class and culture, as the politics of consumption are still mired in economic asymmetries. Nonetheless, Giddens (1991) offers that the more post-traditional and fragmented the context, the more lifestyle choice becomes critical in the (re)constitution of self-identity. Chaney (1996) thus sees lifestyle as the consumption of sets of goods and services in response to a perceived loss of meaning in everyday life. In this latter sense, the aesthetic sign-value of lifestyle consumption becomes politically mobilised and forms a basis for resisting dominant power structures, as seen in the countercultural protests of the 1960s (Binkley, 2004). The ideal of ‘alternative lifestyle’ was then extolled as a break from the past and the constraints of its collective structures. As
Romeo and Juliet The story concerns two noble families of Verona, the Capulets and the Montagues, that have feuded for generations. The prologue also explains that the lovers' tragic suicides "[bury] their parents' strife." R & J are star-crossed lovers it means, that they can never be happy together and they rather die before they live without each other. The action starts with a street-battle between the two families, started by their servants and put down by the Prince of Verona, Escalus. The Prince declares that the heads of the two families (known simply as "Montague" and "Capulet") will be held personally accountable for any further breach of the peace, and disperses the crowd. Count Paris, a young nobleman, talks to Capulet about marrying his thirteen-year-old daughter, Juliet. Capulet demurs, because his is in daughter tender age, but he invites him to attract attention of Juliet during ...
Spain's northwestern position in the Americas. Spain never did strengthen its military position in California sufficient to thwart hostile military action by any save the local Indians, but relied instead on the Spanish presence to pose a political trip wire - hostile action in California would result in war with Spain. Political and military leaders in California charged with it's development and defense were constantly frustrated and angered by what they perceived as inadequate attention and support by their superiors in Mexico City. Authorities in Mexico City saw California as an economic drain on resources. It was a strained relationship at best. As elsewhere in New Spain ultimate political power in California was exercised by Spanish born political, military, and religious personalities. As time went on the Criollo (American born Spaniards) grew more numerous. These Californios, as they were called, were the sons and daughters of
The first of these harbours concerns regarding the legitimacy of the UNSC, which it sees as being undermined by the Council's apparent inability to constrain great power use of force, particularly by the United States. This interpretation of the crisis of legitimacy is countered by an alternative understanding -- proffered most notably by neoconservative forces in the George W. Bush administration -- which focuses on the perceived inability of the existing UN regime to meet the challenges of contemporary global security (Frum and Perle, 2003;Kaplan and Kristol, 2003). Recognizing the United States as having a unique hegemonic role within contemporary international society, neoconservatives deride the existing collective security regime for impeding the United States as it seeks to fulfil the responsibilities that accompany its exalted status.
of Lapland. That is usually the main reason why tourists go there. So in that case Moscardo et al.´s model is very accurate by focusing on the activities as the main factors in decision making process. Basically the choice of the destination was very easy to make. As it says in the model that the destination choice is based on a match between perceived activities offered and preferred activities. For us the match was perfect and Lapland offered just the right activities for our taste. When we were already in Rovaniemi, we got to know even more options via hosts. They suggested us to go to the Santa´s Park which we did and were glad that we did. So the promotion on sight was good and relevant.
markets, competition and substitutes Markets include all "potential buyers and sellers" behavior of buyers is represented by "demand" (benefits side of model) behavior of sellers is represented by "supply" (cost side of model) Definition: "A schedule of the quantities of a good that buyers are willing and able to purchase at each possible price during a period of time, other things held constant" · Demand can also be perceived as a schedule of the maximum prices buyers are willing and able to pay for each unit of a good. Market demand The market demand function is the horizontal summation of the individuals' demand functions. In models of firm behavior, the demand for a firm's product can be constructed DEMAND DETERMINANTS · Price is the major determinant of the quantity demanded. · The nonprice determinants of demand are: - number of buyers, - tastes,
undermine SWAPO, adding to the growing government appreciation of International Clear decline of the Soviet Union in the late1980s, culminating in its collapse with Eastern European uprisings and the Political Factors destruction of the Berlin Wall. United States took more interest in democratisation in South Africa, as the ANC was no longer perceived as a communist threat. When de Klerk came to power, the USA told him that within a year he must end the state of emergency, lift the ban on the liberation movement and release all political prisoners. Leadership · Mandela and de Klerk Key Negotiators Desmond Tutu
ideas, and ideas only. The truth of a mathematical proposition is independent of questions about existence. 19. What does Hume think about the notion of cause-effect? We understand matters of fact according to causation. The notion of cause-effect is a complex idea that is made up of three more foundational ideas: priority in time, proximity in space, and necessary connection. 20. What does Hume think about the notion of substance? Hume held that since substance cannot be perceived, it should not be assumed to exist. What we call substance is simply a bundle of qualities created by our minds – it is an association of ideas. If qualities were all removed there would be nothing else there. Therefore, substance does not exist. 21. What does Hume thinks about the notions of God, the world and the self? Why? God, the world and even the self, don't exist. 22. According to Hume, what is belief and why is it important for life? Belief
divorce proceedings being instituted. The couple were formally divorced on August 28, 1996. Following the death of Diana from injuries received in a car crash in Paris on August 31, 1997, Elizabeth came in for some public criticism for the apparent coolness of her response. Her live broadcast to the nation in tribute to Diana, which she made a week after the crash, partly restored public opinion. Diana's death, however, sparked much debate on the role of the monarchy, its perceived lack of "popular" touch, the formality of its institutions, and its size in terms of the number of royals with public duties. In November 1999 Australia voted in a referendum to retain their country's constitutional monarchy, thus maintaining Australia's ties with Britain. Elizabeth visited the country in 2002 during her tour of Commonwealth countries to mark the golden jubilee of her accession to the throne; a year also marked by the deaths of her mother, and sister Margaret. It is estimated
- The white circes on the backround look like stars. Along with the blue gradient of course. These white circes are firstly shaped as circles. And circles, viewing from the far distance, may look like a star. Another thing is their color. When we view the sun for example, or just look at the sky in the night, we see white dots and we know, based on the physics class, that these are the stars. Therefore these white, circled dots are perceived as a stars in this context. - Orange lines are firstly orange because, again, it is this brands's one of the main color. And secondly, based on color theory it is the complementary color of the blue. It is suggested to use complementary colors, because they have the highest contrast therefore it is easly seen. They 'cancel' each other out, making same contrast as black and white colors. Complementary color schemes are believed to be aesthetically
social order. Power and authority The third possible explanation to social order is the presence of power and authority in our societies. Unlike norms, which can often be violated and have proven to be not entirely sufficient when explaining social order, the presence of a governing body seems to fill in where other factors become lacklustre. Hobbes (Hobbes, 1951) illustrates that within a state all people are perceived as equal and equally self-interested. Thus, if disobeying the social order is in the interest and capacity of the individual, only the presence of the state and its jurisdiction prevents the society from developing into a "war of all against all". Engels (Engels, 2009) would rather see the society apportioned into different classes, which are prone to create conflict between them. As Hobbes, Engels sees that coercion is the power that maintains social order among the lower classes
entry; each firm "differentiates" its product. · Oligopoly - a market characterized by significant barriers to entry and "a few "sellers who recognize their interdependence in the market; products may be homogeneous or differentiated. Monopolistic Competition · Large number of sellers · relative ease of exit / entry · products are differentiated actual differentiation perceived differentiation Only difference from pure comp. is that the demand faced by the firm is not perfectly elastic; MR will lie below the Demand function (AR) Relaxing the characteristic of outputs from homogeneous to "differentiated products" was the basic change from the purely competitive market model. Thedifferentiation of output results in the demand faced by each seller being less than perfectly elastic. · Since there are "many sellers," many substitutes for each seller's output is implied
the syllable longer. Fixed stress always word-initial (Czech, Hungarian), always word-final (Turkish, French), penultimate (Polish). Dynamic stress Russian, English Tone languages Somali, Mandarin Stress-timed languages syllables may last different amounts of time, but stressed syllables appear at a roughly constant rate. Non-stressed syllables are shortened to accomodate this. Syllable-timed languages every syllable is perceived as taking up roughly the same amount of time. Syllables are given approximately equal stress. When words are combined into sentences (or phrases), only one of the syllables receives a primary stress in that sentence (or phrase) and all the other syllables have a secondary stress. There are words in English that may be pronounced in two different ways in weak forms, in strong forms. Function words (auxiliary verbs, prepositions, conjunctions and certain pronouns) have weak forms.
political thought from the time of the publication of his Two treatises of government to the present day. Locke's writings refute the notions both of the divine right of kings and absolute government by arguing that peoples' destiny should be determined by majority will. In Locke's view this can only be achieved by what he defines as limited government, an overarching framework which allows the people to amend or even dissolve a legislature if it is perceived to break the trust placed in it by the majority. In order to understand the emergence of societies and the concept of limited government it is useful first to explore Locke's hypothetical scenario of what it was like before these existed. Locke claims man lived in a state of nature and that each individual was born equal into a ...state of perfect freedom to order their actions... Locke (1821, p. 189). Within a state of nature Locke proposes that men were
In Virittäjä 3, 382-402. Kaivapalu, A. & P. Muikku-Werner 2010. Reseptiivinen monikielisyys: miten suomenkielinen oppija ymmär-tää viroa äidinkielensä pohjalta? In Lähivõrdlusi. Lähivertailuja 20, 6897. Kaivapalu, A. & P. Eslon 2011. Onko lähdekielen vaikutus suomen ja viron omaksumiseen symmetristä? Korpuspohjaisen tutkimuksen tuloksia ja haasteita. In Lähivõrdlusi. Lähivertailuja 21, 132153. Kaivapalu, A. & M. Martin 2012. Perceived and actual similarity in closely related languages. Paper presented at EUROSLA 22 in Poznan September 58, 2012. Klein, H. G. & T.D. Stegmann 2000. EuroComRom Die sieben Siebe: Romanische Sprachen sofort lesen können. Aachen Shaker: Verlag. Kürschner, S., C. Gooskens & R. van Bezooijen. Linguistic determinants of the intelligibility of Swedish words among the Danes. In International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 2/1-2, 83-100. Lutjeharms, M. 2007
Improve development expense Return on Investment 5%, 15%, 25% Increase amount of time employees spend in the office RoI Increase the number of employees simultaneously in the office Increase efficiency of every employee Increase perceived value Customer appraisal of the Not less than 7, 8, 8 Raise satisfaction with user experience products and services based Marketing initiatives to present the product most credibly and seductively on questionnaires and actual sales (10 point scale)
guitar, vocals), George Harrison (lead guitar, vocals) and Ringo Starr (drums, vocals). Rooted in skiffle and 1950s rock and roll, the group later worked in many genres ranging from folk rock to psychedelic pop, often incorporating classical and other elements in innovative ways. The nature of their enormous popularity, which first emerged as the "Beatlemania" fad, transformed as their songwriting grew in sophistication. The group came to be perceived as the embodiment of progressive ideals, seeing their influence extend into the social and cultural revolutions of the 1960s. With an early five-piece line-up of Lennon, McCartney, Harrison, Stuart Sutcliffe (bass) and Pete Best (drums), The Beatles built their reputation in Liverpool and Hamburg clubs over a three-year period from 1960. Sutcliffe left the group in 1961, and Best was replaced by Starr the following year. Moulded into a professional outfit by music store owner Brian Epstein
enough energy per quantum to ionize atoms or intenstity moleculs; but has sufficient energy only for Illuminance E lx (lux) excitation, the movement of an electron to a higher energy state (ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwave, radio waves, low frequency Luminance L cd/m2 RF and static fields) Luminous flux (Ф)- the total perceived power of Illuminance light emitted in all directions, measured in lm. It’s Illuminance (E) is the the value of radiant flux which contains those term given to the wavelenghts which are detectable by the human quanitify of luminous flux eye. falling on unit area of a Luminous intensity (I) is a measure of the surface.
sellega (hea lapse oreool, tippsportlase, kuulsuse oreool) 8. Projektsioon (projection) - on teisele isikule alateadlikult omaenda iseloomujoonte omastamine. Tüüpilistel juhtumil omistatakse meeldivale inimesele iseenda teadaolevaid positiivseid omadusi ja vaenlasele iseenda teadvustamata negatiivseid jooni. 9. Lihtsustamine (simplification) - tingib keerulise, komplitseeritud ja ainuomase lihtsustamist ja hõlmavaks muutmist. 10. Tajukujundi tasakaalustamine (Balancing the perceived shape) - eeldab teises isikus seletamatu ja vasturääkiva sellist tõlgendamist, et tekiks loogiline ja arusaadav tervik. Selleks kasutatakse lihtsustamise ja äärmushinnangute reduseerimist kõrval vastuolude silumist. 11. Roll (role) - ühiskonna või grupi poolt normatiivselt heakskiidetud käitumisviis, mida oodatakse teatud kindlal positsioonil olevalt indiviidilt. 12. Rolliootus (the role of expectations?) kujutab endast kindlakujulise tegutsemise ja
Preparing for exam. Focus areas Defining innovation ● “An innovation is an idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption.” (Rogers 1952) ● CIS survey: “Product innovations must be new to your enterprise, but they do not need to be new to your market”. ● “Companies achieve competitive advantage through acts of innovation. They approach innovation in its broadest sense, including both new technologies and new ways of doing things” – (Porter 1990) ● “An innovative business is one which lives and breathes “outside the box”
Blood flow in the brain during different activities: the rate of blood flow is measured by special radiation counters that are placed at various points of the skull and that monitor radiation from mildly radioactive gas injected into the bloodstream. Blood flow pattern depends on what the patient does ( different pattern is found when person is reading aloud, yet another when he watches a moving light and so on). Ambiguous sights and sounds: The way ambiguous figures are perceived often depends on what we have seen just before. For example, if we are first shown an unambiguous figure of a rat, the ambiguous picture will be seen as a rat. If we are first exposed to an unambiguous face, we see the ambiguous figure as a face. What holds for visual patterns also holds for language. Many utterances are ambiguous. If presented out of context, they can be undestrood in several different ways. For example, ,,The mayor ordered the police to stop drinking".
· A person was reputed to be a witch and surrounded with an aura of witch-beliefs Éva Pócs in turn identifies three varieties of witch in popular belief: · The "neighbourhood witch" or "social witch": a witch who curses a neighbour following some conflict. · The "magical" or "sorcerer" witch: either a professional healer, sorcerer, seer or midwife, or a person who has through magic increased her fortune to the perceived detriment of a neighbouring household; due to neighbourly or community rivalries and the ambiguity between positive and negative magic, such individuals can become labelled as witches. · The "supernatural" or "night" witch: portrayed as a demon appearing in visions and dreams. The familiar witch of folklore and popular superstition is a combination of numerous influences. The characterization of the witch as an evil magic user developed over time.
22. Combining forms 23. Back-formation “…a kind of derivation in reverse, in which a supposed affix is removed from a word”. It is the process of forming a new word (a neologism) by extracting actual or supposed affixes from another word; shortened words created from longer words. Verb: back-form (itself a back-formation). Backformation is a form of shortening in which the omitted material is or is perceived to be a formative, typically an affix. Itsomission produces a new form with a meaning related to but distinct from that of the etymon. Backformation has been a surprisingly productive source of new words.” Examples: baby-sit (babysitter), televise (television), emote (emotion), edit (editor), burgle (burglar), peeve (peevish), diagnose (diagnosis) 24. Alphabetisms, initialisms, acronyms – types of shortening
It is popularly denoted by concepts such as project management, flat hierarchies, customer orientation, abolition of career civil service, depolitization, total quality management, and contracting-out. NPM comes from Anglo-America, and it was strongly pushed by most of the International Finance Institutions (IFI's) such as the World Bank and the IMF. It originates from the 1980s with their dominance of neo-liberal governments (especially Thatcher and Reagan) and the perceived crisis of the Welfare state, but it came to full fruition in the early 1990s. NPM is part of the neo-classical economic imperialism within the social sciences, i.e. the tendency to approach all questions with neo-classical economic methods. In advanced PA scholarship itself, especially but not only in Europe, NPM is on the defensive by now, if taken as a world view (i.e. an ideology), rather than as one of several useful perspectives for PA reform (i.e. part of a pluralistic approach)
move against the United States dollar by 0.5% (effective 18 May 2007, which was earlier 0.3%) a day, while 3% a day against other currencies.[59] Many high-tech American companies have difficulty exporting to China because of U.S. federal government restrictions, which exacerbated the trade gap between the PRC and the US, widespread software piracy and illegal copying of intellectual property (a major US export), and perceived low quality of US goods. On the other hand, China runs a trade deficit with Taiwan and South Korea, importing more from those nations than exports. China runs a large but diminishing trade surplus with Japan[60] (slight deficit if Hong Kong is included).[61][62] There has been a significant rise in the Chinese standard of living in recent years. Today, a rapidly declining 10 percent of the Chinese population is below the poverty line. 90
because there will be no more teachers who speak anything else, or because pupils will refuse to be `branded on the tongue' by speaking anything else), then EE will be the New RP." Parsons (1998: 61) also takes a position on the influence of the current levelling of accents in the south-east on the possible substitution of RP by EE: If... levelling of accents is taking place in the whole of south-east England, the home territory of RP, or if such a levelling is perceived, because people cannot tell the difference (bearing in mind that `accent is in the listener'), then EE will indeed be in a very strong position to oust RP, which is what has been predicted by ROSEWARNE Coggle (2000) does not support the claim that EE will oust RP either; however, he supposes that "... EE would probably influence the speech of powerholders in the Greater London area, and indeed that some EE speakers would become power- holders."
simply because of the lack of important news or snippets. This would again present a wrong idea before the public. · Certain types of mass media such as newspapers or leaflets have a very short shelf life. In terms of advertising, it would not serve to be useful for every kind of product or message. These were some of the pros and cons of mass media. Ultimately, it always depends upon the individual and the way a particular message is perceived for a positive influence of the mass media! http://www.buzzle.com By Kashmira Lad The role and power of the mass media Our world today is increasingly driven by a combination of information and entertainment values, and these are both promoted by the explosion of different means of communication, especially electronic communication such as satellite TV and Internet. This means the market for information is extremely competitive and is characterized by the following: 1
*Differentiation The eight dimentions of quality 1. Performance – peamine funktsioon 2. Features – kellad ja viled 3. Reliability – usaldusväärsus 4. Conformance – vastavus showroomis näidatuga 5. Durability - kestvus 6. Serviceability – lihtne hooldada 7. Aesthetics – esteetika, kuidas product lõhnab, välja näeb jne 8. Perceived Quality – üldine maine Industry Structure and Competitive Strategy Fragmented industry- palju väikseid firmasid väiksel turul Consolidated industry – paar suuri firma dominantsus Hyper-competition and Competitive Advantage Sustainability Competitive Tactics Requerements for Generic Competitive Strategies Overall cost of leadership Differentaiton Focus Market location tactics where a company implements a strategy • Offensive tactics • Defensive tactics
Entrance barriers for foreign companies in Table I consider additional difficulties for foreign firms besides the other parameters and the general disadvantage of not being familiar with the domestic business culture. Some parameters in Table I are related to district-heating sales. DH competitiveness includes the availability and price of other forms of heating, primarily natural gas. Customer relations concern customer attitudes toward district heating, customers' and suppliers' perceived insecurity whether they can establish and maintain relations, as well as if disconnections have occurred or may occur. Built environment relates to how common multi-family buildings are and if these have a central heating system for the whole house. Tabel Tabel . District heating value chain with heat production, distribution and sales in focus Table I ends with district-heating production and distribution issues. Biomass considers domestic
theory having occurred unjustly (which it would be in the first place as well, of course). Should a government then always act according to law or is it justified to in case of emergency set the laws aside? Is it possible to choose between two evils? Unlawfulness In a constitutional state there are rules the executive power needs to follow and that can sometimes make fighting terrorism inconvenient. Methods perceived as effective are not legitimate. Utilitarian thinkers believe this can be disregarded as to avoid a greater evil, authorities inevitably have to break the law. Michael Ignatieff (2004) states that governments needn't follow national and international law as precisely in case violating this law will avoid bigger crimes. “Sticking too firmly to the rule of law simply allows terrorists too much leeway to exploit our freedoms. Abandoning the rule of law altogether betrays our most valued
reports, and financial data and intensity a hospital's structural clinical integration and average total discharge cost per patient Questionnaire survey for managers Clinical and administrative To measure perceived levels of clinical and clinical leaders integration and administrative integration, along with perceived effectiveness of these activities Qualitative interviews with Organisational and normative To examine the degree to which the hospital executives integration processes of integrating doctors and
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