EU Institutions EU institutions European Commission Council of the European Union European Parlament European Commission Location is Brussels Founded in 1958 the Commission's main objective: the smooth functioning and development of the single market The Commission represents the common interests of the Community 27 Commissioners who will be appointed for a term of five years President of the European Commission Jean-Claude Juncker Estonian Commissioner Andrus Ansip Council of the European Union Location is Brussels (Belgium) Founded in 1958 At meetings of the Council ministers of EU Member States will meet with the aim of discussing, amending and adopting legislation and coordinating policies. discussions and voting European Parliament Location: Strasbourg (France), Brussels (Belgium), Luxembourg Founded in 1952 Tasks: legislative, supervisory and budgetary responsibilities 751 members...
TALLINN UNIVERSITY The Law School Law The European Union Law The EU institutions Lecturer: Matti Kauppi Student: Viktoria Gratšjova Tallinn, 2014 The institutions of the European Union form a complex and unique polity and, in determining whether or not this structure and the law making powers granted to each respective institution are inherently undemocratic, it is vital to define what is meant by the term ‘democratic’. In his Gettysburg address Abraham Lincoln referred to a government which was ‘of the people, by the people, for the people’and it is by this criterion that democracy is often judged. These
LONDON LONDON Largest city in western Europe Dominates Britain Headquarters of all goverment departments the country´s parliament major legal institutions the monarch Bussiness and banking centres, the national television networks and newspapers Seven times larger Fifth of the total population TWO AREAS Walled City (the square mile) Small Did not contain Parliament or the royal court Traders and merchants Westminster Outside London´s walls National institutions meeting place WEST END AND EAST END West End Theatres, cinemas, expensive shops East End
The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union where are 27 member states drom European continent. The EU operates through a system of independent institutions and decisions are made by the member countries. EUs population is of over 500 million inhabitants which is 7.3% of the world population, there are 23 different languages and for now 17 countries are using EUs common currency Euro. EU was founded after World War II, when Europe was struggeling in social and political devastations. In 1948 a congress in Hague was held to discuss ideas about the development of European political co-operation
5. Financial Institutions and Services Objectives and Outcomes To give overview of main players. 5.1. Introduction It is common to distinguish between monetary financial institutions (MFIs) and other financial intermediaries. The distinction is based on the functions of institutions institutions in the first group (MFIs) play important role in the process of money creation in modern economies. European Central Bank (ECB) describes Monetary financial institutions as including national central banks (and also ECB in the euro area), credit institutions and non-credit institutions which receive deposits from general public (individuals and non-MFI firms) and grant credit and/or invest in securities. Major non-credit MFIs in Europe are money market funds. Credit institutions are defined in the directive 1 relating to the taking up and pursuit of the business of credit institutions as:
The Great Guild Liisbeth Kallakmaa The Great Guild Medieval Tallinn's social institutions were guilds and brotherhoods, whose main function was to provide members with social interactions and ensure their rights, but also played an important political and economic role. Tallinn had three important guilds - The Great Guild, St. Canute's Guild and St. Olaf's guild. The Great Guild was the youngest among them, founded in the 14th century, but soon became the biggest and most important. It was founded as an organization of the wealthiest merchants and shipowners. The name
Kolga-Jaani Basic school European Union Roosmary Suigusaar Form 9 Kolga-Jaani 2010 Site map What does European Union?...........................................................3 The main aurthorities....................................................................4 Information...............................................................................5 What does European Union? European integratsion process began in 1951, when concluded European Coal and Steel Community founding agreement between Belgium, Netherland, Luxenbourg, Italy, France and West Germany. It was to prevent armed conflicts between the Member States. EU is economic and political partnership between 27 democratic European countries (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, I...
But just where that line is drawn, of course, is a matter for debate. • Council of Europe (1949) – Inter-governmental regional organization to achieve a ‘greater unity between its Members by discussion … and agreements’ (Eur. Conv. Of Hum. Rights) • ECSC (1951) – Strong potential for cooperation, ‘above states’ organization, shared sovereignity (only six member states); revolutionary institutions – not IO. European Defence Community (EDC) – A plan to create a common European military as a means of binding Germany to European integration after WWII. The creation of the EEC • Treaties of Rome (EEC / EURATOM) – Signed in March 1957; Ratified in January 1958. Four goals: - Single market within 12 years (with 3½ freedoms goods, capitals, services, people) - Elimination of custom duties & common external tarifs
Germany 1990s Gorbachev removes protection from East German state, end of Cold War East German civic protest thus enabled, removing east German regime, paving way for unification Mexico: International pressure from IOs, other states, donors, learning effect from reforms elsewhere, etc. Domestic pressures come from crises or lack of `delivery' of services, growth, etc. South Africa Domestic: uprising `ungovernability' International: sanctions, censure, impact on economy Transitional institutions Rule of law : Separation of powers; Allied armies as back up if needed ... (g) East Germany absorbed into ready-made rule of law from West Constitutions, courts (SA) more independent Congress (M) Federal Electoral Institute (M) Openness: TRC (SA) `Gauck-Authority' (G) opening of Stasi files; Freedom of Information Agency (M) CONSOLIDATION Democratization doesn't end with elections....
Scholars of comparative law often overlooked family law as an important and distinctive site for the contestation of norms and values, perhaps because they viewed family law as too political for the technical inquiry carried out by comparativists. Other scholars characterized the family as a unique place, the opposite of the market, where traditional rather than modern discourses are at play and where moral and religious values, often in tension with secular visions, shape legal institutions. Family law scholars tended to focus on single legal regimes, rarely opening their inquiry to comparative methods. 3.Actors in CL The modern founding figure of comparative and anthropological jurisprudence was Sir Henry Maine, a British jurist and legal historian. In his 1861 work Ancient Law: Its Connection with the Early History of Society, and Its Relation to Modern Ideas, he set out his views on the development
EL eksam European Institutions Council of the European Union – Euroopa Liidu Nõukogu (ministrid) - Legislative ja budgetary - Peab läbirääkimisi õigusaktide üle ja võtab need vastu (väga oluline otsustaja) otsustajaks vaja majorityt - Koordineerib liikmesriikide poliitikaid (majandus, haridus, kultuur, tööhõive jne) - Arendab EL ühist välis- ja julgeolekupoliitikat - Sõlmib rahvusvahelisi lepinguid (annab komisjonile volitused pidada EL nimel läbirääkimisi)
The European Union is a grouping of countries and their citizens. Both of these have a say in European matters. This happens through the Council of the European Union and the European Parliament. The Council of the European Union is the body representing the goverments of the EU countries. The funfamental decisions on European policy are taken by the European Council. This is made up of the Heads of State or Goverment of the EU, who meet regulary at least every 3 months. Another important institutions in the EU are European Commission, Court of Justice of the European Union, European Central Bank (ECB) and European Court on Auditors. The EU is active in many ares of policy: in economic policy, consumer protection, foreign policy, environmental protection, internal policy and justice. The final sections EUROpean money gives a brief when and why the Euro was introdused. Since 1999 there has been a common European curency - the euro.
uncoiseness with a life in the countryside. True, that a life in the city may seem more entertaining, rapid and fastinating, but it's only an illusion which is brought out due to the commotion in the city. But life in the countryside is more healthy due to the unpolluted air, possibility to evolve agriculture and an elbowroom in which one can dabble sports. One negative side effect accompanies living in the country is absense of infrastructures. Many important institutions locate too far and due to that transportation is an important subject while living in the country. To sum up, living in the city is comfortable but noisy and living in the country is peaceful but time-consuming.
Ranges approximately 150 kilometres inland from Australia's east coast. The highest point is Mount Majura at 888 metres. Climate Canberra experiences hot, quite dry summers, and cold winters with heavy fog and frequent frosts, with a rare spot of snow. Light snow falls in the city in one out of approximately three winters but is usually not widespread and quickly dissipates. Culture Canberra is home to many national monuments and institutions such as : the Australian War Memorial, the National Gallery of Australia, the National Portrait Gallery, the National Library of Australia, the National Archives of Australia, the National Museum of Australia. The End
Lisbon. Leaders: President of the Commission José Manuel Barroso and President of the European Council Herman Van Rompuy. EU law The European Union is based on the rule of law. This means that every action taken by the EU is founded on treaties that have been approved voluntarily and democratically by all EU member countries. A treaty is a binding agreement between EU member countries. It sets out EU objectives, rules for EU institutions, how decisions are made and the relationship between the EU and its member countries. European Union law is applied by the courts of member states and where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. European Union institutions The European Union is governed by seven(7) institutions. Article 13 of the Treaty on European Union lists them in the following order: 1) the European Parliament
Landmarks in UK Annette Kirotar 8.c Gustav Adolf Grammar School 2008/2009 University of Oxford University of Oxford is located in the city of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England. Oxford is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. It is also one of the world's leading academic institutions. Oxford has 38 independent colleges. History The university was built in the end of 12th century, although the exact date remains unclear. After a dispute between students and townsfolk broke out in 1209, some of the academics at Oxford fled north-east to the town of Cambridge, where the University of Cambridge was founded. The two universities have since had a long history of competition with each other. Interesting to know
regional consultative councils, but this is relatively rare. Why dos tates have territorial politics? Institutional (functional) explanations Scale matters Local councils running armies? US federal government organising garbage collection? Big states generally have intermediate (national-regional-local) institutions ed examples of federal states, all with primarily functional not sociological rationales Efficient scale of delivery for e.g. heathcare or education Reflect diversity of preferences from place to place ost-Hitler Sociological explanations as delivering nationwide common standards Centre-periphery cleavages ock by decentralising reform, but not much happens [groundhog day]
routine changes. 4. Changes in the structure of the enterprise or in the ways of organizing work (organizational innovation) “is the implementation of a new organisational method in the firm’s business practices, workplace organization or external relations”. Oslo Manual 2005 P.S. Mergers and acquisitions! National innovation system (NIS) The national innovation systems approach stresses that the flows of technology and information among people, enterprises and institutions are key to the innovative process. Innovation and technology development are the result of a complex set of relationships among actors in the system, which includes enterprises, universities and government research institutes. For policy makers, an understanding of the national innovation system can help identify leverage points for enhancing innovative performance and overall competitiveness. It can assist in pinpointing mismatches
As of the 2008–2009 school year, 1,040,750 students were enrolled in elementary and secondary schools in Washington, with 59,562 teachers employed to educate them.[106] As of August 2009, there were 295 school districts in the state, serviced by nine Educational Service Districts.[107] Washington School Information Processing Cooperative provides information management systems for fiscal & human resources and student data. Higher education There are more than 40 institutions of higher education in Washington. The state has major research universities, technical schools, religious schools, and private career colleges. Colleges and Universities include the University of Washington, Seattle University, Washington State University, Western Washington University etc. Health system Washington Healthplanfinder is the online health insurance marketplace in Washington State and was created in accordance with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
· Abbe Medal of the Carl Zeiss Institute in Jena (1932) · Nobel Prize in Physics (1936) Victor Francis Hess Born 24 June 1883 Schloss Waldstein, Peggau, Austria 17 December 1964 (aged 81) Died Mount Vernon, New York, USA Nationality Austria, United States Fields Physics University of Graz Austrian Academy of Sciences Institutions University of Innsbruck Fordham University Alma mater University of Graz Known for discovery of cosmic rays Notable awards Nobel Prize in Physics 1936 Carl David Anderson Carl David Anderson (3 September 1905 11 January 1991) was an American physicist. He is best known for his discovery of the positron, an achievement for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1936. September 3, 1905 Born
Compulsory school years Eleven-year secondary education in Russia is compulsory A student of 15 to 18 years of age may drop out of school with approval of his/her parent and local authorities Students with multiple violations may be kicked out of school at starting age of 15 School stages kindergarten (age 3 to 7) elementary (years 1-4) middle (years 5-9) senior (years 10-11) Grading system In Russia, most educational institutions use a five-point grading scale, where 5 is the highest and 1 is the lowest 5 "Excellent" 4 "Good" 3 "Satisfactory" 2 "Unsatisfactory" 1 "Very Poor" In higher education, most subjects are graded `Pass/No pass' PISA results · Russia is placed at the 33 place · Score: science 487, reading 495, mathematics 494 · Below average GDP investment 4.1% of GPD on education 4.1 percent of Russian GPD is 90,6 billion U.S dollars
and social level. In the medical field, health is commonly defined as an organism's ability to succesfully respond to challenges and effectively restore and keep a so-called ,,state of balance". 2. History · Early hospitals During the Middle Ages the hospital could serve other functions, such as an almshouse for the poor, or hostel for pilgrims. In ancient cultures, religion and medicine were linked. The earliest known institutions aiming to provide cure were Egyptian temples. Greek temples dedicatedto the healer-god, might admit the sick, who would wait for guidance from the god in a dream. The Romans adopted this worship. The Sri Lankans are perhaps responsible for introducing theconcept ofdedicated hospitals to the world. According to an ancient chronicle, written in the 6 th century A.D., a king had lying-in homes and hospitals built in various parts of the country. This is the earliest
"discoveries" was the English Parliament. I was amazed how fast it grew within the centuries, from eleventh to seventeenth centuries. The political history of British Isles over the past 800 years has been largely one of reducing the power of the monarchy and transferring authority to a London-based Parliament as the sovereign legislative body for all of Britain. This development has resulted in political, social and religious conflicts, as well as evolving governmental and constitutional institutions. The early political history of the British Isles is the story of four independent countries (England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland), but a dominant English political and military expansionism over the century. Near the end of the Middle Ages, the role of government in England underwent many changes. From the Magna Carta to the creation of the English Parliament, England laid the foundation for representative government and regulated sovereignty. The Magna
mankind. The chemicals and medicines tested on animals reacts differently on every species. That is why results gained from animal testing could be incorrect and misleading. In many cases, not only are the results wrong, but the opposite can be true for humans; a drug may cure a disease in lab animals but have an bad effect when used in treating people for the same symptoms. Only the study of human patients will ultimately lead to valid research. Unfortunately, many institutions which commit violations of animal rights appear to have no concern for their activity. It seems that the only option is to force them to stop their cruelty. Bills concerning animal research should be introduced to Congress as soon as possible. This is the only way to ensure that this tragedy will be ended, or at least contained. In the meantime, individuals can also help this problem by reducing or eliminating actions that contribute to the exploitation and abuse of animals
INTRODUCTION Tallinn is the capital and largest city of Estonia. It occupies a surface of 159.2 km2 in which 404,000 inhabitants live. It is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the banks of the Gulf of Finland, in north-western Estonia. Tallinn is the location of many institutions of higher education and science. As an important port for trade between Russia and Scandinavia, it became a target for the expansion of the Teutonic Knights and the Kingdom of Denmark. Historically, the city has been attacked, sacked, razed and pillaged on numerous occasions. Although extensively bombed by Soviet airforces during the latter stages of World War II, much of the medieval Old Town still retains its charm.
Los Angeles Los Angeles is the largest city in the state of California and the second largest in the United States. Often abbreviated as L.A. and nicknamed The City of Angels, Los Angeles has an estimated population of 3.8 million and spans over 1,290.6 km2 in Southern California. Additionally, the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area is home to nearly 12.9 million residents. Los Angeles is the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most diverse counties in the United States.In 2008, Los Angeles was named the world's eighth most economically powerful city by Forbes.com, ahead of Shanghai and Toronto but behind Chicago and Paris. Los Angeles was founded September 4, 1781, by Spanish The Village of Our Lady, the Queen of the Angels of the river of Porziuncola.It became a part of Mexico in 1821, following its independence from Spain. In 1848, at the end of the Mexican-American War, Los...
- may be convened for cases dealing with criminal charges against the President of the Republic, a justice of the Supreme Court, a member of the Government, the Chancellor of Justice or the Ombudsman of Parliament. Lay judges in Finland The District Courts have lay members or "Lay Judges" Composition is: ordinary judge + 2 lay judges Appointed for 4 years Lay Judge must be: Finnish citizen, age between 25-63 and cannot have positions in the courts or penal institutions. District Court pay fee and reimburse them. Conclusion Thank you for listening!
. A - 14th of March - Estonia's Mother Tongue day B - (varies between the 25th of March and 25th of April) - Easter C - 1st of May - Walpurgis Day and Night 14th of March - Estonia's Mother Tongue Day · Celebration of the birthday of Kristjan Jaak Peterson, also known as Christian Jacob Petersohn, our national poet. · First held in 1996, national holiday in 1999. · Celebration in our school with a speech contest called Demoshenes's Coronal · Celebration mostly in schools and cultural institutions. Children celebrating Example of Kristjan Jaak Peterson's poetry Cannot the language of this land In the wind of incantation Rising up to the heavens Seek for eternity? (K.J. Peterson) Demosthenes's Coronal Video of a contestant Easter (Lihavõtted) · Central feast in the Christian liturgical year · Bible legend · It's history goes beyond Christianity · Easter is a moveable feast. The date of Easter varies between March 22 and April 25. 2011 date is April 24th.
Writing letters Formal letters institutions, strangers Semi-formal letters - acquaintances Informal letters friends, family Layout Always in paragraphs A paragraph starts with a space, which is as wide as your finger No empty rows Block style in the content of the letter Greeting and farewell on the left side The greeting and farewell have the same style Dear..................... ........................................................................ .......................................................
Methods students should adopt to select the right university Ones choice of university will affect their life both socially and professionally so it is important to make a wise decision. Finding the perfect university or college can seem challenging at first because of the endless opportunities offered. The course range given to students is extensive and the decision can be difficult due to a broad spectrum of higher educational institutions. When choosing the ideal university, it is essential to do research as early as possible and take it rather seriously. First, one should try to narrow down the possibilities by a simple process of elimination. By figuring out the area of study and other relevant elements like the size or location, the decision will most likely become simpler. It is important to remember that no university is good at everything and has particular areas they specialize in
NIKITA GUSTSHIN TMHG 19.04.2012 "The History of Journalism" What is "Journalism"? Journalism is the investigation and reporting of events, issues and trends to a broad audience. Though there are many variations of journalism, the ideal is to inform the intended audience. Along with covering organizations and institutions such as government and business, journalism also covers cultural aspects of society such as arts and entertainment. The field includes editing, photojournalism, and documentary. History of journalism. Ancient journalism. Note: "Journalism" is often called the first draft of history, but not all of it has to get written down in real time. A "Journalist" can write today about events that happened yesterday or a week ago.
Names with and without the. A/ We do not use 'the' with names of most streets/roads/squares/parks etc.: Union Street (not 'the...') / Fifth Avenue/ Piccadilly Circus/ Hyde Park Blackrock Road/ Broadway/ Times Square/ Waterloo Bridge Many names (especially names of important buildings and institutions) are two words: Kennedy Airport/ Cambridge University The first word is usually the name of a person ('Kennedy') or a place ('Cambridge'). We do not usually use 'the' with names like these. Some more examples: Victoria Station (not 'the...') / Edinburgh Castle/ London Zoo/ Westminster Abbey/ Buckingham Palace/ Canterbury Cathedral But we say 'the White House', 'the Royal Palace', because 'white' and 'royal' are not names like 'Kennedy' and 'Cambridge'. This is only a general rule and there are exceptions. B/ Most other names (of places, buildings etc.) have names with the: These places usually have names w...
to continue your studies. Vocational school for vocational training (0,5-3 years) or professional higher education (3-4,5 years). Professional higher education institution or university`s college for professional higher education (3-4,5 years). University for academic higher education (Bachelor`s (3 years) > Master`s (2 years) > Doctorate (3-4 years)). Full-time studies take place at universities and institutions of professional higher education both free of charge and on a fee-paying basis. Most universities and colleges do not have entrance examinations. Students are accepted if they get necessary grades in their GCSEs or A levels (school leaving exams). General or vocational education is free of charge, higher education in part-time studies is on a fee-paying basis. Student in colleges of further education often take vocational qualifications to prepare
from: 1. market analysis and real estate valuation 2. price analysis 3. legal consultation, up to sales or finding best usage for your real estate. Valuation and Market Research Arco Real Estate offers valuation services since 1994. Arco Real Estate's valuators prepare market reviews about Estonian, Latvian and Bulgarian real estate markets on a regular basis. Agreements with all bigger Estonian credit institutions, which means that all banks recognize Arco Real Estate's valuation reports. Property Management Arco Real Estate has been offering property management services since 1998. Arco Real Estate offers the following property management services: 1. Classic management service 2. Consultation for development projects 3. Technical audit for buildings 4. Property management audit Real estate development Arco Real Estate started its first big real estate development
Estonia is the head of government and which includes a multy-party system. The current Estonian Prime Minister is Taavi Rõivas, who is the former Minister of Social Affairs and the head of the Estonian Reform Party. The Government of the Republic of Estonia, also known as the cabinet, carries out the country’s domestic and foreign policy, shaped by parliament. It directs and coordinates the work of government institutions and bears full responsibility for everything occuring within the authority of executive power. The government thus represents the political leadership of the country and makes decisions in the name of the whole executive power. Riigikogu or the Parliament is the single-chamber parliament of Estonia. The Parliament of Estonia is elected by people for a four-year term by proportional representation. The Estonian parliament has 101 members and influences the governing of the state primarily by
" The removal of these children from their families affected more than just a few people. In New South Wales, the government estimated that, in New South Wales alone, there were at least 8,000 Aboriginal children who had been taken away from their families between 1885 and 1996. Aboriginal children were often taken for being "neglected." The missions and reserves were often the places where the Aborigines would eventually die off. The children in the institutions were the most neglected children in Australia. Many had to sleep in dormitories with about nineteen to twenty-five other girls in each of dormitory. If any of the girls wet the bed, she would get her nose rubbed in the wet sheet and then receive a beating. The food they ate was so bad that sometimes the meat was infested with maggots. They were not supplied with shoes; in order to keep their feet warm; children would jump into the cow dung
I will try to do my best to develop good traits in myself. And of course, I would like that my patients always have been healthy and happy. My parents advised me to be a doctor too and I think this is correct. At the same time, helping people and giving them my knowledge, care and attention, I think that I will also receive a good salary. I hope that this will be so, because the doctors are always in demand and they can work in schools, hospitals and medical institutions. From my point of view, are also important conditions: clean rooms, lunch-break, pleasant environment and so on. I would like to have a holidays and sometimes bonuses, I also would like that I get on with my co- workers and we would have been friendly. To sum up, I hope that I can successfully finish my school and university and I will love my work.
ESTONIA ·Republic of Estonia is a country in Norhern Europe. Our president is Toomas Hendrik Ilves ·Territory of Estonia is 45,227 ( square kilometer) km² ·Population is 1.4 million. Estonia is one of the least-populous members of the European Union. ·The capital and largest city is Tallinn wich is in North-Estonia ·We are special because we have own language estonian ·Estonia is bordered to the north by the Gulf on Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia and to the east by Russian Federation ·Estonia is divided into 15 counties (maakond) ·In Estonia are 33 cities and several town-parish towns in the country. More than 70% of the population lives in towns. ·Estonia has summer capital it's Pärnu, autum capital it's Türi, winter capital it's Otepää ·The Estonia Theatre is an opera house and concert hall in Tallinn . It was built on 1913 ·The oldest records of...
Basic of liberalism Liberalism is one of the oldest theories and it contrasts to realism that has rather pessimistic approach not like liberalism that tries to be optimistic. The theory emerged to show the futility of war and the idea of creating a better future. You can find four types of liberalism (Jackson, 2010) but in this essay we are foucused more on institutional liberalism whereby the role of international institutions lies in transnational cooperation. Liberalists belive that international relations are based on collaborative work. Liberalism also belives that humans are naturally good. This theory is mostly influenced by Locke, Bentham and Kant (Jackson, 2010). Liberals want to remove the influence of the state in commercial relations between businesses and individuals, and the decline of national economic sovereignty is an indication that the
Estonia's oldest and most renowned university. Situated 186 km southeast of Tallinn, the city is the centre of southern Estonia. The Emajõgi river, which connects the two largest lakes of Estonia, crosses Tartu. The city is served by Tartu Airport. Tartu is also the seat of the Estonian University of Life Sciences, the Baltic Defence College, Estonian Aviation Academy , and the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research. Other notable institutions include the Supreme Court of Estonia (re-established in Tartu in autumn 1993), the Estonian Historical Archives and Estonian national theatre Vanemuine. Historical names of the town include Tarbatu,an Estonian fortress founded in the 5th century,Yuryev named c. 1030 by Yaroslav I the Wise, and Dorpat as first known by the German crusaders in the 13th century. Since Estonia regained its independence in 1991, the old town centre is being renovated. Notably, St
HISTORY • In 2003, prior to the country’s official accession to NATO, Estonia proposed the creation of a "cyber excellence center". The 2006 Riga summit listed possible cyber attacks among the asymmetric threats to the common security and acknowledged the need for programs to protect information systems over the long term. The cyber attacks on Estonia in 2007 highlighted for the first time the potential vulnerability of any NATO countries, their institutions and societies, and even NATO itself to disruption or penetration of their information and communications systems. • Estonia’s proposals for a NATO cyber excellence center received strong support from the alliance’s Secretary-General "Jaap" de Hoop Scheffer. NATO completed an assessment of the situation, partly in light of Estonia’s experience, in April 2007, and approved a NATO policy on cyber defence in January 2008. NATO’s summit communiqué in Bucharest in
There are three religious schools. The amount of private schools is quite small. Some private schools are partly funded by the state. Education becomes compulsory when a pupil turns seven until he or she has reached the age of seventeen or has graduated (usually most of the graduates are 15 or 16 year old). After satisfactory completion of basic education the pupils are obtain the Basic School Leaving Certificate and are to continue their education in gymnasium or vocational education institutions. Freedom House ranks countries' "Internet Freedom Status" in three main ways: obstacles to access, limits on content and violations of users' rights. It also factors in tertiary factors, including internet penetration and blogger arrests. Estonia got high marks in almost every category. Estonia According to Freedom House, it "ranks among the most wired and technologically advanced countries in the world. With a high internet penetration rate and widespread e-commerce and e-government
" - Ennustused, mida näeme ( tugevneb mingil faktil ) ,,The Sky is very cloudy. It's going to rain today." Modal Verbs Reported speech Can -> could Could -> had been able to May -> might Must -> had to Mustn't -> was/were not allowed to have to Had to -> had had to The Definite Article The is used before: · Nouns which unique · Names of cinemas, hotels, theatres, museums, newspapers/magazines, ships, institutions, galleries · Names of rivers, seas, groups of islands/states, mountain ranges, deserts, oceans, canals, and names or nouns with ,,of" · Musical instruments, dances · Names of families, nationalities ending in -sh, -ch or -ese, other plural nationalities are used with or without ,,the" · Titles , ,,The" is ommited before titles with proper names · Adjectives used as plural nouns and the superlative degree of adjectives/adverbs · Ülivõrre- the most beautiful
Third level Fourth level Fifth level Cape town - legislative capital - famous for its seaport - destination for tourism Bloemfontein - judicial capital - famous for its airport - private hospitals, educational institutions Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level President - Kgalema Petrus Population - 47 900 000 Motlanthe Density 42/km² Flag April 27, 1994 Coat of arms 1921
company's register of members, deal with questions of the shareholders and transfer of share- holding. In my opinion a great Secretary is who is really needed, their absence is noticed and without them it is difficult too manage the company. Secretary is the main information source, she should know everything what takes place in the company. In conclusion I think Secretary's role in business is becoming more important. After all, Secretary is the face of the company. Institutions reputation depends mostly on how well Secretary does her work. Secretary assists and advises director every day, so we could say that she is like the second director in the company.
as say learning to write but it is increasingly important in the modern world. Jobs in developed nations are becoming much more specialised and service based. You cannot (for example) just turn up at a computer software company and `learn the trade' like you could at a coal mine in years past. Skills needed today are more complex and depend on scientific and mathematical knowledge, and/or an ability to think about abstract concepts. Such understanding can only be taught in higher education institutions. The point of education is to allow opportunity. As opportunities change, so must our education systems. Also why do pay the university costs yourself is that you already have education free till the end of high school. So what do you want more from the Government? Government makes big spendings to education because they know that this is their country's future at stake. Even lunches till high school are free for everyone. Therefore there's not much reasons to complain.
London is an international transport hub, with five international airports and a large port, it has extensive underground, train, bus and taxi services. It is a major tourist destination and one of the world's most remarkable and exciting cities, with iconic landmarks including the Houses of Parliament, Tower Bridge, the Tower of London, Westminster Abbey, Buckingham Palace and the London Eye amongst its many attractions, along with famous institutions such as the British Museum and the National Gallery. About 30% of London is made up of parks and green space, that provides the perfect opportunity for walks, relaxation or sporting activities. England has the population around 50 million, London around 8 million people. The official language is British English. The national currency is the British pound that is devided into 100 pence. The government type in England is constitutional monarchy, the chief of the state is queen
12 ministers, including the prime minister. The prime minister also has the right to appoint other minister. he prime minister has the right to appoint a maximum of 3 such ministers, as the limit of ministers in one government is 15. It is also known as the cabinet. The cabinet carries out the country's domestic and foreign policy, shaped by parliament; it directs and co- ordinates the work of government institutions and bears full responsibility for everything occurring within the authority of executive power. Highest judicial power: Supreme Court. The court system is divided into three levels: courts of first instance (county and city courts and administrative courts), courts of appeal (circuit courts) and the Supreme Court which also functions as a constitutional court. Estonia has a multi-party system with numerous parties, in which no one party often has a
It feels insulting if someone says to me what I have to do especially if he or she thinks that he or she has a right to punish me if I disobey. But of course there is a different view. We need to think about, how will the others behave if they were not held back by laws. If we think about it then there might be a lot to say about the importance of political power. (Wolff, 1996) Nature condition We think that it is self-evident that we live in the world of political institutions.(Wolff, 1996) These institutions divide and make political power. They determine people to their work positions which need responsibility. That way these people say that they have right to tell us what we have to do, and if we do not agree we will be punished. We visualize nature condition as a situation where state does not exist and political power do not belong to anyone. In this situation we need to decide how can people live in this kind of conditions
work,bed when talking about the activity which normally takes place in that place or building, e.g. He Had an accident and was taken to hospital. -with the names of most towns, cities, streets, countries, islands, e.g. Milan, Italy, Jamaica -with lakes and invidual mountains, e.g. Lake Geneva, Mount Fuji -with names of streets and squares, e.g. Oxford Street, Times Square -with named building, airports, and institutions , e.g. Padua University, John F. Kennedy Airport, Coventry Cathedral DEFINITE ARTICLE (THE) 1. The definite article the is used when we are referring to something specific or already mentioned.It is used: -in front of a singular countable noun , e.g.(for example) Give me the apple. -in front of plural countable nouns, e.g. The apples I bought weren't very ripe. -in front on uncountable nouns if they are specified, e.g. The water from the bathroom tap is not very nice to drink 2
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