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BRITISH HISTORY 17TH-19TH CENTURY (0)

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BRITISH HISTORY 17TH-19TH

CENTURY SEVENTEENTH - CENTURY  ☄ When James I  became  the  first   English   king  of the  Stuart  dynasty, he was  already  king of  Scotland , so the  crowns  of  these  two countries were united. ☄ The kind of  Middle  English spoken in  lowland  Scotland had  developed  into a  written  language   known  as  Scots ☄ The  Scottish   Protestant   church  adopted English  rather   than  Scots bibles ☄ Religion  and  politics  are inextricably  linked ☄ Some people tried to  kill  the king because he  wasn 't  Catholic   enough  and  another  king had been  killedpartly  because he  seemed  too Catholic ☄ Anger  grew in the  country  at the way that the Stuart monarchs  raised   money Puritanism -  ideological  Protestantism ☄ Some of  them   thought  the luxurious lifestyle of the king and his followers was  immoral . They were also fiercely anti-Catholic and suspicious of the apparent  sympathy towards Catholicism of the Stuart monarchs. ☄ This led to The  Civil  War ☄ Victory for the parliamentary  force ☄ The king (Charles I) was captured and became the first  monarch  in  Europe  to  be executed after a  formal   trial  for  crimes  against his people. 1649
Charles I is executed. For the first and only time,  Britain   briefly  becomes a  republic  
and is called the Common  wealth .

1660
The monarchy and the Anglican religion are  restored . ☾

The church was restored.  However , the conflict  between  monarch and  Parliament  soon re-emerged
Prince  William and  Mary  became the king and the  queen  so this way it was  established  that a monarch  could   rule  only with the  support  of Parliament. ☾ Bill  of  Rights , which limited some of the powers of the monarch 1666
The Great  Fire  of London destroys most of the city's old  wooden  buildings. It also 
destroys bubonic  plague , which  never  reappears. Most of the city's  finest  churches, 
including  St Paul's  Cathedraldate  from the  period  of rebuilding which follows.

1688
The Glorious  Revolution

1690
The Presbyterian Church becomes the  official  Church of Scotland"
The  Battle  of the Boyne, in which William III and the  Ulster  Protestants  defeat  James 
II and the  Irish  Catholics.EIGHTEENTH - CENTURY ✿ Politically, this century was  stable . Monarch and Parliament got on  quite  well  together. ✿ The Whigs, were the  political  'descendants' of the parliamentarians -  supported the Protestant  values  of  hard   work  and thrift, were  sympathetic  to  Dissenters, and believed in  government  by monarch and aristocracy together. ✿ The Tories, had a  greater   respect  for the  idea  of the monarchy and the  importance  of the Anglican Church ✿ The two  terms , Whig and  Tory , had in  fact  first been used in the  late  1670s ✿ At the  beginning  of the century, by agreement, the Scottish Parliament  joined   with the English and  Welsh  Parliament at  Westminster  in London. ✿ Scotland  retained  its own system of law ✿ The only  part  of Britain to  change  radically as a  result  of political  forces  in this century was the highlands area of Scotland.  ✿ The highlands area of Scotland twice supported  failed   attempts  to put a  (Catholic) Stuart monarch  back  on the  throne  by force. ✿ inhabitants of the highlands were killed or  sent   away  from Britain and the  wearing of  highland   dress  (the tartan  kilt ) was  banned . ✿ It was a  cultural  change that was most marked in this century
✿ Britain  expanded  its  empire  in the  Americasalong  the  west  African coast, and  in India. ✿ Industrial  Revolution ✿ Hundreds of thousands of people  moved  from  rural   areas  into new towns and  cities. Most of these new towns and cities were in the  north  of  England , where the raw  materials  for the industry were  available . ✿ In the  south  of England, London  came  to dominate, not as an industrial  centre   but as a business and  trading  centre. By the end of the century, it had a  population of  close  to a million. ✿ More than a  thousand  mansions were  built  in the eighteenth century. 1746
At the Battle of Culloden, a government  army  of English and lowland Scots defeats 
the highland army of Charles Edward, who, as the grandson of the last Stuart king, 
claimed  the  British  throne.  Although  he made no attempt to  protect  his supporters 
from  revenge  afterward, he is  still  a  popular   romantic   figure  in the highlands, and is 
known as ' Bonnie  Prince  Charlie '. 1771
For the first time, Parliament  allows  written  records  of its debates to be published 
freely .

1782
James  Watt  invents the first steam  engine .

1783
After a war, Britain recognizes the independence of the American  colonies .

1788
The first British  settlers   arrive  in  Australia .

1800
The separate Irish Parliament is  closed  and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and 
Ireland  is  formed .

1805
A British  fleet  under the  command  of  Admiral   Horatio   Nelson  defeats  Napoleon 's 


French  fleet at the Battle of  Trafalgar . Nelson's  Column  in Trafalgar  Square  in London
commemorates this national  hero , who died  during  the battle. 1829
Robert  Peel , a government minister. organizes the first modern  police  force The 
police are still  sometimes  known  today  as 'bobbies'. Catholics and non-Anglican 
Protestants are  given  the right to  hold  government posts and become MPs.NINETEENTH - CENTURY  ❀ Britain had  lost  its most  important  American colonies in a war of  independence ❀ War with  France , during which an  invasion  by a French army was a  real   possibility ❀ Britain controlled the  biggest  empire the world had ever  seen ❀ One  section  of this empire was Ireland. ❆ the  potato   crop  failed two  years  in a row and  there  was a terrible  famineMillions  of peasants,  those  with Irish  Gaelic  language and  customseither  died or emigrated. ❀ Another part of the empire was made up of  Canada , Australia, and New  Zealand ❆ These countries had  complete   internal  self-government but recognized  the  overall   authority  of the British government ❀ Another was India, an enormous country with a culture more  ancient  than  Britain's. ❆ Because India was so far away, and the  journey  from Britain  took  so  long, these British officials  spent  most of their  working   lives  there and  so developed a distinctly Anglo- Indian  way of life ❆ They  imposed  British  institutions  and methods of government on the  country, and returned to Britain when they retired. ❀ Large parts of  Africa  also belonged to the empire. ❆ Except  for South Africa, where there was some British  settlement , most of Britain's African colonies  started  as trading  bases  on the coast, and  were only  incorporated  into the empire at the end of the century. ❀ The empire  included  numerous smaller areas and  islands   aswell . ❀ There was an enormous  increase  in wealth during the century, so that Britain 
became the world's foremost  economic   power . ❀ The British came to see themselves as  having  a  duty  to  spread  this culture and civilization  around  the world.

1868
The TUC (Trades Union  Congress ) is formed.

1870
Free  primary  education (up to the age of  eleven ) is established.

1886
After much  debate , an atheist is  allowed  to sit in the House of Commons.

1893
The first socialist,  Keir  Hardie, is elected to Parliament. He  enters  the House of 
Commons for the first time wearing a  cloth  cap

1902
Nationwide  selective  secondary  education is introduced.

1908
The first old-age pensions are introduced. 1911
The power of the House of  Lords  is severely  reduced . Sick pay for most  workers  is
introduced. 1914
Britain declares war on  GermanyUntil  the  1940s , the First World War was known in 
Britain as 'the Great War 1916
The ' Easter  Rising in Ireland against British rule is suppressed. Its leaders are 
executed

1918
The right to  vote  is  extended  to  include   women  over the age of  thirty .

1920
The British government partitions Ireland. Queen Victoria became an increasingly popular  symbol  of Britain's  success  in the 
world. As a hard-working,  religious   mother  of  nine   children , devoted to her  husband
Prince  Albert , she was regarded as the personification of  contemporary   morals . The 
idea that the monarch should set an example to the people in  such   matters  was 
unknown  before  this time and has created problems for the monarchy in the 
twentieth century. 
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UK ajaloo 17-19 sajand kokkuvõte. inglise keeles

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Britain history
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Britain history.

Next time they came in 43 A.D. and their leader was Emperor Claudius. Romans brought a lot with them. Their brought paved roads, the sites of important cities, the seeds of Christianity, the Roman law, Roman baths, language and advanced civilization. They also built Hadrian's Wall in 122 A.D. Romans occupied Britain for four centuries. The Roman way of life all vanished after the invasions from Northern Europe by the Angles, Saxons and Jutes from the 5th century onwards. They ruined Londinium, but they were easily turned into Christianity and religion became more and more important. The Vikings, who came in the 9th century, first raided England to plunder it, but then they decided to stay. In the 10th century England fell under Danish Rule, with King Canute finally managing to unite the Anglo-Saxons and Danes at the beginning of 11th century. Medieval England After defeating the Anglo-Saxon King Harold at the Battle of Hastings in 1066,

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Inglise keelt kõnelevate maade ajaloo eksamiküsimused
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Inglise keelt kõnelevate maade ajaloo eksamiküsimused

wanted to defeat it. He could clearly see that Britain was a threat to his latest and greatest conquest - France. He invaded Britain twice, in 55 and 54 BC. The first invasion was unsuccessful - it gained a beachhead on the coast of Kent but achieved little else. The second was more successful, the Celts asked for truce. However it wasn't a victory he had imagined and Julius Caesar never returned to Britain after that. The island was left undisturbed for nearly a century. *The Roman occupation of Britain 43-410 and its legacy ­ Britain was conquered by Emperor Claudius, the Roman rule in England lasted up to 410. The Romans left behind a huge legacy: many types of animals and plants were brought to Britain in Roman times. Roman introduced theire measurements, Christianity, reading and writing. Also, many words in English and Welsh have been borrowed from the Latin language. An important legacy of the Romans was its roads, agriculture and cities

Inglise keel kõnelevate maade ajalugu
Inglismaa ajalugu 16-20-sajand
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Inglismaa ajalugu 16-20. sajand

It was a very peaceful time, she loved theatre and plays. People had good lives and were entertained. Mary (catholic), The queen of Scots, was executed by Elizabeth I. Elizabeth had no heir. The power of the English monarch increased in this period. Bubonic plaguse killed one third of the population in England during its first outbreak and continued to reappear periodically for another 300 years. 1605 The Gunpowder plot The 17th century James I became the first English king of the Stuart dynasty, he was already James VI of Scotland so the crowns of these two countries were united The goverments continued to seperate, but the linguistic differences were lessened The kind of Middle English spoken in lowland Scotland had developed into a written language known as Scots Scottish Protesntant church adopted English Bibles.

British history (suurbritannia ajalugu)
Ingliskeelsete maade ühiskond ja kultuur-eksamiküsimused
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Ingliskeelsete maade ühiskond ja kultuur, eksamiküsimused

The business on constitutional monarchy never ends. 3. Who is the present heir to the throne? Speak about his education. Who are the 2nd and 3rd in line? Present heir is Prince Charles, The Prince of Wales. Has been an exchange student in Australia. Graduated from the university of Cambridge with BA (honors). 2nd and 3rd in line are Prince William of Wales and Prince Henry of Wales, respectively. 4. Make up your list of 5 top British people. Give your motivation. The Queen, Adele, Elton John, Shakespeare, JK Rowling. 5. Which 5 places attract visitors in Wales and Scotland? Edinburgh, Loch Ness, The Highlands, Snowdonia, Cardiff. 6. Name 6 islands, 5 rivers, 3 lakes, 3 mountains in UK. Isle of Man, Isle of Wight, Isle of Lewis, Island of Mull, Island of Arran, Anglesey Island Severn, Thames, Tweed, Avon, Trent, Dove Ben Nevis, Snowdon, Ben Macdui 7. Stonehenge.

Ingliskeelsete maade ühiskond ja kultuur
Suurbritannia ühiskond ja kultuur konspekt
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Suurbritannia ühiskond ja kultuur konspekt

5. The Angles, Saxons and Jutes. The Angles were one of the main groups that settled in Britain in the post-Roman period, founding several of the kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England, and their name is the root of the name "England". The Saxons were a confederation of Old Germanic tribes. Their modern-day descendants are generally considered ethnic Germans, Dutch or English.. Saxons participated in the Germanic settlement of Britain during and after the 5th century The Jutes were a Germanic people who were one of the three most powerful Germanic peoples of their time. They are believed to have originated from Jutland in modern Denmark. Were associated with the Saxons. The Jutes, along with some Angles, Saxons and Frisians, sailed across the North Sea to raid and eventually invade Great Britain from the late 4th century onwards, either displacing, absorbing, or destroying the native Celtic peoples there. 6. The Anglo-Saxon invasion

Suurbritannia ühiskond ja kultuur
Inglise keelt kõnelevate maade ajalugu lühikonspekt
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Inglise keelt kõnelevate maade ajalugu lühikonspekt

th western Scotland, until 10 c Mysteriously disappeared Constantly fought with Romans Teir country- Caledonia- Pictland The Scots, Hibernia Raiders, Celts living in Ireland/Hibernia Migrated to Scotland Raided Roman Britain After Kenneth McAlpin united Scotland all inhabitants became Scots The Venerable Bede A monk in the Northumbrian monastery of Jarrow In 731 ,,The Great Ecclesiastical History of the English People"- overshaows all other sources of 7th, early 8th C Well-founded scraps of tradition, first work of history, where AD system is used Angles, Saxons, Jutes. Frisians 430´s onwards, Germans settlers arrived in large numbers. Anglo-Saxon invasions in 499 The Saxons- Saxon country to South and West The Angles- Angulus to East Anglia, Jutes in Kent Same culture as southern Scandinavia, Germany, northern France

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Roman Britain
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Roman Britain

arrived with reinforcements, including artillery and elephants, for the final march to the Catuvellaunian capital, Camulodunum . The future emperor Vespasian subdued the southwest,Cogidubnus was set up as a friendly king of several territories, and treaties were made with tribes outside the area under direct Roman control.Romans built many roads and also many great bulidings like the Hadrians wall. Anglo-Saxons and Normans The history of Anglo-Saxon England broadly covers early medieval England from the end of Roman rule and the establishment of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in the 5th century until the Conquest by the Normans in 1066. Christianisation of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms began around 600 and was essentially complete by the mid 8th century. Throughout the 7th and 8th centuries, power fluctuated between the larger kingdoms. Bede records Aethelbert of Kent as being dominant at the

Inglise keel
Inglismaa
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Inglismaa

khTallinn English College The United Kingdom Topic Mari-Liis Pakats Tallinn 2008 2 Table of Contents Introduction..................................................................................................................4 Geographical Position .................................................................................................4 History .........................................................................................................................4 Government..................................................................................................................5 Queen Victoria.............................................................................................................5 Relief...............................................................................................................

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