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1) Standard and non-standard varieties of English Standard varieties of English are the varieties of the English language that are considered to be a norm and are spoken and written by the minority (educated people). This is the optimum for educational purposes. The standard varieties of English are: BrEng (British), EngEng (English), NAmEng (North-America), USEng (United States), CanEng (Canada), AusEng (Australia), NZEng (New Zealand). Standard English (British English) is the most widely accepted and understood among native speakers, learned by foreigners. It is used in broadcasting, TV, news etc. It doesn't concern pronounciation (accent), but grammar and vocabulary. It includes formal and informal styles. British Standard English grammar and vocabulary, together with the RP accent should be called English English. RP (Received Pronounciation) is an accent that originates from South-East of England. A
Varities of English Sirelin Koval YORKSHIRE ENGLISH Introduction The history of the Yorkshire variety, sometimes known as The Broad Yorkshire, or Tyke, can be traced back to 400 AD, with the arrival of Angles, Saxons, and other Germanic tribes on the mainland of Britain. Yorkshire is located in the north of today's Britain and even though allowing for boundary changes, has remained the biggest county in England. The English language has become one of the most known lingua franca. Language is used for
Bernard Shaw remarked that an Englishman only had to open his mouth to make some other Englishman despise him. What was he talking about? Would he say the same thing today? 8. In the 1930s people in middle-class neighbourhoods often reacted angrily to the building of housing estates for the working class nearby. In one area they even built a wall to separate the two neighbourhoods! This could never happen today. Why not? What has changed? 9. English class system has survived in Britain because of its flexibility. How do the social classes differentiate themselves in Britain? What is the role of language, accent, clothes, money, habits and attitudes? People in modern Britain are very conscious of class differences. They regard it as difficult to become friends with somebody from a different class although most people say they don't approve of class divisions. An interesting part of the class
1. English vowel system and its description: A vowel is a letter of the alphabet [a,e,i,o,u and sometimes y (happy)] that represents a speech sound created by the relatively free passage of breath through the larnyx and orav cavity. English has 5 vowels. Front vowels Central vowels Back vowels High/close /i:/ see /i/ sit /u:/ boot /ʊ/ book Mid /e/ bait /Ɛ:/ bird /ə/ sofa /3:/ bird /o/ boat /ɔː/ bought Low/open /æ/ bat /ʌ/ under /a:/ father /ɒ/ sock With front vowels tounge is pushed forward, with central vowels its neutral and with back vowels tongue is pushed back.
Tallinna Mustamäe Humanitargümnaasium Valeria Jefremenkova ENGLISH AS A GLOBAL LANGUAGE INGLISE KEEL KUI ÜLEMAAILMNE KEEL Research work Supervisor: Jevgenija Kozlova Tallinn 2016 1 Table of Contents СONTENT…………………………………………………………………………………...2 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………...3
problems associated to them?); language use – tenor, mode and domain (what do these notions mean and what are some problems associated to them?). Register-analysis Language user vs. language use – the two main parameters of language change. Variability in the language user is further defined by three broad parameters: 1-Time- (when?) the time when the speaker or the writer lived. For example, if you were to translate a Dickens book from english to russian, you could use the same language as did Dostoyevsky, because they lived at the same time (19th century) 2-Region- The second parameter that defines the language user is region. Region refers to where the author/speaker (sometimes character) is from. May be on a broader scale – Middle East, Western world; but also narrower – Germany, Latvia, Minnesota; and even narrower – Conrwall, London, Pärnu, etc. Problems related to region (similar to the problems covered in previous
and education. In 1973, the late Ellis Page and colleagues at the University of Connecticut programmed the first successful automated essay scoring engine, "Project Essay Grade (PEG)" (1973). The technology was foretold some six years earlier in a landmark Phi Delta Kappan article entitled, "The Imminence of Grading Essays by Computer" (Page, 1966). At the time the article was provocative and a bit outrageous, though in hindsight, it can only be deemed prophetic. As a former high school English teacher , Page was convinced that students would benefit greatly by having access to technology that would provide quick feedback on their writing. He also realized that the greatest hindrance to having secondary students write more was the requirement that, ultimately, a teacher had to review stacks of papers. While PEG produced impressive results, the technology of the time was too primitive to make it a practical application. Text had to be typed on IBM
Queen Boudica stormed London, burning it to the ground. The next heavily-planned London prospered and surpassed Colchester (another major city at the time) as the capital of the Roman province of Britannia. At its height in the 2nd century, Roman London had a population of about 60,000. However, by the 3 rd century, the city fell into a decline due to trouble in the Roman Empire and by the 5th century, it was largely abandoned. But, under the control of various English kings, London once again prospered as an international trading centre. However, Viking raids began in the late 10 th century and reached a head when they took the city under Danish king Canute and forced the then-English king to flee. Years later, following a victory at the Battle of Hastings, William the Conqueror was crowned King of England in the newly-finished Westminster Abbey in 1066. William granted the
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