Countable nouns are easy to recognize. They are things that we can count. For example: "pen". We can count pens. We can have one, two, three or more pens. Here are some more countable nouns: •dog, cat, animal, man, person •bottle, box, litre •coin, note, dollar •cup, plate, fork •table, chair, suitcase, bag Countable nouns can be singular or plural: •My dog is playing. •My dogs are hungry. We can use the indefinite article a/an with countable nouns: •A dog is an animal. When a countable noun is singular, we must use a word like a/the/my/this with it: •I want an orange. (not I want orange.) •Where is my bottle? (not Where is bottle?) When a countable noun is plural, we can use it alone: •I like oranges. •Bottles can break. We can use some and any with countable nouns: •I've got some dollars. •Have you got any pens?
a subordinate clause and a main clause. interjection hüüdsõna, A term for exclamatory words or expressive Gosh! That's quick. interjektsioon vocalisations used to express emotional reactions such as surprise, shock, delight (Oh! Ouch! Oops! Wow!). article artikkel Articles are used with nouns. There are three forms of a/an, the the article in English: the indefinite article (a/an), the definite article (the), the zero article. 3 Grammatical Terminology
ARTICLES INDEFINITE ARTICLE (A/AN) 1.The indefinite article a/an is only used in front of a singular countable noun mentioned for the first time.The is used when it is mentioned.The is used when it is mentioned a second time, e.g. I bought a jacket and a dress. The jacket was quite cheap 2.Other uses: -to talk about someone's job, e.g. She's an architect. -with numbers and fractions, e.g. a hundred, a million, a third -to mean every with expressions of time, e.g. once a week, five times a year -with What...! exclamations, e.g. What a strange person!
Indefinite Pronouns Table of Contents Some and any....................................................................... 2 No (+ Noun) and none (+ Pronoun) ........................................ 3 Every and each..................................................................... 3 Whole ................................................................................... 4 Both, either and neither ....................................................... 4 Few/a few – a little/little....................................................... 5 A lot of/lots of – much/many................................................ 5 Some, any + -body / -one, + -thing, + -where ........................ 6 Some and any Some and any mean a certain number or amount. They are used with or instead of plural or uncountable nouns. Some is a possible plural form of a/an and one: Have a biscuit/some biscuits. I bought a cake/s
flat day? When were you here? Articles Rules: 1. Rule: When you have a single, countable English noun, you must always have an article before it. We cannot say "please pass me pen", we must say "please pass me the pen" or "please pass me a pen" or "please pass me your pen". Nouns in English can also be uncountable. Uncountable nouns can be concepts, such as 'life', 'happiness' and so on, or materials and substances, such as 'coffee', or 'wood'. 2. Rule:Uncountable nouns don't use 'a' or 'an'. This is because you can't count them. For example, advice is an uncountable noun
Book 1 BASIC ENGLISH BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRAMMAR BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR Book 1 Book 1 Younger students at beginning to intermediate levels will greatly benefit from this step-by-step approach to English grammar basics. This is the ideal supplement to your language arts program whether your students are native English speakers or beginning English language learners. Skill-specific lessons make it easy to locate and prescribe instant reinforcement or intervention. · Illustrated lessons a
English structure revision for the exam 1. Terms Language → A systematic, conventional (tavakohane) use of sounds, signs or written symbols in a human society for communication and self-expression. Human language at all levels is rule- or principle- governed (valitsema) meaning that language corresponds to the grammar. Natural language is usually spoken, while language can also be encoded into symbols (such as letters, morse etc) For example: Estonian, English. Linguistics → The scientific study of human natural language. Broadly, there are three aspects to the study which are Pragmatics (studies the use of language → interested in the gap between the sentence’s meaning and the speaker’s meaning). Semantics (concerned with the meaning of the language aspects and the way they change, also how objects and language and thinking and language are related). Syntax (concerned with the rul
; grammatical categories: number, gender, case. Identifying nouns: meaning, function, form The noun phrase (NP): The NP consists of the head, which is typically a noun, and other elements which (either obligatory or optional) determine the head and (optionally) modify the head or complement another element in the phrase. The NP typically functions as the subject, object or complement of clauses and as complement of prepositional phrases. Peter likes the girl (determiner: def. article + head) the small girl (det + premodifier: adjective + head) the small girl in a black skirt (det + prem + head + postmodifier: prepositional phrase) the small girl wearing a black skirt (det + prem + head + postmodifier: non-finite clause) the small girl who is wearing a black skirt (det+prem+head + postmodifier: relative clause) her (head; the whole NP can be replaced by a pronoun)
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