Addiction and drugs (0)

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Addiction and drugs
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Table of contents
Smoking …………………………………………………………………………………..page 3
Narcotics......................................................................................................................…...page 4

Marijuana …………………………………………………………………...page 4

Ecstasy ……………………………………………………………………...page 5

Heroin………………………………………………………………………page 6

Mushrooms…………………………………………………………………page 6

LSD…………………………………………………………………………page 7
Alcohol …………………………………………………………………………………...page 7
Used sources ……………………………………………………………………………...page 8
Smoking
Smoking is a very addictive and risky hobby. So why do people start doing it in the first place ? Firstly sometimes people try their first cigarette , they like it and so they start doing it more regularly. Secondly some people start smoking because there ’s a rumour saying that it’s slimming. And another reason may be that it may relieve stress . After three or four cigarettes you get addicted to it because of nicotine. It is a drug that stimulates the brain . When the level of nicotine falls in your blood and you’re a regular smoker, you usually develop withdrawal symptoms, such as craving, anxiety , restlessness, headaches, irritability, hunger , difficulty with concentration, or just feeling awful. These symptoms are relieved by the next cigarette. Most smokers need to smoke regularly to feel normal and to prevent nicotine withdrawal symptoms. So once you start smoking it is very hard to quit . But why is smoking so harmful? Cigarettes have tar in them which contains many chemicals . These deposit in the lungs and can get into the blood vessels and are carried to other parts of the body . Cigarette smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals, including over 50 known carcinogens ( causes of cancer ) and other poisons. In addition to different kinds of cancer (mouth, nose, throat , larynx, gullet, pancreas, bladder, cervix, blood, and kidney) it also may cause heart diseases , rheumatoid arthritis, fasten your ageing and have impact on your fertility. There are also other conditions where smoking often causes worse symptoms. For example: asthma, flu, chest infections, tuberculosis, chronic rhinitis, diabetic retinopathy, hyperthyroidism, multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis, and Crohn's disease . What makes matters worse is the fact that smoking doesn’t harm only the smokers but also people around them. Those people are called passive smokers. Children who live in a home where there’s a smoker or come in contact with cigarette smoke very often are more likely than average to become smokers themselves when older. They are at increased risk of developing cancer as adults. And they also do worse at reading and reasoning skills compared with children in smoke-free homes, even at low levels of smoke exposure . Smoking also has short term consequences like your breath, clothes, hair, skin , and home smell of tobacco. You do not notice the smell if you smoke, but to non-smokers the smell is obvious and unpleasant. Your sense of taste and smell are dulled. Enjoyment of food may be reduced. Smoking is a serious problem, about 100,000 people in the UK die each year due to smoking. It is very hard to quit smoking but luckily there are things like nicotine patches and gums to help you during the process . But those things won’t help you if you lack of two most important things - willpower and determination.
Narcotics
Narcotics are dangerous and illegal . Narcotics also known as drugs have several forms . You can consume drugs in a shape of a pill, by injecting it with a needle , smoking it and even baking it into a food and then eating it. Let’s focus on five drugs – marijuana, ecstasy, heroin, mushrooms and LSD.

Marijuana
Marijuana is a green and brown mix of dried flowers, stems , seeds and leaves from the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. The main active chemical is THC (tretrahydrocannabinol), which moves quickly through the bloodstream to the brain and other organs throughout the body. Marijuana is a mild hallucinogen that can also act as a depressant or a stimulant . Many people think that it’s a plant, so it's natural, and natural is always good -right? Think again , because both natural and synthetic versions of marijuana can cause a long-lasting, negative impact on your developing brain. Some movies and music make "stoner" culture seem cool, natural and like it's not a big deal. But if being fit and getting good grades are some of your goals , using marijuana can become a big deal, fast. Marijuana limits your brain's effectiveness, slows your thinking and impairs your coordination. A number of studies have also shown an association between chronic marijuana use and increased rates of anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. You may hear people ask, "If it's dangerous, why do so many people have medical marijuana cards?" It's true that scientists have determined that the cannabis plant has the potential for addressing a range of medical conditions. But using marijuana at a young age can result in structural and functional deficits of the brain. This could cause you to develop weakened verbal and communication skills, lowered learning capabilities and a shortened attention span . In addition to the possible effects on your brain, smoking marijuana may also be hazardous to your developing lungs. Marijuana smoke contains 50% to 70% more carcinogenic hydrocarbons than tobacco smoke. You may have heard people argue that marijuana is a " gateway drug" to harder drug use. Some say this is a myth, others insist it is a fact. The truth is that there is a link. Research shows that the earlier you start using marijuana, the more likely you are to become dependent on it or other types of drugs later in life.
Marijuana is also known as : Blunt, dope, ganja, grass , herb , joint , bud, Mary Jane , pot, reefer, green, trees , smoke, sinsemilla, skunk , weed , hash, tea, chronic, 420

Ecstasy
Ecstasy's medical name is MDMA (methylenedioxy-methamphetamine). It is a synthetic, mind-altering drug that acts both as a stimulant and a hallucinogenic. Research shows that many Ecstasy tablets contain a number of other drugs that can be dangerous when combined, including methamphetamine, ketamine, cocaine, DXM and the diet drug ephedrine. Ecstasy has a rep for being a party drug. But side effects like tremors, teeth clenching and nausea, not to mention anxiety, depression and possible brain damage, will suck all the life out of any party, fast. Shortly after taking Ecstasy, you may feel confusion, depression and severe anxiety—but these effects can also show up days or weeks after taking the drug. Like any other stimulant, it will increase your heart rate and blood pressure . Physical effects of Ecstasy include tremors, teeth clenching, muscle cramps , nausea, faintness, chills, sweating and blurred vision . Ecstasy directly affects the brain chemical serotonin, and how your brain cells communicate with each other. Clinical studies show that Ecstasy can be harmful to your brain and can increase the risk of permanent problems with memory and learning. Also, taking too much Ecstasy can interfere with the body's ability to regulate its temperature. This can cause hyperthermia and can lead to liver , kidney and cardiovascular failure . The word is that Ecstasy lets you get in touch with all your senses. But what you might really "get in touch with" is the sensation of shaking, cramps, nausea, sweating and blurred vision-now, that doesn't really sound like fun. Also not fun, is the life-long damage Ecstasy can do to your brain.
Ecstasy is also known as: XTC, X, E, Adam, Eve, clarity, hug, beans , love drug, lovers' speed , peace, uppers, Molly.

Heroin
Heroin is an opiate and a highly addictive drug. It's produced from morphine, a naturally occurring substance that comes from the seedpod of the Asian poppy plant. People abuse heroin by injecting, snorting or smoking it. All three ways can cause the same level of addiction, as well as serious health problems. And each time you use, it's a lethal game of Russian roulette: infection, overdose and death are just some of the possible outcomes. Heroin enters the brain very quickly. This effect makes it very addictive. And each time you use heroin, the more you need to get high. One of the greatest risks with this drug is how extremely easy it is to become dependent. It's estimated that almost one- fourth of the people who try heroin become addicted. It's nearly impossible to know the actual strength or purity of heroin because it's often combined with toxic ingredients. This is one of the reasons why using heroin always carries the risk of infection, overdose and death. Also, heroin often has additives that will not dissolve in the bloodstream. This can easily cause a blood clot to form and travel to the lungs, liver, heart or brain, which is instantly fatal . In a short amount of time, regular heroin use destroys the body. Common conditions that plague heroin users include infection of the heart lining and valves, liver disease, lung disease, hepatitis and HIV/AIDS, from needle use. Heroin is also known as: Smack, horse , brown sugar , dope, H, junk , skag, skunk, white horse, China white, Mexican black tar

Mushrooms
The active chemical in hallucinogenic mushrooms is called psilocybin. This chemical is found in approximately 190 species of edible mushrooms. Hallucinogenic mushrooms have a high potential for abuse. And just like with marijuana, some people think that because they're natural, that means they're okay to ingest. But the truth is that hallucinogenic mushrooms are a natural poison that can harm your body and mind. Mushrooms work by disrupting how your nerve cells and the neurotransmitter serotonin interact throughout the brain and spinal cord. By changing the normal functioning of serotonin in the brain, mushrooms distort the way you process information and can make you hallucinate. When you hallucinate, it becomes difficult to tell the difference between fantasy and reality . You may see, feel and hear things that don't exist . You can also have rapid and intense emotional mood swings. This shift in perception can be frightening. It can cause panic attacks and a complete loss of contact with reality. As you can imagine , in this state of mind, it can be very easy to have a dangerous, or even fatal, accident .
5. LSD
LSD (or its full name: lysergic acid diethylamide) is a potent hallucinogen that dramatically alters your thoughts and your perception of reality. It was discovered in 1938 in a fungus that grows on rye and other grains . LSD is one of the strongest hallucinogenic drugs. It can disrupt the normal functioning of your brain, possibly for the short term, or possibly for life. By disturbing the normal functioning of the brain, LSD distorts visual judgment, sensations, moods and feelings . And these changes can quickly become frightening. Some users experience terrifying thoughts, feelings of despair, fear of losing control , fear of insanity or even death. When you're completely unable to get a grip on reality, it becomes very easy for an unexpected, fatal accident to happen. Flashbacks are a strange but relatively common experience of LSD use. Suddenly and without warning, a few days or even a year later, the brain can produce feelings and thoughts that replay the effects of being on the drug. In some people, these flashbacks can occur over and over, causing a debilitating condition known as Hallucinogen-Induced Persisting Perceptual Disorder (HPPD). Flashbacks or not, LSD users can also experience long-lasting psychoses (a complete loss of contact with reality) or severe depression.
LSD is also known as: Acid, blotter, cubes, microdot, yellow sunshine, blue heaven, Cid.
Alcohol
Alcohol is a depressant derived from the natural fermentation of fruits , vegetables and grains. These are brewed and distilled into a wide range of beverages with various alcohol contents. The damage it does now can impact the rest of your life. You may hear that it will loosen you up and help you relax. What you may not hear is that it can damage the part of your brain that controls coordination, memory, judgment and decision - making . Straight up, drinking makes you dumber—you may slur your words and lose coordination, and your reactions will become slower. Alcohol travels through your bloodstream and damages your brain, stomach, liver, kidneys and muscles. As a teenager, your body is still developing, so damage done to it now will affect the rest of your life. Over time, drinking destroys your body and your looks, so all that work you've done to look good, keep strong and stay fit goes down the drain fast.
Alcohol is also called: Drink, booze, brew, hooch , moonshine.
Used sources
EMIS. 2011. Smoking- The Facts. Available at http://www.patient.co.uk/health/Smoking-The-Facts.ht m, accessed November 24, 2011.
National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign. 2011. Available at http://www.abovetheinfluence.co m, accessed November 27, 2011.
Wikipedia. 2011. Narcotic. Available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcotic , accessed November 27, 2011.
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A short summary about smoking, drinking and the use of drugs such as marijuana, LSD, ecstasy, heroin and mushrooms.

addiction and drugs inglise keel referaat smoking marijuana ecstasy mushrooms hallucinogen smoker

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcotic

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Drugs and how they affect your health.

Drugs are chemicals that change the way a person's body works. You've probably heard that drugs are bad for you, but what does that mean and why are they bad? Medicines Are Legal Drugs If you've ever been sick and had to take medicine, you already know about one kind of drugs. Medicines are legal drugs, meaning doctors are allowed to prescribe them for patients, stores can sell them, and people are allowed to buy them. But it's not legal, or safe, for people to use these medicines any way they want. Cigarettes and Alcohol Cigarettes and alcohol are two other kinds of legal drugs. (In Estonia, adults 18 can buy cigarettes and alcohol.) But smoking and excessive drinking are not healthy for adults and off limits for kids. Nicotine is the drug in tobacco leaves

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Drugs and addiction

Addictions summary 2011 Table of contents 1. Addictions 3 Drug addiction 3 Behavioural addiction 3 2. Drug addictions 3 Smoking 3 Drinking alcohol 4 Doing drugs 4 3. Behavioral addictions 4 Playing video games 4 Use of the internet 5 Cutting 5 4

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Alcohol

leaving residual cirrhosis. Alcoholic hepatitis is an acute illness often characterized by nausea, vomiting,abdominal pain, fever, jaundice, enlarged and tender liver, and an elevation of the white blood cell count. Sometimes alcoholic hepatitis may be present without symptoms. Once it develops, it progresses to cirrhosis if alcohol comsumption continnues. Alcoholic cirrhosis is permanent scar tissue, called cirrhosis, forms when the liver cells are damaged by alcohol or drugs. Continued use of alcohol will cause additional scarring and serious health problems. Some people are more culnerable than others to this disease, which occurs in 10% to 15% of prople who consume large amounts of alcohol over a long period of time. CANCER UPPER DIGESTIVE TRACT The strongest link with alcohol involves cancers of the upper digestive tract, including: -esophagus -mouth -pharynx -larynx.

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Decriminalizing Cannabis in Estonia

deaths by fentanyl are raising and current drug policy is not doing its job. According to the most recent data, Estonia's overdose mortality rate is seven times the average in the EU. This is a big concern for a country as little as Estonia, and also a reason why the decriminalizing cannabis topic has grown so popular lately. Cannabis, as a soft drug, is criminalized in Estonia and that fact leads people to go after stronger drugs because by the law they are on the same scale. The popularity of “China white” is growing in Estonia, as it is so easily accessible, but so does the mortality rate because it is very easy to overdose on fentanyl. Estonia should re- form its drug policy because stricter laws and punishments do not change society for the better and current drug policy is not showing any positive effect either. The reason why Estonia should consider decriminalizing cannabis is that the history of

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Caffeine

44 remedies. Caffeine Tasks 1. Read through the article and decide whether the statements below are true on false. Provide line numbers giving proof about your decisions. 1) Caffeine can be found only in one plant. 2) Caffeine is generally used only in food and drinks production. 3) Among American people caffeine is one of the most popular drugs. 4) Hormones stimulated by nerve cells after consuming caffeine lead to the glucose releasing. 5) Toxic doses of caffeine are not yet known. 6) Normal consumption of caffeine has almost no risks for health. 7) Flushed face is not really caused by consuming too much caffeine. 2. Match the words from the text with their explanations. The number In the brackets shows the paragraph where the word occurred. 1) Isolated (1)

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Cannabis

Deivid Armulik Kadrina Secondary School 2015  Genus of flowering plants  Including three different species – Cannabis sativa, indica and ruderalis  Indigenous to Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent  Hemp fibre  Help oils  Medical purposes  Recreational drug  Aka Marijuana  Preparation of the Cannabis plant intended for use as a psychoactive drug or medicine  Mostly used recreationally or as a medical drug  Also religious or spiritual rites  Most widely used illegal drug in UK CONSUMED FOR EFFECTS  Mental and physical  Decrease in short- effects time memory  Heightened mood  Dry mouth  Relaxation  Impaired motor skills  Increase in appetite  Red eyes  Feelings of paranoia or anxiety  Reduce nausea and vomitting during chemotherapy  To impro

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Drug addiction Definition ● Drug addiction, also called substance use disorder, is a dependence on a legal or illegal drug or medication. Keep in mind that alcohol and nicotine are legal substances, but are also considered drugs. Consequences of using drugs ● Drug addiction can cause serious, long-term consequences, including problems with physical and mental health, relationships, employment, and the law. Best known drugs ● Cannabis ● Heroin ● Cocaine ● LSD ● Ecstasy Cannabis ● Weed effects include losing interest in health, life, school activities, old friends and goals. Heroin ● Heroin is highly addictive and dangerous. Heroin is injected by a needle which usually is used by many addicts, which causes diseases like HIV to spread. Cocaine ● Cocaine is mostly used because of it's mental

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Bad Habits Of Youth

fascinate a lot. It even fascinates me as well, as I am also part of a youth. It is not important that only youth is attracted to such things even our elders are as you must have heard this line "Negative attracts more than positive". Now why am I focusing on youth only then? Because youth is the future of our country. It becomes our duty to remove the bad habits of youth. In the start I have given you the outline of the most common bad habit of youth. It is drug addiction of course, it could be smoking and drinking and then it leads a person to the extreme drug addiction. You loose your senses when you don't get proper dose of drugs on time, and time by time your body starts needing more drugs. Your brain starts needing it for keeping your emotions in control. There are several reasons of adopting this habit. Bad habits of youth only start here. The second I want to mention is the craze of drifting this is for boys, as boys do it in majority. Due to lack of law

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