Health (1)

Põhikool - Keeled - Inglise keel

5 VÄGA HEA

Table of contents

Introduction

HHHistory
2.1. Early Hospitals
2.2 Recent developments

The National Health Service

Diseases

First Aid

Medicine and elements of medical care

Doctors

Ways of keeping health

Conclusion

Used materials
1. Introduction
The human body is just like a machine with many parts. Each part has a special job, and all the parts work together to keep you alive and healthy. Good health is one of the most important things in life. There are certain things we can do to stay healthy. We should eat a balanced diet that includes the right kinds of food and drink plenty of clean , fresh water. We should exercise regularly, strengthening our muscles and keeping us in shape. Exercise helps the blood circulate around our bodies, cleaning out waste and supplying plenty of oxygen . It is also important what we get enough sleep . The number of hours we sleep we need depend on our age. Young babies sleep for 20-22 hours each day, whereas older people often need only 6-7 hours.
2.1 Early hospitals
The earliest known institutions aiming to provide cure were Egyptian temples .
In ancient times temples dedicated to the gods of healing used to have a hospital area. Sick people came there to pray and be treated. Later in the Middle Ages hospitals attached to monasteries were run by monks and nuns . The oldest hospital still in existence is in Paris . It was founded in 800’s A.D. In the 1700’s European cities began to build hospitals. They were charity hospitals for the poor and sick, as the rich people were treated at home. The early hospitals were dark , crowded and very dirty, so it was very likely to be infected even more, when you went to be cured. The first hospital in Estonia was the hospital of Saint John, first mentioned in 1237. It was for the people who had leprosy.
2.2 Recent developments
Many scientific advances have helped to improve patient care. Surgical and intensive care units now use electronic equipment . Modern hospitals are full of advanced equipment such as X-ray machines , ultrasound scanners and life- support machines. Computers help hospitals keep laboratory and medical records. Hospitals use many disposable items for safety such as plastic thermometers, and hypodermic syringes and steel needles. They are used only once , so they cannot spread infection. Scientists have also discovered all kinds of important drugs, such as antibiotics, and certain diseases, including tuberculosis and smallpox, have been almost wiped out. Antibiotics are substances, produced by living things, that are poisonous to harmful bacteria , but no the patient. The most important antibiotic is penicillin.
Doctors can now also transplant organs such as the heart and the kidneys.
3. The National Health Service
The National Health Service was established in Britain after World War II. The government funds it. All taxpayers contribute to its support through insurance payment. NHS made it possible that the benefits once available only for insured persons, or those who could afford it or as a form of charity, became available to everyone. The patient is free to choose his doctor , and change to another if he wishes to do so. The doctor may accept private patients while taking part in the service. About 97% of the whole population of Great Britain is using the service. Only persons whose names are on the medial register can parties as doctors in the NHS. The minimum qualification for registration requires, for a doctor 5 to 7 years ’ training in the medical school and hospital, for a dentist 4 years at a dental school.
4. Diseases
Today many diseases are well known and can be cured. Such diseases are flu, pneumonia , bronchitis, quinsy, measles and many others . But besides falling ill with one of those diseases, you may hurt yourself in many other ways. You may sprain your ankle , break your leg, cut your finger of graze your knee. You may also have a nosebleed or a heart attack
Quite a number of diseases are infectious. We can get these diseases from people already ill with the disease or infected food or animals . Most common infectious diseases are such children ’s diseases as measles, mumps , scarlet fever and chicken pox. Some diseases have become more rare because children and grown -ups can be vaccinated against them for example polio, diphtheria, smallpox. Tuberculosis (TB) was almost stamped out, but now it is returning, having become resistant to many medicines that were used to cure it years ago. The most infectious disease in the Middle Ages was plague , now AIDS has replaced it. It is a serious problem and kills millions of people every year . This is a disease that cannot be cured yet but scientists and doctors are working on this problem.
Not all the diseases are infectious. A very widely spread present -day trouble is allergy. Allergy means that people are over-sensitive to certain things, such as some kind of food, medicines, dust etc.
Many people suffer from heart diseases. It is not rare that a person has a heart attack or a stroke . These troubles and neuroses are often caused by stress and by the quick tempo of our life. Cancer is still a major problem, in many cases not curable. It is a disease that causes cells in the body to grow uncontrollably. There are about 100 different kinds of cancer.
In winter we have coughs and colds . This is because of the low temperature, which makes our organisms weak and more vulnerable to diseases.
Drugs help patients fight diseases or relieve pain, such as aspirin and ibuprofen.
5. First aid
Most accidents happen at home. Many people die because their family doesn’t know how to help them. So everyone should learn the basic things about first aid. Many poisonous things can be found in our bathrooms and under the kitchen sinks. If we have children at home it would be better to put dangerous things out of their reach. If still and accident has happened we must call for an ambulance. We must tell what has happened to the person, tell the person’s age, home address. In case of poisoning we must save the bottle, tell the person’s age and weight .
6. Medicine and elements of medical care
Medicine is the science and art of healing. It is a since because it’s based on knowledge gained through careful study and experimentation. It is an art because it depends on how skilfully doctors and other medical workers apply this knowledge when dealing with patients. The goals of medicine are to save lives and relieve suffering. Many thousands of men and women , who work in the medical profession, spend their lives taking care of the sick. When disaster strikes, hospital workers give emergency aid to the injured. Medical care consists of three main elements: the diagnosis of disease, the treatment of disease; and the promotion of health and prevention of disease.
7. Doctors
Doctors have detailed knowledge of the human body and are specially trained in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease. For this reason , they take the responsibility for making all major decisions regarding the care of patients. Doctors can be divided into two main groups: general practitioners and specialists . GPs provide care for every member of the family, regardless of age. Other doctors specialize in a particular field of medicine. Neurologists, for example, specialize in disorders of the nervous system, psychiatrists treat mental illnesses, oncologists specialize in treatment of tumours in the body etc.
Doctors could not do their job without the help of many skilled professionals. Nurses, for example, work closely with doctors in the clinics , hospitals, and medical centres, Nurses also provide many services to patients independent of doctors. Various kinds of therapists give special treatments as ordered by the doctor, other skilled workers serve in clinics, medical laboratories, X-ray departments and operating theatres.
8. Ways of keeping health
There's a lot of discussion these days about fitness . Being fit is a way of saying a person eats well, gets a lot of physical activity (exercise), and has a healthy weight. If you're fit, your body works well, feels good, and can do all the things you want to do, like run around with your friends .
So - being fit means being healthy.
There are some rules to live by, if you want to have good health.
Eat a variety of foods , especially fruits and vegetables. Without food, nothing can live. It gives us the energy to move and stay warm and keeps our bodies healthy. The three main kinds of human food are proteins, fats and carbohydrates. We also need certain minerals and vitamins. A balanced diet – one that includes all those things – is necessary for good health. You may have a favorite food, but the best choice is to eat a variety. If you eat different foods, you're more likely to get the nutrients your body needs . Taste new foods and old ones you haven 't tried for a while. Some foods, such as green veggies, are more pleasing the older you get. Shoot for at least five servings of fruits and vegetables a day — two fruits and three vegetables.
Drink water and milk most often. When you're really thirsty, cold water is the No. 1 thirst-quencher. And there's a reason your school cafeteria offers free milk. You need calcium to grow strong bones, and milk is a great source of this mineral . How much do you need? Aim for 3 cups of milk per day, or its equivalent . You can mix it up by having milk and some other calcium-rich dairy foods.
You probably will want something other than milk or water once in a while, so it's OK to have 100% juice, too. But try to limit sugary drinks , like sodas, juice cocktails, and fruit punches. They contain a lot of added sugar . Sugar just adds calories, not important nutrients.
Listen to your body. What does it feel like to be full? When you're eating , notice how your body feels and when your stomach feels comfortably full. Sometimes, people eat too much because they don't notice when they need to stop eating. Eating too much can make you feel uncomfortable and, over a period of time, can lead to unhealthy weight gain.
Limit screen time. Limit screen time. What's screen time? It's the amount of time you spend watching TV or DVDs, playing video games (console systems or handheld games), and using the computer. The more time you spend on these sitting-down activities , the less time available for active stuff, like basketball, bike riding, and swimming . Try to spend no more than 2 hours a day on screen time, not counting computer use related to school.
Be active Figure out which activities you like best. Not everyone loves baseball or soccer . Maybe your passion is karate, or kickball, or dancing. Find ways to be active every day. You might think of going to your doctor as something you do only when you're sick or maybe once a year for a checkup, but your body works hard when you run fast , kick, throw , swim , and tumble. That's why a sports physical is important, especially when you're just starting to swim competitively, do gymnastics, or play a team sport , such as soccer, baseball, football , or basketball.
10. Conclusion
There is nothing more important than good health, money can’t buy it. No-one can think of being healthy as doing all the things you don’t like – that is not right! Staying healthy could be fun and good too, if you only know how to.
11. Used materials
“A-Z Encyclopedia” The Kingfisher
Materials on sheets

.DOC Laadi alla originaalfail 5 lk · .doc · 42 allalaadimist

50 punkti Autor soovib selle materjali allalaadimise eest saada 50 punkti.

~ 5 lehte Lehekülgede arv dokumendis

2008-05-08 Kuupäev, millal dokument üles laeti

42 laadimist Kokku alla laetud

1 arvamus Teiste kasutajate poolt lisatud kommentaarid

destiny Õppematerjali autor

Põhjalik referaat, punktide kaupa, hea grammatika

Sarnased õppematerjalid

doc

Health topic

Topic Health Introduction Good health is very important for us. We should do everything we can to stay healthy. Being in good health means having our body and mind in good working order, free from disease and pain. Ways of keeping health There are many ways for keeping health. To stay healthy we should eat right foot, dress comfortably, spend much time in fresh air, have enough rest, keep ourselves clean and have regular checkups with the doctor and the dentist. A big part of prevention of diseseases is sporting. Poeple need to have phsical exercise. If they can not have it, they will get stressed and they will be infected with dieseases much easier. For example it would be good to run every day for some time. That way one probably

Inglise keel

doc

Topic - Health

Health 2007 1. Introduction Health is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of an organism at both the cellular and social level. In the medical field, health is commonly defined as an organism's ability to succesfully respond to challenges and effectively restore and keep a so-called ,,state of balance". 2. History · Early hospitals During the Middle Ages the hospital could serve other functions, such as an almshouse for the poor, or hostel for pilgrims. In ancient cultures, religion and medicine were linked. The earliest known institutions aiming to provide cure were Egyptian temples. Greek temples

Inglise keel

pdf

Unit 4 HEALTH AND CARE

suitable for modern needs or conditions - used to show they grow disheartened. disapproval [= outdated]: antiquated laws; ajast ja 21.disillusioned (by/with) adj - [,disi'lu:()nd] arust, iganenud disappointed because you have lost your belief that 5. awareness n - ['wens] knowledge or understanding someone is good, or that an idea is right: As she grew of a particular subject or situation: Health officials have older, Laura became increasingly disillusioned with tried to raise awareness (=improve people's politics. knowledge) about AIDS. teadlikkus 22.disorient(at)ing adj - [,dis':rinteitin] confusing you 6. avert v - prevent something unpleasant from and making you not certain about what is happening häppening: It may already be too late to avert another around you: Lack of sleep can be disorienting.

Inglise keel

The 4-Hour Body - An Uncommon Guide to Rapid Fat-Loss-Incredible Sex-and Becoming Superhuman - Timothy Ferriss

574

pdf

The 4-Hour Body - An Uncommon Guide to Rapid Fat-Loss, Incredible Sex, and Becoming Superhuman - Timothy Ferriss

Published in the United States by Crown Archetype, an imprint of the Crown Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York. www.crownpublishing.com Crown Archetype with colophon is a registered trademark of Random House, Inc. All registered trademarks in this book are property of their respective owners. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ferriss, Timothy. The 4-hour body / Timothy Ferriss. -- 1st ed. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Health. 2. Physical fitness. 3. Weight loss. I. Title. II. Title: Four-hour body. RA775.F47 2010 613.7--dc22 2010018533 eISBN: 978-0-307-46365-4 All illustrations by Fred Haynes/Hadel Studio, unless otherwise noted in the Photo and Illustration Credits section Jacket front-flap photos: (top) (c) Mark Reifkind; (bottom) (c) Photos taken by Inge Cook, provided courtesy of Ellington Darden, PhD v3.1 For my parents, who taught a little hellion that marching to a different drummer was a good thing

Inglise keel

docx

Drugs and how they affect your health.

Drugs are chemicals that change the way a person's body works. You've probably heard that drugs are bad for you, but what does that mean and why are they bad? Medicines Are Legal Drugs If you've ever been sick and had to take medicine, you already know about one kind of drugs. Medicines are legal drugs, meaning doctors are allowed to prescribe them for patients, stores can sell them, and people are allowed to buy them. But it's not legal, or safe, for people to use these medicines any way they want. Cigarettes and Alcohol Cigarettes and alcohol are two other kinds of legal drugs. (In Estonia, adults 18 can buy cigarettes and alcohol.) But smoking and excessive drinking are not healthy for adults and off limits for kids. Nicotine is the drug in tobacco leaves. Whether someone smokes, chews, or sniffs tobacco, he or she is delivering nicotine to the brain. Each cigarette contains about 10 milligrams of nicotine. Nicotine is what keeps people smoking despite its harmful effects. Because t

Inglise keel

docx

A letter and an essay

by changing important habitats but will also contribute to soil erosion and leaching. Thus, crop yields are expected to continue to drop in coming decades, resulting in widespread famine. Moreover, many regions will face dwindling water supplies as the result of shrinking glaciers and snowpack, evaporation, and the infiltration of salt water. Acute food and water shortages will presumably bring about manifold health problems. To summarise the situation, having no visible manifestation, global warming has been affecting the earth for quite a while now; the effects of climate change, while not immediate, are potentially catastrophic. I would describe global warming as `an environmental time bomb ticking away.' Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing in the hope that you can help me with a problem regarding a camera that I have bought recently.

Inglise keel

doc

Art of Healing: present and future

Art of Healing: present and future Health is very important for people. They try to keep themselves healthy because otherwise they would feel miserable. People watch carefully what they eat and many go to regular check-ups. But still people get ill, even the healthiest people catch a cold sometimes. Nothing can prevent accidents to happen. The people who are ill or some kind of an accident has happened to them need help. Medicine is the science and art of healing. It is a science because it is based on knowledge gained

Inglise keel

pdf

ENGLISH TOPICS - palju teemasid inglise keele riigieksami kordamiseks

It operates through local branches in colleges and universities. It promotes the educational, social and general interests of students. But certainly the most numerous is the Scout Association, founded in 1908 for boys and in 1910 for girls by Lord Baden-Powel. The Scout movement is to encourage a sense of adventure and of responsibility for others among young people. The programme of training is planned to develop intelligence and practical skills, to promote health and a sense of service. Scout training is complementary to the ordinary education. Scouts train in mapping, signalling, first aid and all the skills that arise from camping and similar outdoor activities. British scouts take part in international scout meetings, which are held approximately every four years. The membership in this or that youth organization is not compulsory in Great Britain. But everyone can find the activity he likes most. Climate in Great Britain

Inglise keel

Rohkem sarnaseid