Latin, works in Old, Middle, and Modern English, each of which represents a different period Full of great works British works in Latin Venerable Bede He lived between 673 and 735 AD The greatest of all the AngloSaxon scholars He's the earliest English historian, whose work has shed light on a period of English history that would have otherwise been unknown ,,The Father of English History" Wrote / translated about 40 books on almost every area of knowledge, i.e. nature, astronomy, and poetry His best known work is "The Ecclesiastical History of the English People" Starting with the Roman invasion in the 5th century, he recorded the history of the English up to his own day Old English Cædmon ,,The Father of English Hymn" Cædmon's Hymn is the oldest recorded Old English poem, and also one of the oldest surviving samples of Germanic alliterative verse The Hymn itself was composed between 658 and 680, recorded in the earlier part of the 8th century Middle English
Middle ages – English becomes a literary language. Geoffrey Chaucer (1343–1400) – Father of English literature, The Canterbury Tales in English, increased the prestige of the language, provided a standardised form. The Canterbury Tales: frame story. Majority in verse, some prose. Intended to contain 124 stories, only finished 24. Story: a pilgrimage to Canterbury Cathedral, where archbishop Thomas Becket had been murdered. The stories present a portrait of medieval society, e.g. a knight, a student, a monk, a miller (a flour maker at a mill), a wife
English literature from the Baroque to the Romanticism 1. The Jacobean Masque The development of the cultural scene in England brought about the Jacobean masque. The courtly culture became gradually more distant and isolated from the public. Ben Jonson was to become the poet who would write masques for the court. He would, in his masques, try to represent the idea of kingship as it resided in the Platonic realm, and not its reality. Jonson’s aim was also to be educative. Inigo Jones, Jonson’s collaborator, was the one to revolutionize in the field of visual perception, also adding moving machinery and a manipulation of artificial light to the scenery. Jones also viewed the masque as something to be used in educating people. This idea
The Romantic Age. Began in the 18th century. There are some disagreements about when the period began so we can't say the exact year of the beginning. Characteristics of Romantic age: The Romantic Age is a term used to describe life and literature in England in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. -Imagination was very important Like William Blake an English poet has said "I know that this world is a World of Imagination and Vision" -Belief and appreciating nature -Independency Writers placed the individual, rather than society, at the center of their vision. The assertion of nationalism became a central theme of Romantic age. Literature Emergence of new ideas and positive voices. Emphasis was women and children, the heroic isolation of the artist or narrator, and respect for nature. Some writings were also based on the supernatural.
Main aims were to restore old things; make new things more like Gothic (old); displaying old things etc. · What was the ides behind the creation of the public park? In towns there was a need for "green lungs"; air of the city was problematic; people had a place to go on a free day (people started to work 6 days in a week- 1 day off); a place for different classes to mingle and mix (Georgian/landscape park with Romantic/pleasure garden etc.) 3) Lord Tennyson and Victorian poetry · What was his main source of inspiration? He was inspired by romantic authors, especially Keats; another source was King Arthur and Arthurian Tales; (also inspired by nature many descriptions of nature, in many works discussed the role of man and woman in society; morbid themes/deaths etc.); · His works: Collection ,,Poems", ,,The Epic. Morte d'Arthur", ,,Idylls of a King", ,,The Holy Grail", ,,In Memoriam A.H.H" · Other important Victorian poets:
the country. Court in cultural isolation. Ben Jonson. King and courtiers were close to universally recognised ideal types (conflict with the reality). Mysticism. Emergence of perspective view, stage machinery, artificial light, revolution. The stage cast the monarch in the focal point (the lines of perspective of the stage met there. Inigo Jones. Masque an educative vehicle, towards classical antiquity and architecture. Tide towards absolute monarchy. Masque – linked poetry and moral philosophy into art. Music, dance, poetry, lavish illusionistic scenic display to express the doctrines of divine kingship. Great impact. Like gods come down to earth. 2. The Caroline masque Charles decided on subject matter, and acted and danced in masques. Now the regal divinity even more obvious. Ben Jonson. Divine minds of this incomparable pair. Arts role – to set a noble ideals, to strengthen practice of virtue. He and queen living incarnations of ideals
earn is for them to keep. There are no Kings or Dictators ruling the lower class. There is a huge amount of personal and financial freedom to be gained in American during this time. Crevecoeur states that "each person works for himself". American became a classless society during the Enlightenment period where each individual was allowed as much room to grow as needed. The Age of Romanticism. The early romantic writers. Washington Irving as a transitional figure from the traditions of the Enlightenment to those of Romanticism. Romanticism (or the Romantic era/Period) was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1840. Partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, it was also a
colonisation to Englishmen back in the homeland. An example of this form of writing is John Smith's A True Relation of Virginia, which is widely recognized to be the first example of Am lit. The early years of colonisation produced a mass of utilitarian writings including biographies, accounts of voyages, diaries, sermons, pamphlets. Much of the material addressed the problems of Church and State. There were few examples of fiction, poetry or drama. Anne Bradstreet of Massachusetts published some lyrical poems of high literary quality (1650) and Edward Taylor, who was born in England but lived in Boston, wrote some poetry in the style of John Donne and the metaphysical poets. All 17 th cent Am writings were, both in content and form, similar to English lit of the same period. The great literary figures of the 18th cent were Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790), Thomas Paine (1737-1809) and Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826).
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