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2014-03-16
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English literature is one of the oldest literatures in Europe; dates back to the 6th century AD. Oral literature, i.e. not written down, spread from person to person. In 449 AD Anglo-‐Saxon tribes invaded England – beginning of the Anglo-‐Saxon period in English literature. The first form of literature was folklore, carried by scops and gleemen, who
the early years of the Colony they founded. Written between 1620 and 1647, the journal describes the story of the Pilgrims from 1608, when they settled in the Netherlands, through the 1620 Mayflower voyage, until the year 1647. The book ends with a list, written in 1650, of Mayflower passengers and what happened to them. The Age of Reason The Age of Reason: Being an Investigation of True and Fabulous Theology , a deistic treatise written by eighteenth-century British radical and American revolutionary Thomas Paine, critiques institutionalized religion and challenges the inerrancy of the Bible. Published in three parts in 1794, 1795, and 1807, it was a bestseller in America, where it caused a short- lived deistic revival. British audiences, however, fearing increased political radicalism as a result of the French revolution, received it with more hostility. The Age of Reason presents
of all time. William Makepeace Thackeray William Makepeace Thackeray was an English novelist of the 19th century. He was famous for his satirical works, particularly Vanity Fair, a panoramic portrait of English society. Thackeray, an only child, was born in Calcutta, India, where his father, Richmond Thackeray (1 September 1781 13 September 1815), held the high rank of secretary to the board of revenue in the British East India Company. William had been sent to England earlier, at the age of five, with a short stopover at St. Helena where the imprisoned Napoleon was pointed out to him. He was educated at schools in Southampton and Chiswick and then at Charterhouse School, where he was a close friend of John Leech. He disliked Charterhouse, parodying it in his later fiction as "Slaughterhouse." Illness in his last year there (during which he reportedly grew to his full height of 6'3")
and Miss Jane Marple, an elderly spinster. He has written stories likeThe Murder of Roger Ackroyd (1926), Murder on the Orient Express (1934), Funerals Are Fatal (1953), The Pale Horse (1962), Elephants Can Remember (1973), and Curtain (1975). Her plays like The Mousetrap (1952), is one of the longest-running plays in theatrical history.Christie also published novels under the pseudonym Mary Westmacott. Gerald Durrell · Gerald Durrell(19121990)was a British novelist and poet.His life in Greece and Egypt provided inspiration for most of his writing. His major work is the inventive tetralogy,The Alexandria Quartet:Justine (1957), Balthazar (1958), Montolive (1958), and Glea (1960). His Collected Poems appeared in 1980. William Golding · William Golding (19111993) was an English novelist. He achieved fame with his allegorical debut novel Lords of Flies (1954).He has written
century and the humanist period during the Renaissance, the Enlightenment took scientific reasoning and applied it to human nature, society, and religion. American Enlightenment a gradual but powerful awakening that established the ideals of democracy, liberty, and religious tolerance in the people of America. If there were just one development that directly caused the American Revolution and uplifted the intellectual culture of the continent while it was only a British colony, it would be the American Enlightenment. Broadly, the Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that changed the fundamental perspective of the masses, urging them to foster skepticism and apply scientific principles in matters of religion and morality. Its chief values were: Liberty, Democracy, Republicanism, Religious Tolerance. The movement gained momentum with the publication of landmark texts like Thomas
1817 Hymn to Intellectual Beauty 1817 The Revolt of Islam is a poem cantered on two characters named Laon and Cythna, who initiate a bloodless revolution against the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. Despite its title, the poem does not have anything to do with Islam in particular, though the general subject of religion is addressed. 1920 Prometheus Unbound is a four-act poetic play concerned with the torments of the Greek mythological figure Prometheus and his suffering at the hands of Zeus. It is inspired by Aeschylus's Prometheus Bound and concerns Prometheus' release from captivity. However, unlike Aeschylus' version, there is no reconciliation between Prometheus and Zeus in Shelley's narrative. Instead, Zeus is overthrown, which allows Prometheus to be released. 1821 A Defence of Poetry is an essay, first published posthumously in 1840. It was written in response to his friend
Much of the material addressed the problems of Church and State. There were few examples of fiction, poetry or drama. Anne Bradstreet of Massachusetts published some lyrical poems of high literary quality (1650) and Edward Taylor, who was born in England but lived in Boston, wrote some poetry in the style of John Donne and the metaphysical poets. All 17 th cent Am writings were, both in content and form, similar to English lit of the same period. The great literary figures of the 18th cent were Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790), Thomas Paine (1737-1809) and Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826). The common sense and witty aphorisms of Franklin's popular Poor Richard's Almanac series appealed to colonial readers. Franklin also wrote effectively on the question of allegiance to the British crown but it was his protégé, Thomas Paine, who inspired colonists during the dark days of the Revolution with his stirring pamphlet
(Coursebook, pp. 38-42) 3. The 17th-century 'metaphysical' poetry (Donne, Quarles, Herbert, Crashaw, Vaughan, Marvell). It could be said that it was John Donne who laid the foundations for the development of metaphysical poetry. When compared to the poets of the past, Donne’s style was unique. His works are filled with vivid metaphors and religious references. In his poems, Donne focused mainly on thoughtful argumentation. Francis Quarles was another important figure in the development of metaphysical poetry. His most famous works include books like Emblemes, Hieroglyphikes, Life of Man. While Quarles continued in the steps of Donne, George Herbert focused more on religion in terms of theme. His body of work is filled with Christian imagery, ideas, and influence. Richard Crashaw was a metaphysical poet whose works are full of emotional intensity. His main theme was, similarly to Herbert, was religion. Another poet whose
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