ENGLISH LITERATURE Ancient Britain Lived on the British Isles in the 1st millenium. They most probably came from Eastern Europe and belonged to the Celtic race and also spoke Celtic. They were primitive hunters- gatherers, farmers. Some Celtic words are still used in modern English, however they are used mostly in place names. For example: · avon river · cumb valley · ford shallow place in the river Ancient Britons had their own religion and priests or druids and temples. In the year 55 BC Britain became a Roman province. Romans were highly developed and had their own language latin, which has also greatly influenced English. The military occupation of the Isles ended in 410 AD
He shows a very rich and leisurely portrayal of this Baltic world, providing many customs like the close relationship between lord and man in the war-band and others. All this encouraged the supposition that the unknown author of the poem was himself a bard of the ancient type portrayed within the poem (a lord's scoop). However, many people propose that the author could be Christian poet, perhaps a monk, versed not only in old native traditions, but also in the culture and literature of the Latin Church, and whose purpose of writing was highly moral. For example, the fate is a `providentia' and the monster Grendel is an embodiment of evil fighting against Christian militant. This contrast corresponds to the poem itself. The poet is looking back from his own Christian times to an old society with different customs and beliefs. The poem is set, as it is announced in the very first line: `in days gone by'
English literature is one of the oldest literatures in Europe; dates back to the 6th century AD. Oral literature, i.e. not written down, spread from person to person. In 449 AD Anglo-‐Saxon tribes invaded England – beginning of the Anglo-‐Saxon period in English literature. The first form of literature was folklore, carried by scops and gleemen, who
History of English literature Periods: 1. Anglo-saxon or early literature (499 - 1066) 2. Second or Norman or late Medieval period (1066 - 13/14 century) 3. Renaissance or Modern period (13-14 century present) Anglo-Saxon period · All of the literature had its roots in folklore · Texts were orally transmitted, the anglosaxons had no written language · Two types of singers: 1) scop (attached to the royal court, wrote poetry and songs, performed them); 2) gleeman (travelled, mostly sang other peoples' songs, not their own songs; performers of scop songs) · The oldest known song Widsith (The Far Traveller/Wonderer); tells of a gleeman who travels in Europe, of his love of noble deeds, speaks of the shortness of life
In Deism, there is no interference by a deity, and man controls his own destiny. These ideas stirred the masses into action, as the people dreamed of carving their own futures. Adopted by the Founding Fathers, Enlightenment ideals became the vision for modernday America, where these ideologies are deeply rooted in the nation. The Enlightenment was important America because it provided the philosophical basis of the American Revolution. The Revolution was more than just a protest against English authority; as it turned out, the American Revolution provided a blueprint for the organization of a democratic society. And while imperfectly done, for it did not address the terrible problem of slavery, the American Revolution was an enlightened concept of government whose most profound documents may have been the American Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution. To feel the full impact of the Enlightenment
Secular literature- written in vernacular languages as well 6th -15th century Anonymity Religious writing Liturgical writing-hymns, psalms Theological writing-aquinas, abelard etc Religious poetry Mystery plays-reenactment of bible stories Secular writing Troubadour writing:"courtly love", romance Epic poem(song of roland) Travel writing History writing-chronicles Allegory The use of symbols and analogy to convey a certain meaning /message Literary output of medieval English Anglo-saxon or Old English literature(7th century-1066) Middle english literature(12th century-15th century) End of the period:1470s chancery standard(regulating english) and onset of renaissance Middle English literature Written in many dialects in early period 14th century Middle english was used for majority literary works-known poets Chaucer, Langland Standardization-printing from 1470 Geoffrey Chaucer 13401400 London 1357 public servant 1359 fought in the war 1360 diplomatic career 1366 married Philippa Roet
means without permission in writing from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Vogler, Christopher, 1 9 4 9 - T h e writer's journey : mythic structure for writers / Christopher Vogler. ~ 3rd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 9 7 8 - 1 - 9 3 2 9 0 7 - 3 6 - 0 I. M o t i o n picture authorship. 2 . Narration ( R h e t o r i c ) 3. M y t h in literature. 4. Creative writing. I. Title. PNI996.V64 2007 808.2'3-dc22 2007026844 IV for Mom and Dad TABLE OF CONTENTS I N T R O D U C T I O N : T h i r d Edition ix PREFACE: Second Edition xiii INTRODUCTION: Second Edition ~ Preparing for the Journey xxvii BOOK ONE: M a p p i n g the Journey I
Revolutionary times. In late 1640s and 50s debate over the shape and authority of the rapidly changing constitution of England intense. Charles I off throne, Commonwealth, power to gentlemen landowners. No radical social change, or popualr democracy experiment. Men at the top harassed by those who supporteed the old and those who sought further to radicalize the new. Dissenting Puritans, restless Protestant sectarians. Pamphlet literature of those who saw Charles I’s overthrow as freedom from Norman feudalism. Native rights, more equal distribution of constituencies, removing property qualifications from voters. John Lilburne – Leveller party. Contrasts between rich and poor. Equal distribution of property. 9. Milton. Paradise Lost Lengthy works of religious convictions discarded today, wanted to remove his poetry to greater extent than
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