Queen Anne Anne's reign (8 March 1702 1 August 1714) · Queen of England, Scotland, Ireland in 1702 · Became the first sovereign of the Kingdom of Great Britain · Last monarch of the House Of Stuart · reigned for twelve years until her death in August 1714. Anne's life · Born at St. James Palace, London · Anne suffered as a child from an eye infection and was sent to France · Anne returned from France in 1670. · On 28 July 1683, Anne married · Anne's husband died in October 1708 Family · Father James II and VII First wife- Lady Anne Hyde Second wife Mary of Modena · Grandmother Henrietta Maria · Sister Mary · Aunt Henrietta Anne · Uncle King Charles II Anne's son · Anne suffered great personal misfortune · She had been pregnant at least eighteen times · Only who survived infancy was William Was Duke of Gloucester on his seventh birthday Anne awarded him the Order of the Garter at ...
Church of England and he was now free to divorce Catherine and marry Anne Boleyn. 3. Why did Henry VIII get the title Fidei Defensor? The title was given to him by the pope because Henry VIII was against Protestantism and other religious reforms by J. Calvin and M. Luther. For that, the pope named Henry VIII the Fidei Defensor, meaning Defender of the Faith 4. Why did Mary I get the nickname Bloody Mary? Because during her reign, England became officially a Roman Catholic country, Parliament persecuted a lot of protestants and over 300 people who were burned at the stake. 5. Historians often speak about different ages or times in British history. When (in which centuries) were the following ages: Elizabethian, Georgian, Victorian. Characterise each of them (2 3 sentences). Elizabethian time started in the middle of 16th century and ended in the beginning of 17th century
RICHARD II Richard II (6 January 1367 14 February 1400) was King of England. He ruled from 1377 - 1399. Richard was a son of Edward, the Black Prince, and was born during the reign of his grandfather, Edward III. At the age of four, Richard became second in line to the throne when his older brother Edward of Angouleme died. Richard succeeded to the throne at the age of ten in 1377. Richard was tall, good-looking and intelligent. As earlier historians used to believe, he may have suffered from a personality disorders. Richard's mental state has been a major issue since the 19th century. One of the first modern historians
gave these to French nobles. Normans were known as great builders. This is assured by the fact that many great castles and other buildings, including the Tower of London, were built during the Norman Conquest. In 1086. Domesday Book was compiled. It is a detailed survey of England ordered by William the Conqueror. The reign of King William Rufus who was the son of William started in 1087 and lasted until 1100. Next king was Henry I who was the brother of William Rufus. His reign was from 1100-1135. In 1135 Henry I nephew Stephen got to the throne of England and reigned the country for 19 years. He was the last Norman king of England and his reign ended in 1154. From 1154 until 1377 the Plantagenet Kings of England ruled the English. The first Plantagenet King was Henry II. He was the grandson of Henry I. He had struggles with Thomas Beckett, who was the Archbishop of Canterbury. Beckett ended up being murdered in Canterbury's cathedral in 1170
Other politically important 'kingdoms' across this period include: Hwicce, Magonsaete, Kingdom of Lindsey and Middle Anglia. In the 9th century, the Viking challenge grew to serious proportions. Alfred the Great's victory at Edington, Wiltshire, in 878 brought intermittent peace, but with their possession of Jorvik the Danes gained a solid foothold in England. An important development in the 9th century was the rise of the Kingdom of Wessex; by the end of his reign Alfred was recognised as overlord by several southern kingdoms. Near the end of the 10th century, there was renewed Scandinavian interest in England, with the conquests of Sweyn of Denmark and his son Canute. By 1066 there were three lords with claims to the English throne, resulting in two invasions and the battles of Stamford Bridge and Hastings, the results of which established Anglo-Norman rule in England. Tudor England Tudor period was between 1485-1603
Henry I daughter Matilda would take the thrown. This decision was made by a council that threw the country into civil war. King Richard I the Lionheart Richard I was known as Richard the Lionheart. He was given this name as he was known for being a brave warrior king. Richard I (The Lionheart) was the oldest surviving son of Henry II. Another king that spent little time in England, only 10 months in his 10 year reign as king. King James II King James II was king of England and Scotland (as James VII) from 1685 when he was crowned. King James II was only 15 when he escaped to France in 1648 disguised as a young girl. King James II was well known for trying to force people to follow his Roman Catholic faith. Because of this he became very unpopular, especially amoung Protestants, and was generally hated by the people. King George III King George III reigned over Great Britain and Ireland from 1760
Civil War 1139 due to a battle for the throne between Stephen and Matilda, grandchildren of William I - In 1141 Stephen was captured and Matilda claimed the throne as "Lady of the English" however the people disliked her and when Stephen's wife raised an army against her, she was forced to release Stephen (from prison) who became the king in the same year Stephen agreed to a treaty which said he could peacefully reign England till his death if he accepted Matilda's son, Henry II Plantagenet as his lawful heir When Stephen died in 1154, the Norman dynasty had concluded it's reign The House of Plantagenet, excluding King Henry II and his wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine; King Richard I and his wife, Berengaria of Navarre; King John and his wife, Isabella of Angoulême The House of Plantagenet Henry II claimed the throne in 1154 - Appointed his friend Thomas Becket as the
The Most Influential Figures in British History There are many important historical figures, who have helped shape Britain into what it is today. In my opinion Elizabeth I, Queen Victoria and Winston Churchill are the ones who stand out and have had the biggest impact on British history. Firstly, Elizabeth I made a great impression on British history as she kept England from major wars during her reign, the kingdom expanded and she supported culture. The rule of Elizabeth I can be called a peaceful time as England did not enter any huge conflicts. She managed to keep good relations with other great countries. However, the defeat of the Spanish Armada left no one questioning the superiority of the British navy. In addition, the kingdom’s territories grew during her reign, Virginia in America being named after „The Virgin Queen“. Queen Elizabeth I also valued culture
John(Richards brother) gained a weak, even villainous ruler. 1215 he signed the Magna Carta. This was the beginning of constitutional morachy in England. Henry V won the Fench in the battle of Agnicourt in 1415. Henry VI went insaine and gave his throne to his uncle Duke of Yorke. When Henry IV wanted his throne back, his uncle refused, which leaded to the War of the Roses. Edward IV encouraged William Caxton to set up a printing press with movable type. 1483 came to reign Edward V who was only 12 years old. Richard(Ed's uncle) had Edward V and his younger brother imprisoned in the Tower of London. When it was rumoured that he had had the two boys murdered in the tower, rebellion broke out, and Richard III was killed in bttle. Henry Tudor was the next one to reign over England. Geoffrey Chaucer He was one of the greatest poets of England, he is also known as the Father of English Poetry.. He was the son of a wealthy London wine merchant
Estonian presidents Estonia has only had 4 presidents, since it's been a republic for little time. Konstantin Päts (1874-1956) was the first president of Estonia. His reign as a president started in 1938 and ended in 1940. Päts' political career started early. He served as a municipal advisor in 1904 and had many political positions after that. With his speech during the War of Independence he put a basis to Estonian economy. Päts' position as a president ended when Soviet Union occupied Estonia in 1940. Päts was forced to leave his office and was deported to Leningrad with his family. In 1941, he was arrested. In time he ended up in
endeared her to the spectators. notris" "It is the Lord's doing, The following day, 15 January 1559, and it is marvellous in our eyes." Elizabeth was crowned at Westminster On 20 November 1558, Abbey and anointed by the Catholic Elizabeth declared her intentions bishop of Carlisle. to her Council and other peers who had come to Hatfield to swear allegiance. Marriage questions From the start of Elizabeth's reign, it was expected that she would marry and the question arose whom. She never did, although she She considered several suitors until received many offers for her hand; she was about fifty. Her last courtship the reasons for this are not clear. was with François, Duke of Anjou, 22 Historians have speculated that years her junior. Thomas Seymour had put her off While risking possible losing of
Nonetheless, Henry included her in his will, and on the death of her half-brother, Edward VI, on July 6, 1553, she became the legal heir to the throne. Although Lord High Chamberlain John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, favoured the succession of his daughter-in-law, Lady Jane Grey, and proclaimed her queen on July 10, the country supported Mary. As a Roman Catholic, Mary began her reign by sweeping away the religious innovations of her father and her brother. Henry VIII had separated England from the Church in Rome; Edward VI had replaced Roman Catholicism with a Protestant settlement. Mary restored the Mass and re-established the authority of the papacy, but, although she handed back Crown property to the Church, Parliament refused to restore Church lands seized by Henry VIII. Even with the help of Mary's cousin, Cardinal Reginald Pole, a return to the state of affairs
Henry VIII Katrin Repetskaja G1 Early life · Born at Greenwich Palace June 28, 1491. · The son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. · Third child, second son. · Six siblings, 3 survived. Reign Crowned on 23 June 1509 at Westminster Abbey. Reign lasted from 1509 until 1547. Fought wars against France and Scotland. Established the Church of England. United England and Wales under one system of government. Appearence Tall and thickset Blue-grey eyes Short auburn hair Beard Handsom in his youth, became bloated and fat Dressed lavishly: gold collar, many jewelled rings Hobbies Threw javelin Hunting Archery Jousting Tennis Spoke French, Latin, some Ita...
Husband: PRINCE ALBERT life She was born on 24 May 1819 at Kensington palace , in London. Her coronation was on 28 June 1838 and she prevailed England for 63 years. She married at 1840. Victorias husband died on 16 March 1861, at the age of 74. Victoria fell into deep depression. She died on January 22, 1901 at age 81. She is buried in the Duchess of Kent's Mausoleum at Frogmore, Windsor Home Park, near to the royal residence Windsor Castle. england at her reign During Queen Victorias reign, British empire became the most powerful country in the world. Religion was very important and most of people went to church on Sundays. Industrial expanded, new work methods and technology ( water, gas, electricity), communications (the telegraph, press), sience (Darwin's theory for evolution), the building of the railways, and the London Underground, bridges, new inventions (thelephones, the post, the camera, motor cars, etc). used information https://prezi
United Kingdom Kaisa Aadna Lauri Lasner Risto Paalonen Kertu Reinsalu Kaisa Vahtmäe United Kingdom Anthem 1. God save our gracious Queen Long live our noble Queen God save the Queen Send her victorious Happy and glorious Long to reign over us God save the Queen 2. O Lord our God arise Scatter her enemies And make them fall Confound their politics Frustrate their knavish tricks On Thee our hopes we fix God save us all 3. Thy choicest gifts in store On her be pleased to pour Long may she reign May she defend our laws And ever give us cause To sing with heart and voice God save the Queen 4. Not in this land alone But be God's mercies known
The 2nd event was brought about by the desire of Henry VIII for a male heir and his wish to divorce Catherine of Aragon, who had borne only one child, Mary. When the Pope refused to end the marriage, Henry, with an eye also to seizing the vast and wealthy holdings of the Church, overthrew papal jurisdiction, married Anne Boleyn, and was declared, with Parliament's help, head of the English Church. Thus England became a Protestant nation. 8. Why was the time of Queen Mary's reign a troubled time? Mary was a devout Catholic. Her attempts to restore Catholicism to the country resulted in internal turmoil and much bloodshed. 9. In what way was Elizabeth I able to keep peace and order in the country? Under Elizabeth, order was restored and England entered upon her most glorious age. Elizabeth ruled wisely and well for 45 years. Through her policy of middle-of-the-road Protestantism, she held in check throughout her reign the proponents of Catholicism on
She toured English possessions and even visited France (the first English monarch to do so since the coronation of Henry VI in 1431). With time, the private urgings of her family and the flattering attention of Benjamin Disraeli, Prime Minister in 1868 and from 1874 to 1880, the Queen gradually resumed her public duties. Despite her advanced age, Victoria continued her duties to the end - including an official visit to Dublin in 1900. The Boer War in South Africa overshadowed the end of her reign. As in the Crimean War nearly half a century earlier, Victoria reviewed her troops and visited hospitals; she remained undaunted by British reverses during the campaign: 'We are not interested in the possibilities of defeat; they do not exist.' Queen Victoria was the longest reigning British monarch and the figurehead of a vast empire. She oversaw vast
1st wife of Henry VIII http://tudorhistory.org/aragon/aragon4.jpg Mary's stepmothers Anne Boleyn (1533-1536) mother of Elizabeth I Jane Seymour (1536-1537) prince Edward VI Anne of Cleves (Jan 1540- July 1540) Kathryn Howard (July 1540- Feb 1542) Katherine Parr (July 1543- Jan 1547) Anne Boleyn and Anne of http://tudorhistory.org/boleyn/ http://tudorhistory.org/cleves/ Cleves Edward VI's reign 9 yrs-old Supporter of the Protestant faith Edward (Prothestant) and Mary (Catholic) struggled with issues 1552- Edward shows signs of illness Throne goes to cousin Jane instead of Mary http://tudorhistory.org/edward/ "The nine days Queen"
order. Executive bureaucracies are commonly the source of regulations. The judiciary of the United Kingdom are the separate judiciaries of the three legal systems in England and Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland. However, the judges of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, the Special Immigration Appeals Commission, Employment Tribunals, Employment Appeal Tribunal and the UK tribunals system do have a United Kingdom-wide jurisdiction. Queen-in-Parliament (or, during the reign of a male monarch, King-in-Parliament), sometimes referred to as the Crown-in-Parliament or, more fully, in the United Kingdom, as the King/Queen in Parliament under God,[1][2][3] is a technical term of constitutional law in the Commonwealth realms that refers to the Crown in its legislative role, acting with the advice and consent of the parliament (including, if the parliament is bicameral, both the lower house and upper house)
Medieval England After defeating the Anglo-Saxon King Harold at the Battle of Hastings in 1066, William of Normandy (who became William I, also called William the Conqueror) introduced the Norman feudal system, rewarding his French-speaking followers with land in return for their continued support. French remained the language of the upper classes and administration until the 14th century. The power of these Norman Barons gradually increased and during the reign of the Plantagenets began the challenge the King's absolute power, which resulted in King John being forced to sign Magna Carta in 1215. It consisted of long list of limitations to the King's power and it gave more power to the origins of Parliament. The origins of Parliament are to be found in the reign of John's successor, Henry III. It was a meeting of the King and his Barons and servants at which various administrative and financial problems were discussed
Like many villages, towns and communities across Britain, the community of the estate suffered its own wartime tragedy. The Sandringham Company was wiped out in the Battle of Gallipoli in August 1915. Trapped in a field which suddenly burst into flames, possibly due to a stray shell, the entire company was killed. In 1920 King George V, Queen Alexandra and Queen Mary unveiled a cross and tablet on the greensward outside Sandringham Church, bearing the names of the fallen. King George V's reign also saw the birth of a new Christmas tradition at Sandringham. The first Christmas broadcast to the Empire was made live on Christmas Day, 1932, from Sandringham's 'business-room'. History was made again in 1957 when The Queen made her first televised broadcast live on Christmas Day from Sandringham's library. King George V died at Sandringham on 20 January 1936, and Sandringham passed to his eldest son. In his brief reign King Edward VIII spent less than one day at Sandringham. After
transport The Second World War (1939- Devastating effect but London 1945) remains a centre for fashion, culture and artistic achievement. 1. In ex. 2 at page 19 you have to read and translate the words from the text and divide them into 4 groups according to their word-stress. I swamp, Celtic, devastate, province, fort, hostile, reign, flourish, mighty, grant, charter, citizen, secular, turbulent, costly, claim, breach, fourfold, filth, era. II inhabitant, basilica, defence, withdraw, invade, decisive, accession, succeed, disaster, erect, achievement. III occupation, influential, execution, restoration. IV ecclesiastical. 2. In ex. 3 at page 20 you had to find some information about those famous people. Alfred the Great (reigned 871-899) Saxon king, a learned man, chose London
s Born: 849 at Wantage, Oxfordshire Parents: Aethelwulf, King of Wessex, and Osburh Relation to Elizabeth II: 32nd great-grandfather House of: Wessex Crowned: 871 Married: Ealhswith of Mercia Children: 5 children Died: 899 Buried at: Winchester ·Only King to have epithet"the Great" ·Defended England against Danish invasion and founded the first English navy ·He encouraged the translation of scholarly works from Latin and promoted the development of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. ·A new legal code came into force during his reign. ·At the age of 19 in 868 he is recorded as fighting beside his brother in Mercia against the Danes In 878, the Danes under their leader, Guthrum overran Wessex. Alfred and his remnants went into hiding. At Easter time in 879, Alfred set up a base in the region of Athelney. The great Saxon kingdoms of England had been reduced to one man who ruled a small area of...
means "ford", referring to the city's origin at a crossing point of the Vltava river. The native name of the city, Praha, is also related to the modern Czech word práh which means threshold. History The area of Prague was settled as early as the Paleolithic age. By the year 800 there was a simple fort fortified with wooden buildings. It was founded during the Romanesque era c. 885 and flourished in the Gothic and Renaissance eras. Prague flourished during the reign of Charles IV. Charles IV founded the first university in MiddleEurope Charles University Prague seen from satellite View of Prague from Petri hill The front view of St. Vitus Cathedral with its rose window The astronomical clock of Prague The National Museum Zizkov Television Tower Charles University in Prague Old Town Square Old Town Square during Christmas Charles Bridge The Dancing House
History in 1888 Emperor Wilhelm I of Germany dies after a 27-year reign, during which he saw the unification of Germany and the birth of Germany's welfare state. The Ndebele king accepts a British protectorate, giving Cecil Rhodes exclusive mining rights in West Africa. The Ndebele will rebel against British rule in the next decade. American voters elect Republican Benjamin Harrison president, ousting Grover Cleveland. The first railway in China goes into operation.
William the Bastard Early life about the bastard William I usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, he was the first Norman King of England. William was the son of the unmarried Robert I, Duke of Normandy, by Robert's mistress Herleva. During his childhood and adolescence, members of the Norman aristocracy battled each other, both for control of the child duke and for their own ends. About william the first In 1047 William was able to quash a rebellion and begin to establish his authority over the duchy, a process that was not complete until about 1060. His marriage in the 1050s to Matilda of Flanders provided him with a powerful ally in the neighbouring county of Flanders. By 1062 William was able to secure control of the neighbouring county of Maine. Conquests ...
Revision questions for the test on Victorian literature 1. How would you in general terms characterise the period of Queen Victoria's reign? What were the major changes in technology, education, government, social areas, etc and how did they change the mindset of the British people? 2. Why is the Victorian period often compared to the Elizabethan period? In terms of size how would you describe the British Empire? Why was such an enormity needed at all? 3. Why did the Victorian's develop a doubt in religious matters? What were the new
code. It is case law there. It contains two main principles the rule of law (nobody can escape from the law) and the supremacy of Parliament (in theory the Parliament can do whatever it wishes). Since the age of absolute monarchy there has been a gradual decline in the Sovereign's power and, while formally still the head of the executive and the judiciary, commander-in-chief of all the armed forces, and temporal governor of the Church of England, nowadays monarchs reign but they do not rule. Parliament is the supreme legislative authority. There is usually a one-party government. It consists of three separate elements: the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the elected House of Commons. After passing through the House of Commons, all bills are debated in the House of Lords, and after that, signed by the Queen. As a result the bills then become laws. There are 650 Members of Parliament in the House of Commons. Leaders of
Conqueror started the construction of the Tower of London and his successor William II enlarged it and constructed Westminster Hall. The two centres which were to characterise the English capital for many years emerged: The City of L and Westminster. In 1193 Londoners elected Henry Fitzalwin their first Mayor and in 1209 a stone bridge was built to replace the earlier wooden one, which was the first real London Bridge. In 1349 the Black Death killed thousands of citizens. During the reign of Elizabeth I, the first map of L was published and the Globe Theatre built. Many people perished In the Plague (1603) and in the following Great Plague (1664-1665). It was ended by the Great Fire on Sept 2, 1666. It destroyed many houses and churches including St Paul's, and the Royal Exchange. However, the Fire meant that the City could be improved. The streets were widened and the houses were built of stronger materials. Sir Christopher Wren rebuilt 53 of the destroyed churches.
He did not return. Mary's rule Mary was determined to return all her people to the true faith She believed she was saving their souls by insisting on this When they refused to change their ways she had them burnt at the stake Bloody Mary It was these burnings at the stake which gave Mary the name by which she is still known today More than 300 people were burned at the stake during her reign In april 1558 when Mary was 42, she became quite ill after realising that she was not pregnant, for the second time She died in november without a child to succeed her Elizabeth, her halfsister, and the child of the woman who had replaced her mother in their father's affections, now became the last Tudor monarch The end Made by: Mare, Rael, Grete
It was possible to learn reading & writing in various guilds during the 16th century 1617th century Education in the Estonian language started after the reformation by Martin Luther During Swedish era, on Gustav Adolf II's orders, the first school and university were built in 1631 GAG in Tallinn and in 1632 the University of Tartu After The Great Northern War, as Estonia was occupied by Russia, many admiralty schools were built 18th century During the reign of Russian empress Katarina II, many great improvements were made in peasant school system and girls started going to school Estonians were quite highly educated for that time, since at least half of the folk in a parish could read and a third write In 1739, the first bible was completely translated to Estonian 19th to early 20th century In the end of 19th century, 94% of Estonians could read and 48% could write It was still possible to learn only in German or Russian
· Other:376,100 · Due to disputes about religion, southern Ireland declared independence but northern Ireland remained part of the United Kingdom. Symbols of England Elizabeth II · Queen Elizabeth II was born Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary on April 21, 1926 in London. · She married Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh in 1947, became queen on February 6, 1952, and was crowned on June 2, 1953. During her reign, she has tried to make the British monarchy more modern and sensitive to the public. Tourism in England · Tourism plays a significant part in the economic life in England. · Many other people come to England as tourists and, this is economically beneficial. · In the UK as a whole, tourism contributes 76 billion pounds to the British economy, and it employs 6,1% of the working
official headquarters of the Royal Regiment of Scotland. St. Margaret's Chapel the oldest surviving building in the castle and in Edinburgh. dates from the early 12th century. King David I built it as a private chapel for the royal family. He dedicated it to his mother, Saint Margaret of Scotland, who died in the castle in 1093. St. Margaret's Chapel Crown Square the citadel at the top of the castle. 15th century (during the reign of King James III) as the main courtyard of the castle. Before 1818 it was known as Palace Yard. Royal Palace former Royal Apartments. 15th century residence of the later Stewart monarchs. The Crown Room This vaulted Strongroom is located on the first floor of the Royal Palace building. contains the Honours of Scotland. include the Crown of Scotland, sceptre and sword of state. The Crown dates from 1540 made of Scottish gold and is set with 94
objections failed to dissuade the couple. Many scholars have suggested that Prince Albert was not in love with young Victoria, and that he entered into a relationship with her in order to gain social status (he was a minor German prince) and out of a sense of duty (his family desired the match). Whatever Albert's original reasons for marrying Victoria may have been, theirs proved to be an extremely happy marriage. [3] Early Reign In 1837 Queen Victoria took the throne after the death of her uncle William IV. Due to her secluded childhood, she displayed a personality marked by strong prejudices and a willful stubbornness. Barely eighteen, she refused any further influence from her domineering mother and ruled in her own stead. Popular respect for the Crown was at a low point at her coronation, but the modest and straightforward young Queen won the hearts of her subjects.
o Built castles, cathedrals Three facts about the history of parliament It was in the medieval period that Parliament began its gradual evolution into the democratic body which it is today. The word 'parliament', which comes from the French word parler (to speak), was first used in England in the thirteenth century to describe an assembly of nobles called together by the king. It was divided into two houses during the reign of Henry VII: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The class system o After the norman invasion, a strict feudal system was imposed: norman soliders who had inavaded were given the ownership of land and of the people living on it o Nobles, or barons, were responsible directly to the king, lesser lords, were directly responsible to a abaron
monastery, as the bishop. These boundaries of the new diocese were permanently fixed by a legate of Pope, Wilhelm of Modena in 1234. The first residence of the diocese was located in Lihula, where with the help of the Order the Bishop transferred the diocese's residence to Vana-Pärnu, wich was burned and destroyed by Lithuanians ten years later. A new centre for the diocese was chosen in Haapsalu, where a cathedral was built and an Episcopal stronghold was started During the reign of Ösel-Wiek Bishop, every canon was supposed to lead a chaste and virtuous life according to the rules of the monastery. Access of women to the Episcopal Castle was forbidden by threat of death. A legend tells that a canon fell in love with an Estonian girl and brought secretly the maiden into the castle. She hid by dressing as a choirboy and remained a secret for a long time, but when the bishop visited Haapsalu again, the young singer caught his attention and he ordered an
The latter was crowned King Henry VII of England. 3 The House of Tudors (1485-1603): This period was lively characterised by new learning, trade and expansion, sea exploration and naval victories. It culminated with the sinking of the Spanish Armada. The most powerful Tudor monarchs were Henry VII (he had 6 wives and great ambitions, he broke away from the Roman Catholic Church), Elizabeth I (her reign was a long and golden one, characterised by intellectual brilliance, flourishing literature and commercial prosperity). The famous explorers were Sir Francis Drake (one of the leaders of the English navy) and Walter Raleigh (he made several journeys to America, wrote books about them, brought potatoes and tobacco to Britain). The House of Stuarts (1603-1714): Guy Fawkes Night dates back to 5 November 1605, when the English Catholics attempted to blow up the King and the Parliament. They failed
UK also serves as head of state of fifteen other Commonwealth countries. The UK has a parliamentary government based on strong democratic traditions. The Parliament is the legislature of the United Kingdom; housed in the Palace of Westminster. The parliament is made up of the Queen and two houses: House of Commons, which is elected and House of Lords, which is appointed. Queen Victoria Victoria became the queen in 1837 when she was only 18 years old. She was queen for 64 years, the longest reign of any monarch. We know a lot about her because she kept a diary from the age of thirteen until her death. She reigned through a time of great change in Britain. 5 While she was the queen, Britain changed completely. Near the beginning of her reign the population was about 18 million people but by 1901 it was 30 million. By the end of her reign Britain had huge industrial cities, linked by railways
Inglise keele test unit 1 1. do the crossword 1.without any problem or worries . a. Carefree 2.To answer. a . Respond 3. A period of time durning which a king or queen rules a country. a . reign 4. Someone whoes job is to give advice about a subject.a . adviser 5. The rising and falling og the level of the sea. a. tide 6. the chair that a king or queen sits on. a. throne 7. Someone who plays a musical instrument,especially as a job .a . musician 8. A place where a lot of people go for a holiday. a .resort 9. Someone paid to do jobs in another person's house. a. servent 2. write a negative sentence (-) or a general question (?) In the summer I slept till eleven
the Teutonic Order Until 1561 Toompea belonged to the Livonian Order According to the Altmark peace treaty of 1629, Estonian territories went to the king of Sweden Already earlier (1561), new rulers had come to Toompea In 1710 the knighthood of North Estonia signed the Harju capitulation treaty At first Russians could not initiate any changes in the country they had conquered. For half a century Toompea fell into oblivion Situation changed during the reign of Catherine II Second decade of the last century Estonians had the opportunity to build up a state of their own Construction of the Riigikogu building (1920 1922) First public building in Tallinn to have electric lighting built into its design The Estonian seat of power was perpetuated on Toompea Throughout the greater part of our independent statehood both the Estonian Parliament and the Government have worked here
in Haapsalu. The Haapsalu Castle is one of the most remarkable examples of Estonian MiddleAge fortress architecture. The stronghold construction, widening and reconstruction went on throughout several centuries, with architecture changing according to the development of weapons. The fortress achieved its final dimensions area of more than 3 hectares, thickness of the wall between 1.2 and 1.8 meters, and maximum height over 10 metres under the reign of Bishop Johannes IV(fourth). In the 17th century, the castle was no longer used as a defensive building by the Swedes who now ruled the Swedish Estonian Province. In the course of the Great Northern War in 1710 (seventeen ten), Estonia fell under Russian rule and the walls were partially demolished at the command of the Peter I of Russia, turning the castle in effect into ruins. It was at this time that the fortress that once displayed seven towered circular wall
The language is being used about half a million people in Wales and possibly another few hundred thousand people within England and even Australia and United States of America. The normal language of every day life is still English but in some regions such as Gwynedd and Dyfed, the use of Welsh is very wide and well spread. The tendency nowadays is towards the development and introduction of Welsh. This could not have been said at the first part of the 20th century. Welsh have been under the reign or a part of Great Britain for a long time. During the 16 th century, particularly at the time of Henry the VIII, they tried to force the Welsh language out by an Act which declared that the language to be used in courts and administrative offices would have to be English. And of course the most natural process started as people were forced to talk English, they taught their children English and the Welsh language was to be forgotten. But that did not happen.
West Saxons on 3 April 1043. According to those who compiled the Anglo- Saxon Chronicle, the first thing Edward did, despite his religious views, was to deprive his mother of all of her estates and reduce her to relative poverty. It is said that Edward blamed her for his miserable and lonely childhood. For the first eleven years of Edward's reign the real ruler of England was Godwin, Earl of Wessex. In 1045, he married Godwin's only daughter, Edith. Godwin was the most important nobleman in England. They had no children as Edward had taken a vow of celibacy. Even this marriage couldn't prevent a breach between Godwin and Edward in 1049. A number on Normans were killed in a scrap in Dover and Kent in 1051. Edward still had influential friends in Normandy and he wanted the people of Dover punhised for this
London, England was founded in A.D. 43 by the Romans 2: What was its original name? Londinium 3: What happened to London in 61 AD? 61 AD Boadicea, the queen of a tribe of Britons, led a rebellion against the Romans 4: What was the population of London in the second century AD? Around 60,000 5: What happened in 851 AD? 6: What did Alfred the Great do? He defended Anglo-Saxon England from Viking raids, formulated a code of laws, and fostered a rebirth of religious and scholarly activity. His reign exhibits military skill and innovation, sound governance and the ability to inspire men and plan for the future, piety and a practical commitment to the support of religion, personal scholarship and the promotion of education. 7: What did Ethelred do at London Bridge? King Ethelred burnt down the bridge to split apart the invading forces of the Dane Svein Haraldsson 8: Who controlled London from 1017 to 1042?
Accurate - free from error or defect; consistent with a standard, rule, or model; precise; exact Admiral - a naval officer of the highest rank Air force - the military unit of a nation charged with carrying out military operations in the air Air marshal - an air force officer of a rank comparable to an army lieutenant general Ally - a person, group, or nation that is associated with another or others for some common cause or purpose Assassinate - to kill suddenly or secretively, especially a politically prominent person; murder premeditatedly and treacherously Biased - having or showing prejudice Brutal - savage; cruel; inhuman Capture - to take by force or stratagem; take prisoner; seize: Claim - to demand by or as by virtue of a right; demand as a right or as due: Coast guard - a military service which in peacetime enforces maritime laws, saves lives and property at sea, and maintains aids to navigation Commerce - an interchange of go...
Intellectual brilliance / nt'lektl 'brlns / vaimne hiilgus Flourishing / 'flr / õitseng, õitsev Prosperity / pr'spert / majanduslik õitseng Evergreen / 'evgri:n / igihaljas A lively period where much new was learned, naval battles won, sea explored and trading flourished. England beat Spanish Armada, under the guidance of Sir Francis Drake, which was thought to be unbeatable. Most powerful Tudor monarchs were Henry VIII and his daughter Elizabeth I who had a long and golden reign and whose time the literature flourished. Walter Raleigh was an explorer who was the first to bring potatoes and tobacco to Britain from America. The Stuarts 1603 1714 Exile / 'eksal / pagendus Commemorate / k'memret / mälestust austama On the 5th of November in 1605 English Catholics tried to blow up the King and the Parliament, but they failed
The Normans built many stone churches, including St. Bartholomew-the-Great in London. Norman churches and castles had thick walls, huge columns, and round-headed arches. An early type of Norman castle was a motte and bailey. This type of castle consisted of an artificial mound (the motte) surmounted by a wooden tower and enclosed by moat and stockade (the bailey). Later, the Normans built great stone towers called keeps. The Normans built nearly a hundred castles during William's reign. In 1086, William ordered a land survey for tax purposes. He sent a team of people all through England to make a complete economic survey. This survey was the only one of its kind in Europe. Not surprisingly, it was most unpopular with the people, because they felt they could not escape from its findings. The survey's results are contained in a document that became known as the Domesday Book, which provided information for William's tax officers
of a lustful, egotistical, harsh, and insecure king. He died 28 January 1547. THE TUDOR DYNASTY ELIZABETH I Elizabeth I was queen regnant of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. THE TUDOR DYNASTY ELIZABETH I Elizabeth's reign is known as the Elizabethan era, famous above all for the flourishing of English drama. After the short reigns of Elizabeth's brother and sister, her 44 years on the throne provided welcome stability for the kingdom and helped forge a sense of national identity. THE TUDOR DYNASTY ELIZABETH I The Queen's health remained fair until the autumn of 1602,
London was rapidly rebuilt, becoming the capital of the province Britannia. AD 122 Roman walls were built around it as a Around AD 400 the Anglo-Saxons invaded Britain. They destroyed the roman towns and formed many kingdoms that were hostile to one another. London fell into ruins. King Egbert united all the small kingdoms and formed one kingdom named Englad. Later king Alfred the Great chose London to be the capital of the country. During the reign of Edward the Confessor Westminster Abbey and the royal palace were built. In 1066 The Normans invaded an William the Conqueror took the British throne as William I. He built a mighty fortess, now known as the white tower. The 14th century was a messy period. In 1337 the Hundred years war against France began. The black death in 1348 took many many lives. Almost half of the city's population. In 1381 the grievances [griivensis] of the lower class exploded into the ,,Peasant's [pesents] revolt".
Crown Room of Edinburgh Castle, from where they are removed only for State Occasions. SCOTLAND'S BIGGEST TOURIST ATTRACTIONS Edinburgh Castle Edinburgh Castle is a historic fortress which dominates the skyline of the city of Edinburgh, Scotland from its position on the Castle Rock. The oldest building in the castle, and in Edinburgh, is the small St. Margaret's Chapel. One of the few 12th-century structures surviving in any Scottish castle,[38] it dates from the reign of King David I (r.11241153), who built it as a private chapel for the royal family and dedicated it to his mother, Saint Margaret of Scotland, who died in the castle in 1093. The castle has sheltered many Scottish monarchs. They include Queen Margaret (later St Margaret), who died here in 1093, and Mary Queen of Scots, who gave birth to James VI in the Royal Palace in 1566. Eilean Donan Eilean Donan is a small island in Loch Duich in the western Highlands of Scotland
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