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"mercia" - 24 õppematerjali

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Keskaeg ajalugu - Inglismaa

-7. saj põhiline suurem poliitiline areng on see, et väikesed riigid sulanduvad kolmeks suuremaks Northumbriaks, Wessexiks ja Merciaks ( juhiksin siiski tähelepanu sellele, et erinevates allikates, mida kasutasin oli erinevalt märgitud. Mõnes väitis, et eelmainitud riigid tõusid esile ja mõnes, et teised riigid sulandusid kolmeks suuremaks. Isiklikult eelistaksin kasutada seda esile tõusmise varianti, sest see on igal juhul turvalisem tee). 8.saj tõusis juhtpositsioonile Mercia, kus valitses 726-757 Aethelbald, kes püha Beda sõnul allutas oma võimule suurema osa Britanniast. Mercia võim suurenes veelgi kuningas Offali valitsusajal aastatel 757- 796. Ajaloos tuntud kui valitseja,kes kujundas Inglismaa ja Walesi piiri. On ka tuntud oma piirrajatise poolest, mida tuntakse Offa kraavi nime all. Pärast Offa valitsusaega puhkes Mercias aga kriis ning esile hakkas tõusma Mercia varjus vaikselt tugevnenud Wessex. Aastal 802 sai Wessexi valitsejaks kuningas Egbert...

Ajalugu
18 allalaadimist
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Suur rahvaste ränne

Verduni lepinguga (843) jagati Frangi riik kolmeks osaks, millest hiljem kujunesid Prantsusmaa, Saksamaa ja Itaalia. Anglite ja sakside riik Britannias 450. a paiku maabusid jüüdid, anglid ja saksid roomlaste poolt mahajäetud Inglismaal. Nad tõrjusid britid Walesi, Cornwalli, Sotimaale ja Bre-tagne'i poolsaarele ja asutasid 7 riiki: Kent (jüüdid); Northumbria, Mercia , East-Anglia (anglid); Essex, Sussex, Wessex (saksid). Pärast Northumbria ülemvõimu 7. saj saab 8. saj juhtivaks Mercia, kelle mõjuvõim laieneb kuni Cornwalli ja Walesini. Põhjagermaanlased ei lahkunud oma asualadelt Skandinaavias ja Jüütimaal. Reini ja Elbe vahelisel alal kujunesid välja järgmised saksa hõimud, mis tekkisid mitmete hõimude ja hõimukildude segunemisel ning ühinemisel (hõimuliidud): alemannid, saksid, frangid (saali,...

Ajalugu
123 allalaadimist
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Anglo - Saxon

The Anglo-Saxons built small towns near their centres of agriculture. In each town, a main hall was in the centre. The architectural character of Anglo- Saxon ecclesiastical buildings range from Coptic influenced architecture in the early period; basilica influenced Romanesque architecture; and in the later Anglo-Saxon period, an architecture characterised by pilaster-strips, blank arcading, baluster shafts and triangular headed openings. There are few remains of Anglo-Saxon architecture, with no secular work remaining above ground. All surviving churches, except one timber church, are built of stone or brick and in some cases show evidence of re-used Roman work. Art Anglo-Saxon art is mainly known today through illuminated manuscripts. Although they are the most well known to have survived. Perhaps the bes...

Inglise kirjandus
20 allalaadimist
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Old English Literature

1.) How is literature analysed and studied? What is the difference between the diachronic and synchronic view? Literature is studied and analysed by reading the piece of work profoundly and work on all the aspects of the piece. Diachronic is development in history Synchronic is particular state at any given moment 2.) Give a general overview of Celtic Britain, Roman invasion in 55-54 BC, Anglo-Saxon invasion and the second Roman "invasion" of Great Britain, who were the leaders, what influence did they leave on the culture of Great Britain? Celtic Britain was during the Bronze Age, there were many small tribal kingdoms fighting one another. Many megalithic monuments were built around that time, e.g. Stonehenge, the Avebury ring. The Roman Invasion ­ 55-54 BC, Julius Caesar ruled Rome, Rome built the Hadrian's wall (73 miles long, built in 121 ­ 127 AD) agains...

Inglise kirjandus
30 allalaadimist
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Inglise keelt kõnelevate maade ajaloo eksamiküsimused

Some have called it "the finest historical work of the early Middle Ages." *The coming ofe the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Frisians to Britain ­ Very little is known about the first several hundred years of the Anglo-Saxon era, primarily because the invaders were an illiterate people. It is known that they established separate kingdoms: the Saxons settled in the South and West, the Angles in the East Anglia, Mercia , Northumbria and the Jutes in Kent. They probably thought of themselves as separate peoples, but they shared a common language and similar customs. *The 7 Anglo-Saxon kingdoms ­ The first of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, which was popularly known as the Heptarchy (or the Seven Kingdoms), was founded in the latter half of the 5th century. Englan was divided into seven ancient kingdoms: Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Sussex and Wessex. The period supposedly lasted until the kingdoms...

Inglise keel kõnelevate maade...
261 allalaadimist
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The Saxons & Vikings

· The Saxons ­ settled from the Thames Estuary westwards, in the south of England; they formed the kingdoms of Sussex, Wessex, Essex & Middlesex · The Angles ­ settled in East Anglia, the Midlands & Northumbria · The Jutes ­ settled mainly in Kent, Hampshire & the Isle of Wight The name Jutes died out & the conquerors are generally referred to as the Anglo-Saxons. At first they spoke various dialects, but gradually the dialect of the Angles of Mercia became predominant. The Anglo-Saxon migration gave the larger part of Britain its new name, England, ,,The land of the Angles". The British Celts were slowly pushed westwards. Finally most were driven into the mountains in the far west, which the Saxons called ,,Wales". Some were driven into Cornwall, where they later accepted the rule of Saxon lords and northward to Strathclyde. Further north lived the Picts and Scots. Some Celts crossed the sea & settled in the north-west...

British history (suurbritannia...
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Edward the Confessor & Westminster Abbey

Even this marriage couldn't prevent a breach between Godwin and Edward in 1049. A number on Normans were killed in a scrap in Dover and Kent in 1051. Edward still had influential friends in Normandy and he wanted the people of Dover punhised for this. Edward asked Earl Godwin to be the punisher. After saying no to king he raised an army against Edward instead. The other two senior noblemen, the earls of Mercia and Northumbria, remained loyal to Edward. Later Edward outlawed Godwin and his family in Flanders. Between 1051 and 1052, Edward increased the number of Normans who advised him at court. Edward's continued favouritism caused problems with his nobles. In 1052 Godwin and his sons returned to England with an army. The army was commanded by his two sons ­ Harold and Tostig. Godwin's lands were returned to him and many of Edward's Norman favourites were exiled. In 1053 Godwin died...

British history (suurbritannia...
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Keskaja geograafia

Ajalooline geograafia 1) Iirimaa 2) sotimaa 3)Wales 4)Mercia 5)Wessex 6) Sussex 7) Essex 8) Kent 9) Danelaw 10) Northumbria 11)Rootsi 12) Skåne 13)Soome 14)Dalmaatsia All Rooma impeeriumi ajal 15)Norra 16)Taani 17)Holstein 18)Schleswig 19)Brandenburg 20)Pommer (Pomerania? Või Pommern?) 21) Preisimaa 22)Masoovia 23)Kujaavia 24)Sileesia 25)Suur-Poola 26) Väike-Poola 27)Galiitsia 28)Leedu 29)Liivimaa 30)Tsehhimaa 31)Moraavia 32)Ungari 33)Horvaatia 34)Vestfaal 35)Ostfaal 36)Reinimaa 37)Lotring 38)Transilvaania 39)Elsass 40)svaabimaa 41)Tüüring 42)Saksimaa 43)Frankimaa 44)Baieri 45)Austria 46)Kärnten 47)Tirool 48)Lombardia 49)Toskaana 50)Apuulia 51)Kirkuriik 52)Sitsiilia 53)Itaalia linnriigid 54)Kataloonia 55)Gascone 56)Leon 57)Aragon...

Ajalugu
108 allalaadimist
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Prehistory, Saxon invasion and Celtic Kingdoms

The Jutes settled in Kent and south coast, angles settled in east and north midlands and the Saxons settled between then. They all drove most of the Celts to Wales and in north to Scotland. Hardly anything is left from the Germanic culture. The AngloSaxons established a number of kingdoms. The most powerful ones were Northumbria, Mercia and Wessex. King Offa of Mercia was the most powerful king. Government and society ­ The Saxons created institutions that made the state strong for 500 years. First of them was the kings council ­ the witan. It issued laws and charters. The land was divided into small administrative areas shires counties which were ruled by sheriffs who worked for kings. The AngloSaxon brought a new but heavier plough to Britain which changed the land ownership and organisation...

British history (suurbritannia...
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Keskaeg

Piirialadele rajatakse võimsad kindlistused. Pärast Rooma riigi langemist unustatakse Roomna kultuur. Risitiusuga ollakse tutvutud aga see ka ununeb. 5,6 saj rändavad sisse anglid, saksid, ja jüütid. Nad saavad domineerima. Enamus kelte assimileerub anglide ja saksidega ja keldid jäävad püsima Iirimaale. 7 saj on kujunenud hulgaliselt väikseid anglosakside kuningriike. Tähtsamad kuningriigid on: Essex, Sussex, Wessex, Kent, Mercia . Kord tõuseb üks esile, kord teine. Wessex tõuseb kõige tähtsamaks kuningriigiks. Kuningas Egbert ühendab Inglismaa 829.a ühtseks riigiks. Riik saab nimetuse Inglismaa. Ühinemine oli vajalik, sest talupoegade pärisorjastamine oli vaja lõpule viia ja välisoht oli päris suur, sest Inglismaad ründavad normannid. Inglismaa tähtsamaid kuningaid, kes valitseb 871-900 oli Alfred Suur. Ta võitleb normannide vastu väga jõudsalt. Taanlaste pealetung pannakse seisma...

Ajalugu
34 allalaadimist
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William the Conqueror

It's not exactly known when William born but it is is believed to have been born in either 1027 or 1028.He was son of Robert I , the Duke of Normandy. He was known as "William the Bastard" because of the illegitimacy of his birth. · Duke of Normandy from 1035. By his father's will, William succeeded him as Duke of Normandy at age seven. He was knighted by Henry at age 15. By the time William turned 19 he was successfully dealing with threats of rebellion and invasion. · King of England from 1066 to his death. Upon the death of the childless Edward the Confessor, the English throne was fiercely disputed by three claimants--William, Harold Godwinson, the powerful Earl of Wessex, and the Viking King Harald III of Norway, known as Harald Hardraada. Ba...

Inglise keel
8 allalaadimist
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King Alfred the Great

s Born: 849 at Wantage, Oxfordshire Parents: Aethelwulf, King of Wessex, and Osburh Relation to Elizabeth II: 32nd great-grandfather House of: Wessex Crowned: 871 Married: Ealhswith of Mercia Children: 5 children Died: 899 Buried at: Winchester ·Only King to have epithet"the Great" ·Defended England against Danish invasion and founded the first English navy ·He encouraged the translation of scholarly works from Latin and promoted the development of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. ·A new legal code came into force during his reign. ·At the age of 19 in 868 he is recorded as fighting beside his brother in Mercia against the Danes In 878, the Danes under their leader,...

Inglise keel
4 allalaadimist
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Kes avastas Ameerika?

Sihikule võeti ka linnad ja 60 aastat 5 pärast esimesi kallaletunge ähvardasid laevadel saabuvad vallutajad juba terveid kuningriike. (Allan 2004:8). Need röövretked algasid just nimelt siis, kui pärast Rooma keisririigi kokkuvarisemisele järgnenud rahutuid sajandeid oli sääraste valitsejate nagu Inglise Mercia kuninga Offa (surnud 796. aastal) ja Karl Suure (742-814) kindlakäelise juhtimise all hakanud taastuma kord. (Allan 2004:8). Viimasel ajal on see negatiivse ilmega portreemaaling saanud siiski uue nägemuse osaliseks. Terve rida rabavaid arheoloogilisi leide on rõhutanud viikingite positiivset laadi saavutusi kaubitsejate, rändurite, käsitööliste, uute maade avastajatega ja asustajate ning lõpuks ka valitsejatena. Viikingid olid kahtlemata julmad, kuid...

Ajalugu
29 allalaadimist
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Roman Britain

Aethelbert and some of the later kings of the other kingdoms were recognised by their fellow kings as Bretwalda. The so-called 'Mercian Supremacy' dominated the 8th century, though again it was not constant. Aethelbald and Offa, the two most powerful kings, achieved high status. This period has been described as the Heptarchy, though this term has now fallen out of academic use. The word arose on the basis that the seven kingdoms of Northumbria, Mercia , Kent, East Anglia, Essex, Sussex and Wessex were the main polities of south Britain. More recent scholarship has shown that theories of the 'heptarchy' are not grounded in evidence, and it is far more likely that power fluctuated between many more 'kingdoms'. Other politically important 'kingdoms' across this period include: Hwicce, Magonsaete, Kingdom of Lindsey and Middle Anglia. In the 9th century, the Viking challenge grew to serious proportions. Alfred the Great's...

Inglise keel
11 allalaadimist
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Keltide muistne kultuur ja usund. Kordamisküsimused

Keltide tähendus, keldi rahvaste päritolu, levik ja keeled. Keltideks nim inimesi, kes räägivad keldi keeli, Loode-Eurooplased. Sõna Celt (kreeka k keltoi, ladina celtae) kasutasid kreeka autorid esimest korda u 2500 a tagasi. Kreeklased kasutasid ka nime galaadid (galatoi), roomlased sõna gaul (galli). Kreeklased nimetasid keltideks Massaliast (Marseille) sisemaa pool elavaid barbari hõime. Peagi nim nii kõiki Euroopa barbareid, kes elasid Alpidest põhja pool. Muinasaegadel kuulusid keldi keeli rääkivate rahvaste sekka gallid, belgid, keltibeerid, lusitaanid, galaadid, muistsed britid ja iirlased. Galaatiaks nimetati al 8. saj Väike-Aasia ps piirkonda, kuhu keldid rändasid. Galicia ­ keltide piirkond Pürenee ps-l, keltibeerid. 2. Kirjalikud ja arheoloogilised allikad. Kirjalikud allikad: Hekataios Mileetosest kirjutas 6.­5. saj keltidest. Herodotos võttis...

Keltide muistne kultuur ja...
28 allalaadimist
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The Germanic Invasions

Advance halted by King Arthur Distortions of popular history In folklore, myth (and films) ­ a great English hero, an example of medieval nobility and chivalry In fact ­ a Romanized Celt, lived before medieval times, fought the Anglo-Saxons (people who became "the English") Predominated by the end of the 6th c. Kingdoms established: Wessex, Essex, Sussex, Mercia , Northumbria, East Anglia etc. Kingdoms constantly at war with each other Celtic culture and language survived in Scotland, Wales and Cornwall Anglo-Saxon lifestyle A great impact on the countryside Introduced new farming methods Established numerous villages (formed the basis of English society for centuries) First they were pagan Christianity spread during the 6th and 7th c. The south of England: straight from Rome (St Augustine settled in...

British history (suurbritannia...
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History of English literature

Wrote only in Latin. Most well-known work ­ Ecclesiastical history (religious history). The history of England from Caesar's invasion until 731. · Aelfric ­ a monk who lived in the 11th century. · Alfred, King of Wessex (at one point there were 7 kingdoms ­ Sussex, Essex, Wessex, Northumbria, Mercia , East Anglia, Kent). Wrote in his native A-S dialect, his greatest work is called ,,The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle". History of England, even more detailed than Bede's. The Norman period / the late Medieval period The Kingdom was more or less unified and was conquered by William who came from Normandy. Originally he was the Duke of Normandy. The Normands were Vikings who had settled in the north of France. William became William the Conqueror, William I....

Inglise kirjanduse ajalugu
37 allalaadimist
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English literature

They came from the North and Baltic Seas. Along with them came their dialects, which constitute the basis for Old English. Around 4500 words are still used today. They also had their own religion and Germanic gods. Their names are still used today: Freya ­ Friday, Thor ­ Thursday, Angle-land ­ England. The Anglo-Saxons divided the cuntry into small warring kingdoms ­ Northumbria, Mercia , Wessex, Sussex, Essex, Kent, East Anglia. Due to constant conflict weakened the kingdoms. The political power was in Wessex, which was the most powerful of the kingdoms. The Anglo-Saxons were farmers and fishermen and lived in small communities. They deployed a crop rotation over three fields; used heavy ploughs. In 787 AD came the Vikings from Scandinavia, who set up their own state ­ Danelaw. Had their own religion, however their rituals did not demand sacrifices...

Inglise keel
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Inglise keelt kõnelevate maade ajalugu lühikonspekt

Frisians 430´s onwards, Germans settlers arrived in large numbers. Anglo-Saxon invasions in 499 The Saxons- Saxon country to South and West The Angles- Angulus to East Anglia, Jutes in Kent Same culture as southern Scandinavia, Germany, northern France 600 they had founded their 7 kingdoms The Anglo-Saxon kingdoms Kent-JUtes, Essex, Sussex, Vessex- Saxons East Anglia, Mercia , Nothumbria- Angles Series of over-kings from various kingdoms St Patrick Conversion of Irish- 432-461 Patron saint of Ireland, originally pagan, slave He escaped, became a Christian priest and later bishop. Ireland was largely christian by 6th C Monasteries multiplied, monastic lines, provinces were ruled by abbots St Columba 6th, 7th C Irish sent missionaries to Gaul, Germany, Scotland and England...

Inglise keel
15 allalaadimist
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Inglismaa Keskajal

-7. saj põhiline suurem poliitiline areng on see, et väikesed riigid sulanduvad kolmeks suuremaks Northumbriaks, Wessexiks ja Merciaks ( juhiksin siiski tähelepanu sellele, et erinevates allikates, mida kasutasin oli erinevalt märgitud. Mõnes väitis, et eelmainitud riigid tõusid esile ja mõnes, et teised riigid sulandusid kolmeks suuremaks. Isiklikult eelistaksin kasutada seda esile tõusmise varianti, sest see on igal juhul turvalisem tee). 8.saj tõusis juhtpositsioonile Mercia, kus valitses 726-757 Aethelbald, kes püha Beda sõnul allutas oma võimule suurema osa Britanniast. Mercia võim suurenes veelgi kuningas Offali valitsusajal aastatel 757- 796. Ajaloos tuntud kui valitseja,kes kujundas Inglismaa ja Walesi piiri. On ka tuntud oma piirrajatise poolest, mida tuntakse Offa kraavi nime all. Pärast Offa valitsusaega puhkes Mercias aga kriis ning esile hakkas tõusma Mercia varjus vaikselt tugevnenud Wessex. Aastal 802 sai Wessexi valitsejaks kuningas Egbert...

Keskaeg
22 allalaadimist


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