Native Americans Origin of Native Americans Nearly one-third of Native American genes come from west Eurasian people linked to the Middle East and Europe, rather than entirely from East Asians as previously thought, according to a newly sequenced genome. Native peoples of North and South America descended from ancestors who arrived via land bridges from East Asia, possibly in a single migration. Different tribes and their way of life The men were hunters, warriors, and protectors, while the women tended to the children, their homes, and farmed. It depended on the tribe when it came to artwork. In some tribes, the men would actually weave baskets and blankets. Natural foods were consumed and hunted. Deer, buffalo, fish, and various birds were the game of choice. Corn, beans, squash, berries, nuts, and melons were the fruits and vegetables that were consumed
as far north as modern Santa Barbara. The Spaniards, of course, were hardly the first to discover this land of wonder and extremes. The earliest Californians were adventurous Asians who made their way across the Bering Straits to Alaska thousands of years ago when a warmer climate and a now-vanished land bridge made such travel easier. These men and women and their descendants settled North and South America, spreading out to form the various nations and tribes whom the first European visitors to this hemisphere dubbed "Indians." The mountain ranges of the Pacific Coast isolated these early settlers from the cultures that developed in neighboring Mexico and the western United States. Still, more than two hundred years passed before Spain made any concerted effort to colonize the coastal regions Cabrillo claimed for the crown. Coastal winds and currents made the voyage north difficult, and Spanish captains failed to find safe harbors for their crafts
Britain. He took with him two Roman legions. After winning several battles against the Britons in South-East England he returned to France. Second invasion - Caesar's second raid In 54 B.C. Julius Caesar came to Britain again landing at Walmer near Deal in Kent. This time he brought with him five legions (30,000 foot soldiers) and 2,000 cavalrymen (horse riders). This time the Romans crossed the River Thames. After more fighting, the British tribes promised to pay tribute to Rome and were then left in peace for nearly a century. Third and final invasion In 43 A.D. (43 years after Jesus was born) Emperor Claudius organised the final and successful Roman invasion of Britain. General Plautius led four legions with 25,000 men, plus an equal number of auxiliary soldiers. The biggest battle was fought on the banks of the River Medway. It went on for two days before the Celtic tribes retreated.
Native Americans Doris Luha 11.b Falling sea levels created the Bering land bridge that joined Siberia to Alaska, which began about 60,00025,000 years ago. The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre Columbian inhabitants of North and South America, their descendants and other ethnic groups who are identified with those peoples. There are over 500 recognized native American tribes in America. Agriculture and hunting There were four basic ways for people in ancient societies to find food: hunting and fishing, gathering, farming, and raising domesticated animals. Over the course of thousands of years, American indigenous peoples domesticated, bred and cultivated a large
The history of the English Language Kristin Klaus, 10a Short history · Started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain during the 5th century AD · The tribes: the Angles, the Saxons, the Jutes · At that time the inhabitants spoke a Celtic language · The invadors pushed them west and north Germanic invaders entered Britain on the east and south coasts in the 5th century. Old English · 450-1100 AD · The Germanic tribes spoke similar languages which developed into Old English · Did not sound or look like English today · About half of the most commonly used English words have Old English roots · Be, strong, water Part of Beowulf, a poem written in Old English. Middle English · 1100-1500 · In 1066 William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy (part of modern France), invaded and conquered England · The new conquerors (called the Normans) brought with them a kind of French, which became the
· Kenyan animal hide drums will always remind you of African rhythm. Wooden carvings often come as exiting mixture of black and brown. · Soap stones carvings are very beautiful and are popularly used to adorn homes with their smooth, eclectic look. · They clearly display the ingenuity and talents of Kenyans artisans. Dance · Dances in Kenya are an important part of its varied culture. Kenya has a number of tribes who have a variegated cultural patterns including both music and dance. Kenya Dance is associated with their rich tradition of music as well. Several dances have evolved depending on several music in Kenya. Moreover, several tribes in this country has several dance traditions. · The dances of Masai tribe is little different from other tribes that are inhabiting in Kenya. · As far as dance is concerned, Sikuti is the traditional dance form of the Luhya in western Kenya
· Large mammals extinct · 3,354 plant species · Fortingwall Y ew · Trees up to 65 metres RELIGION · Christianity: · Anglicanism · Roman Catholic Church · Patron Saint: Saint Alban · The Jews expelled from England in 1290 but allowed to return in 1656 Cantenbury Cathedral HISTORY Boxgrove Quarry, Sussex 500,000 years 8,000 years ago joined to the continent by a strip of low marsh. Gaelic tribes, Germanic tribes Kingdoms unified in 10th century 1066 William the Conqueror 1 May 1707 "United Kingdom of Great Britain" · Kasutatud kirjandus: http:// www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/world/countries/greatbritain.html · http://www.great-britain.co.uk/ · http://www.woodlands- junior.kent.sch.uk/customs/questions/britain/britain.htm · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain
means the children of heaven. The arrival of the Maori people to New Zealand is considered to be somewhat of a mystery. It is known that first Polynesians arrived to New Zealand about 1000 years ago, when navigator Kupe discovered the land in 950 AD. He named it Aotearoa The Land of the Long White Cloud. Although these facts can be debatable, I will focus my attention on this interpretation of Maori history. After the Maori arrived to New Zealand, they started to develop into tribes and sub tribes, this tribal system is still in use. Their culture had almost no influence from the rest of the world. They evolved a culture endorsed by agriculture and hunting. Of course the Maori were warriors as well. They had inter-tribal battles, mostly over territory and the losers became slaves or food. Regardless of that they are historically not to be considered as cannibals. There was only one tribe that were, other tribes just kept the heads of their defeated to secure their mana or enemy's power.
During the Civil War, Delaware was one of five border states – a slave state but remained in the Union Chemical industry Facts The abbreviation for Delaware is DE Named after Thomas West, Baron De La Warr Nicknames - Diamond State, First State Motto - liberty and independence Symbols State flower – peach blossom State tree – American holly State bird – blue hen chicken Flag American Indians in Delaware Two tribes – The Lenni Lenape tribe and the Nanticoke tribe The Delaware Indians were one of the most advanced tribes of the eastern United States. Today about 500 descendants of the original Nanticoke Indians reside in Delaware. Sights to see Fort Delaware State Park Delaware Agriculture Museum and Village Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library THANK YOU ! Sources & pictures used SOURCES: http://www.infoplease.com/us-states/delaware.html http://www
They started building individual graves. 1300BC the farming society became more important than the henge society. 55BC the Romans arrived. The Celts The Celts arrived from central Europe or further east around 700BC. They were tall and had fair or red hair and blue eyes. They knew how to work with iron. They are the ancestors of many people living in Britain today. Celtic languages are still spoken today. The Celts lived in tribes which were ruled by a chief. They did a lot of trading and the main trading centres were the capitals of England and Scotland. The Celtic tribes were ruled over druids who memorised religious teaching, tribal laws, history etc. The Romans The Romans invaded Britain because The Celts of Britain helped the Celts of Gaul to fight the Romans and because Britain had become a great food producer. Romans brought reading and writing skill to Britain
The main industries in USA are textile, chemical, mechanical and electronics. 9. The legislative branch enacts legislation, confirms or rejects presidential appointments, and has the authority to declare war.The executive branch carries out and enforces laws.The judicial branch interprets the meaning of laws, applies laws to individual cases, and decides if laws violate the Constitution. 10. The first Americans lived in teepees and hunted buffalos. There were many different tribes and their food, clothing, homes and art varied according to the climate and landscape around them. In West the tribes were hunters and in Southwest the tribes grew corn. American Indians today prefer to be called Native Americans, they helped the early settlers to adapt a life in a new country. When the settlers wanted to take over tribal land the Native American were forced to move to seperate areas called reservations. Traditional
Anglo-Saxon period Celts-came from Germany,2000-1200BC began to migrate to Britain,spoke Celtic language,were known as Britons,lived in small villages,round wooden huts-mainly farmers-no towns,organised in tribes with a king/queen as a leader,intertribal wars were very common,the Ancient Britons:one of the Celtic tribes living in Britain 4thBC,believed in different gods,governed by a class of priests-druids who had great power. Romans in Britain:55BC came to conquer Britain(Julius Caesar),brought their own civilization,taught Britons to build roads,bridges,houses,baths,temples,protected Britain for several hundred years,4thBC Romans left Britain,43AD Queen Boadicea of Iceni tribe lost their battle with Romans. Who were the next invaders and where did they come from?
Sewage – Kanalisatsioon Tax – Maks Tribe – Hõim Villa – Villa Etc – Jne HADRIAN’S WALL 6 .Ülesanne Kehtestama – Led Kaitse – Defense Tähistama – Victory Piir – Limits Täiendama – Supplemented Kraav – Diatch Muldvall – earthwork Piirama,Kitsendama – restricted Vahemaa – Intervals Oskustööline – Craftsmen Kaupmees – Traders Muljet avaldav , mõjukas – impressive 7.Ülesanne 1 . Britain Julius met in worth two great celtic tribes,the Brigantes and the Picts. 2. Caledonia is present – day Scotland it was wild mountains country and the people was Roman way of life . 3. Empreror Hadrian understood that it was impossible to introduce the northen people to the Roman way of life . 4. The emperor therefore ordered to build a great defensive wall wich would mark the northen limits of his empire and reparate the Romans from the Barbanians. 5. Hadrian’s wall was 208 kilometers long , six meters high , tree meters wide 6
ABORIGINES Renate Eensalu Australian Abrorigines Came to Australia for more than 50,000 years ago from the southeast of Asia. From the beginning. Hunter-gatheres. Dreaming. World – a shapeless mass of nothing. Ancestors. Tribes. Aboriginal art Present day The Aborigines today are in trouble. Widely discriminated against. Has a long way to go. Aboriginal lifestyle Nomadic life Following the seasons and food. Learned to live in harsh and inhospitable outback simply. Lived in camps or caves. Aboriginal hunters Aboriginal kids
Can be called the first English lyrics, about 40 lines. Talks about a scop who is not happy with his life. · A-S poetry was fatalistic in its nature (fate controls you, not you it) · The greatest known A-S song, the epic Beowulf. The oldest epic poem in Europe. Composed at the end of the 7th century, the only manuscript that has survived is from the 10th century. Contains references to real people and real events. Scene of the poem: Denmark, southern Sweden (the A-S tribes came from these places). The poem records the history of the A-S tribes and the Jutes, before they invaded the British Isles. It is written in Old English, the language is lofty (very poetic, formal), it has many supernatural elements and is filled with heroic warriors and their deeds. The hero of the story Beowulf is almost an ideal A-S warrior, the champion of freedom and justice, courageous, has supernatural strength, is loyal to his king and has a very
arriving in overwhelming numbers, as many "as the stars in heaven". The Europeans were accustomed to own land and laid claim to it while they considered the Indians to be nomads with no interest to claim land ownership. The conflicts led to the Indian Wars, the Indian Removal Act empowered by President Andrew Jackson in 1830 and other acts instituted by the Europeans in order to accomplish their objectives, as they viewed them at the time. In these wars the Indian tribes were at a great disadvantage because of their modest numbers, nomadic life, lack of advanced weapons, and unwillingness to cooperate, even in their own defense. The end of the wars more or less coincided with the end of the 19th century. The last major war was not really a war, it was a massacre in 1890 where Indian warriors, women, and children were slaughtered by U.S. cavalrymen at Wounded Knee and South Dakota, in a final spasm of ferocity.
The History of Estonia 8000 BC traces of first settlement at Pulli 3000 BC Finno-Ugric tribes arrive 1st cent AD Estonians mentioned in written records by Tacitus 1030 first written mention of Tartu 1154 first written mention of Tallinn, map of Estonia 1219 Danish invasion by the Teutonic Order 13th century German invasion by the Livonian Order 1343 St George's Night uprising 15th century serfdom begins to develop 16th century Reformation 1558.1583 The Livonian War between Sweden, Poland, Denmark, Russia 1629.1710 Swedish era
Test Unit 14 1. Translate. 1)täielikult kaduma - disappear wholly 2)haiguste käes kannatama - suffer from illnesses 3)Ameerika põliselanike hõimud - Native Americans tribes 4)Ameerikat avastama - discover America 5)ametlik keel - official language 6)orjusele lõppu tegema - make end slavery 7)traditsioone ja kultuuri hoidma - hold traditions and culture 8)immigrantide arv - number of immigrants 2. Complete the sentences. 1)The capital of Norway is Oslo. 2)Pirjo lives in Finland and she speaks Finnish. 3)Michail comes from Moscow. He speaks Russian. 4)What nationality are you? I'm Estonian. 5)The Dutch live in Holland. 6)Uwe's grandparents live in Germany
Alaska General information Area 1,717,854 km² (1st) Capital Juneau Population - 731,449 (47th) Native people Numerous tribes The Inuit people (eskimos) The Aleut people The Alutiiq people Colonisation Russians - 17th century Name origin Alaska (Russian) Alakshak (Aleutan) Peninsula Nicknames The Last Frontier Land of the Midnight Sun State of Alaska 1959 Symbols Flag - Seal - Symbols 2 Bird - Willow Ptarmigan Dog - Alaskan Malamute Sport Dog Mushing
Entered the Union - March 3, 1845 (27th) Every NASA human space flight since December 1968 has been launched from J.F Kennedy Space Center in Florida. FACTS The state abbreviation for Florida is FL Nickname - the Sunshine State Motto - In God we trust STATE SYMBOLS Flower – orange blossom Bird – mockingbird Animal – Florida panther Tree – Sabal (cabbage) palmetto FLAG indians in florida The Seminoles Two federally recognized tribes in Florida today DISNEY WORLD Opened - October 1, 1971 52.5 million visitors annually UNIVERSAL ORLANDO Two theme parks - Universal Studios Florida and Islands of Adventure Night-time entertainment complex - Universal CityWalk Orlando EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK The largest subtropical wilderness in the United States Home for numerous rare and endangered species like the manatee, American crocodile, and the Florida panther. ST. AUGUSTINE
protohistory. It is complicated by the fact that although the Roman Empire influenced every part of Scotland during the period from the arrival of the legions in c. AD 71 to their departure in 213 their occupation was neither complete nor continuous and that the idea of both "Scots" and of "Scotland" as a discrete entity did not emerge until many centuries later. Throughout this time the geographical area of Scotland was occupied by several different tribes utilising Iron Age technology with a wide variety of relationships both to one another and to Ancient Rome. Although the Roman presence was an important time in Scottish history, not least because it was when written records first emerged, Roman influence on Scottish culture was not enduring. The Roman invasion under Quintus Petillius Cerialis began in AD 71 and culminated in the battle of Mons Graupius at an unknown location in northern Scotland in 84
These Stone Age people lived in limestone caves, used stone axes and bones as tools. Later groups of people from what are now Germany, the Netherlands and France also settled there. During the Bronze Age they mined tin, gold and copper and made bronze tools. The descendants of the Iberians are thought to have built spectacular megaliths including the world-famous Stonehenge on Salisbury Plain. The Celts invaded the British Isles in the 5th century BC. One of the Celtic tribes was called the Brythons from whom the name Britain derived. The Celts were miners, traders and cattle farmers. They brought the knowledge of smelting iron with them. The Celtic language still lives in the Welsh language. While the Celts were still living in tribes, the Romans were the most powerful people in the world. The already a common law system that united the people who spoke different languages but lived under the Romans. The language of Romans was Latin
mythology and religious structure. Among Celts in close contact with Ancient Rome, such as the Gauls and Celtiberians, their mythology did not survive the Roman empire, their subsequent conversion to Christianity, and the loss of their Celtic languages. It is mostly through contemporary Roman and Christian sources that their mythology has been preserved. The Celts peoples who maintained either their political or linguistic identities (such as the Gaels and Brythonic tribes of Great Britain and Ireland) left vestigial remnants of their forebears' mythologies, put into written form during the Middle Ages. Though the Celtic world at its apex covered much of western and central Europe, it was not politically unified nor was there any substantial central source of cultural influence or homogeneity; as a result, there was a great deal of variation in local practices of Celtic religion (although certain motifs, for example the god Lugh, appear to have diffused
Old English ( 450-1100 AD) The invading Germanic tribes spoke similar languages, which in Britain developed into what we now call Old English. Old English did not sound or look like English today. Native English speakers now would have great difficulty understanding Old English. Old English was spoken until around 1100. Middle English (1100-1500) In 1066 William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy invaded England. The new conquerors brought with
4% are Black, about 13 million; 0.5% are Asian, about 1 million; and 0.4% are Amerindian, about 519,000. Most native peoples who live and lived within Brazil's current borders are thought to descend from the first wave of migrants from North Asia (Siberia) that crossed the Bering Land Bridge at the end of the last Ice Age around 9000 BC. In 1500 AD, the territory of modern Brazil had an estimated total population of nearly 3 million Amerindians divided in 2,000 nations and tribes. Brazil is the world's tenth largest economy at market exchange rates and the ninth largest in purchasing power. Economic reforms have given the country new international projection. It is a founding member of the United Nations and the Union of South American Nations. A predominantly Roman Catholic, Portuguese-speaking, and multiethnic society, Brazil is also home to a diversity of wildlife, natural environments, and extensive natural resources in a variety of protected habitats.
The most important key dates in Estonian history Every country has its history and some moments are more important than the others. Here are some of the most notable dates from Estonian history. 3rd millennium BC the Finno-Ugric tribes arrive in Estonia 1154 First written mention of Tallinn (by al-Idrisi) 13th century German and Danish invade Estonia. Estonians' numerous attempts to restore independence fail 1343 St. George's Night uprising 1558-1583 the Livonian War after which Northern Estonia is occupied by Sweden and Southern Estonia occupied by Poland 1632 Tartu University was founded
place. State flag The flag of New Mexico. First time in New Mexico : Spanish explorers in 1540. On the flag: Red sun with rays stretching out from it. Joining the Union Jan. 6, 1912. 47th state Not a state at the time of the Civil War. (Union) Symbols Flower: yucca Tree: pinon Animal: black bear Bird: roadrunner Fish: cutthroat trout Vegetables: chili and frijol Gem: turquoise Song: "O Fair New Mexico" Spanishlanguage song: "Asi Es Nuevo Méjico" American Indian tribes Pueblos Major sites to see The Plaza - The Heart of Santa Fe The Railyard - Not Just for Trains New Mexico's Pueblos Interesting facts is the highest capital city in the United States at 7,000 feet above sea level. es makes the world's largest enchilada the first weekend in October at the "Whole Enchilad xico is one of the four-corner states. Bordering at the same point with Colorado, Utah and Ar
North Carolina's official flag was adopted in 1885. l Symbols l Flower: dogwood (1941) l Tree: pine (1963) l Bird: cardinal (1943) l Mammal: gray squirrel (1969) l Insect: honeybee (1973) l Reptile: eastern box turtle (1979) Symbols l Gemstone: emerald (1973) l Shell:scotch bonnet (1965) l Historic boat: shad boat (1987) l Beverage: milk (1987) l Rock:granite (1979) l Dog:plott hound (1989) l Song : "The Old North State" (1927) l Fruit: scuppernong grape (2001) American Indian tribes l Cherokees l Lumbee Tribe l Chicora Major sites to see l Great Smoky Mountains l Blue Ridge l Lookout, Cape Interesting facts l The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill is the oldest State University in the United States l The University of North Carolina's mascot, the Tarheels, is a nickname for North Carolinians that supposedly came from the days when NC produced a lot of tar, and someone saw a set of footprints made by someone who had stepped in the tar Interesting facts l
St James's Palace was built by King Henry VIII in the 16th century. Since 1837 the monarch has lived in Buckingham Palace LONDON'S EARLY HISTORY The Romans invaded England in 43 AD. They landed in Kent, made their way to the River Thames and sailed up it. Then they settled in a place on the north bank, where the river was not to wide. This settlement was called Londinium. A bridge was later built across the Thames. Roman London Tribes in England fought the Romans. The Iceni tribe, led by Queen Boudicca, burned down Londinium in 61 AD. The Romans later defeated the tribes and restored Londinium. It became the capital of Roman Brittan. A Basilica, forum and fort were built, plus a wall around the city. The Romans ruled until 410. Medieval London After Edward came King Harold in1066. Later that year he was defeated by William, Norman duke. William I was crowned king in Westminster Abbey. In
Module 1 Check your progress 1a 1. 've just read 2. has painted 3. show 4. has created 5. have studied 6. loves 1b 1. made 2. loved 3. was singing 4. started 5. saw, wanted 6. impressed 7. had happened, was 1c 1. Various studies are being done by researchers in order to underdtand the healing techniques of tribes. 2. Many rainforest plants have been tsted for a cure for cancer. 3. Huge areas of rainforest are being destroyed every day. 4. Medication is being developed from frog poison. 5. Fascinating insights have been gained into some of the rainforests' secrets. 6. Lots of new mwdications will be developed in the future to help people with cancer. 7. Aspirin was made into a modern medicine in 1897 by German scientists. 1d 1
Navajo NAHvuhho Location Still living in their traditional territory Arizona, New Mexico, Utah and Colorado 17,5 million acres From low dry desert to mountains Tribes Navajo Nation has 300,048 tribal members 150,000 speak Navajo language (Athabaskan language) and others speak English Easy Word ''yi'it'eeh''(Yah-ah-t-ay) means hello `Ats'osi Dine' Feather People, Hasht['ishnii - Mud Clan, Kinyaa'1anii - Towering House People Beliefs Religion Christianity, Native American Church and traditional Navajo people(The Dines) belive that there is two classes of people: the Earth People and the Holy People
stone and wood, built the first roads. corn as well as tamed and bred animals. · There can be find Neolithic burial · Also learned the art of pottery and chambers and huge temples. made things of wool, metal and copper. · Stonehenge as the best known · The celtic tribes were ruled by a prehistoric monument in Britain and one warrior class, priests or Druids. of the world's greatest mysteries. · Druids couldn't read or write, but · It was built in several stages. they memorised all the religious teachings, the tribal laws, history,
Population. By 1900, the population had grown to more than 102,000 people Now Los Angeles has a population of 12,9 million people. The history of Los Angeles. In the 1870s, Los Angeles was still little more than a village of 5,000. By 1900, there were over 100,000 occupants of the city. The first railroad, San Pedro Railroad, in what is today Los Angeles was inaugurated in October 1869 The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva and Chumash Native American tribes thousands of years ago Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level
This often involved inventing new words for totems but was based on their superstitious beliefs in a personal spirit and ghosts. The belief in a personal spirit was based on the Dreamtime stories that told the people that birth was the result of a spirit-child entering a woman's body. Or in some parts of the country, birth had been an act of the creators. The Aborigines considered some places to be sacred. In some parts of Australia the tribes called the places where initiation ceremonies were held, bora grounds. They were called Buna grounds in other parts of the country, but the sites were not randomly chosen and were used for thousands of years by the tribe. The bora ground itself was identified by two circles that were drawn on the ground or were formed by rocks or pebbles. The circles were connected by a path and other symbols were drawn into the earth or carved into trees near the grounds
Chinas pasture resources • There is great diversity of psture types • A range of forages and pasture plants havebeen developed to suit the various zones • Pastures of family farms belong to the state and grazing rights are leased. Western Himalaya • The transhumance systems are similar throughtout. • Overwintering in lowlands gives herders access both to markets and opportunities for seasonal employment • Herders belong into minority tribes Bhutan case study • No crops are grown, only a few vegetables • Stock numbers are on raise and andpastures generally hard grazed • Bush enchroachment is exerbated by a ban of pasture burning to improve wildlife habitat • Major problem is winter mortality of younger and weaker animals due to malnutrition • Oats have shown considerable promise but seed supply has still to be organized Nepal case study • Two grazing systems were studied both in raising chauris for milk
The first inhabitants the Iberians also had to change in order to survive. They had to renew their menu from different kinds of plants and animals to those special ones found in the woods of England. Another important change was connected with moving around. An island has water surrounding it, so temporarily changing homes is not possible even if the northern part is too cold to live and the southern too warm. The inhabitants were cut off from any tribes that could support them and therefore had to survive on their own. As for more, soon invaders began to change the native population. The Celts, the Romans, the Vikings, then the Normandians all wanted to live somewhere, gain power and finally, settle down. Since they were not the first ones to live in England, it was a little bit easier for them to adopt the new land, yet none of their rule lasted long enough to defeat British nature from toe to top. Even now some parts of England
Currency is New Zealand Dollar NZD LANGUAGES New Zealand English Te Reo Maori New Zealand Sign HISTORY Ancestors of Mori, arrived from Polynesia between 1200 and 1300 AD In 1642, a Dutch Explorer Abel Tasman, was the first European to discover New Zealand In 1769, Captain James Cook reached the islands. The first European to land on them 18th and 19th centuries Europeans began to officially settle on New Zealand The Treaty of Waitangi - protection Maori lands if the tribes recognize British control MAORI PAKEHA 20TH CENTURY MILITARY New Zealand Thousands of New After World War I troops fought Zealanders died was established overseas again in overseas in the the tradition of the Second World First World War ANZAC (Australian and War in support of New Zealand Army Corps) the UK
I Native Americans · Origin of Native Americans Origin is debatable Siberia->Alaska Crossed the land bridge around 14,000 years ago "ice-free corridor" Hunters, searching for fresh grounds · Different tribes and their way of life In tents, dark skin, hair is long, black and straight, women-agriculture, men- hunting. bands(chief. Travelled together) and tribes land was owned by the tribe that occupied it. 200 different tribes Apache- "enemy"- hunted buffalos, oil and natural gas from their land Cherokee- largest tribe Cheyenne- from Minnesota and S & N Dakota. High system of laws Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Signed in 1787 by Thomas Jefferson. The creation of the Northwest Territory as the first organized territory Ohio River was settled, 5 new states Advancement of education, maintenance of civil liberties, exclusion of slavery Promised not to invade or disturb Indians
island Tasmania, became isolated form the rest of Asia. 2. The earliest inhabitants The earliest humans living in Australia are called Aborigines and they are descended (pärinevad) from among the earliest humans in the world. For thousands of years Aborigines lived as hunter-gatherers along the coast and in the inland desert areas, following the same lifestyle as their ancestors. 3. Finding food and water Aboriginal tribes obtained water from trees and roots and even squeezed water out of the bodies of frogs. Women collected anything that grew or moved, including fruit, lizards, snakes, roots, grass, etc. Their skill in finding food even in the most extreme conditions often kept the whole group alive. 4. Hunting Large mammals, now extinct (väljasurnud), roamed some areas (hulkusid mingitel aladel) of Australia and provided (andsid) meat for the aboriginal hunters. Other areas were richer in
They had a strange and cruel religion, sometimes human beings were sacrificed. In 43 AD the Roman Invasion in Britain started. The millions of people who lived under the Romans, were bound together under a common system of law and government. Ancient Rome had an enormous influence on the development of Western civilization. Julius Caesar reached the shores of Gaul in 55 BC. The Romans, having better arms, armour, organization, and training, defeated the Celtic tribes. The next invasion took place under the Emperor Claudius, this time the Romans occupied Britain for almost 4 centuries. During that time, Britain was ruled as a province. The Romans taught the Britons to build bridges, houses and paved roads. They also built public baths. Many of Britain's main towns and cities were established by the Romans. Latin influenced the early development of the English language. The capital city, London, was also built during that time
ships calling, merchants will inevitably set up shops. 3) The Celtic warrior queen Boudicca and her tribesmen fought against the Roman conquest and devastated Londinium. The city was burned down and its inhabitants massacred. 4) London was rapidly rebuilt and in AD 122 the Roman walls were built around it as a defence. 5) The Romans left Britain early in the 5th century because they had to cope with troubles elsewhere in the Empire. 6) Around AD 400 the Germanic tribes invaded Britain. 7) London fell into ruins because the Anglo-Saxons destroyed the Roman towns and formed many kingdoms that were hostile to one another. 8) All the small Anglo-Saxon kingdoms were united by king Egbert at the beginning of the 9th century. He formed one kingdom called England. 9) The powerful Saxon king Alfred the Great made London the capital of the country at the end of the 9th century. 10) In the 9th century the Vikings attacked London.
Test 15 1 Translate. 1 Maakera kliima on muutunud. The climate of the Earth has changed. 2 Põlisameeriklaste suguharud vahetasid kaupu. Nateive American tribes exchanged goods. 3 Nende põhilised vaated olid sarnased. Their basic views were similar. 4 Nad austasid kõiki eluvorme. They respected every form of life. 5 Valged asukad liikusid läände. The white settlers moved westward. 6 Tänapäeval elavad paljud põlisameeriklased reservaatides. Today lots of Native Americans live in reservations. 7 kellegisse armuma fall in love with sb 8 kellestki / millestki erinema differ from sb/sth 2 Write the missing forms.
g. Stonehenge, the Avebury ring. The Roman Invasion 55-54 BC, Julius Caesar ruled Rome, Rome built the Hadrian's wall (73 miles long, built in 121 127 AD) against the Picts and Scots, bits have survived till today. The Romans bring along the Christian faith The beginning of Christianization of the Celts. The Romans withdrew their forces together with the fall of the Roman empire. Anglo Saxon Invasion 5th 6th century AD. Germanic tribes from Scandinavia: the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes settle in what today is known as England and force the Celtic tribes to move to Scotland, Ireland, Wales. The Angles settled in Northumberland, East Anglia, Mercia; The Saxons in Essex, Sussex, Wessex and the Jutes in Kent. 569 AD Pope Gregory the great sends missionaries led by St. Augustine to Britain. The Benedictines establish a chain of monasteries; Britain is linked to the Latin civilization of the roman Church and
Preparation for growing season festivals. ANIGADUGI SOCIETY (volunteer group that helps poor elderly + sick) active RIPE CORN MOON (July) Dances+celebrations dedicated to Earth Mother FRUIT MOON (August) Cathering fruits, herbs+other medicinal plants NUT MOON (September) Festival honoring SELU (Spirit of the corn, aka. Firts Woman) Beginning of main hunting season HARVEST MOON (October) Give thanks for good harvest. TRADING MOON (November) The main mounth. Trading between villages+with other tribes. Friendship Festival all signs forgiven (exept murders) Recall the time before ,,world selfishness+greed" Make sure needy are ready for winter. SNOW MOON (Dec) Time, when Earth and people rest, when elders teach young people. COLD MOON (January) Personal+family rituals Fasting + purification Repair tools Continue education of kids New fires are made Celebration of arrival of the morning, star (Venus) in the East. BONY MOON (February) Feasts to remember ancestors
1. What are the capitals of the 4 constituent countries? England- London; Northen Ireland- Belfast; Scotland- Edinburgh; Wales- Cardiff 2. Order the invaders in correct chronological order: Anglo-Saxons, Normans, Romans, Celts. Romans Anglusaxons , Norman 3. How did the Celts influence Britain? Language. Wars. Engand and Scotland eventually became 1 contry 4. How many people approximately speak English? Approximately 600 million 5. Who (which tribes) gave the base of the English language?Germanic tribes- Anglo-Saxons. 6. Describe Wales.- Wales is a mountainous country on the western side of Great Britain. The national game of Wales is Rugby. Flag- Red dragon on a green and white field. They have their own language Cymraeg ( Welsh) . Anthem- Land Of My Fathers. Official animal- Dragon. There used to be a lot of coalmines. 7. What are the symbols of the 4 constituent countries?
cereal grains for neighboring groups through bond partnerships. The crops grown by the Arbore are sorghum, maize,cow pea, green, gourd and pumpkin. The Arbore, the sorghum growing specialist among the tribes in Omo valley depends on rainfall and the Weito river Portrait of a girl from Arbore tribe for their sorghum cultivation. carrying firewood on her back The Arbore are very active traders and spread into distant areas. Traditions, habits Arbore women are well known or their long headdresses. The girls shave their heads to ndicate virginity, and only start growing hair after marriage .
The capital city is Nashville, and the largest city is Memphis. Tennessee has 95 counties. The earliest variant of the name that became Tennessee was recorded by Captain Juan Pardo, the Spanish explorer, in 1567 while traveling inland from South Carolina. History The area now known as Tennessee was first settled by Paleo-Indians nearly 11,000 years ago. When Spanish explorers first visited the area (led by Hernando de Soto) in 15391543, it was inhabited by several tribes (Muscogee, Yuchi people). As European colonists spread into the area, the native populations were displaced to the south and west. Many battles were fought in the state, for example in 1862 and 1863. Symbols The official state flag of Tennessee was adopted on the 17th of April in 1905. The three white stars in the center symbolize the three different geographical regions of Tennessee. The white circle binds them together. The blue stripe along the margin was added for distinction when
Navajos are also known for their basket work. They believe the First Man and First Woman made baskets for ceremonial purposes. Each part of the basket has a very distinct meaning. Like Navajo textiles, only women generally make baskets. Some Navajo baskets have specific symbols and colors, such as a red design to represent darkness and clouds, and a black triangular layer to represent all of the Holy People. The four Sacred Mountains are represented by a black triangle. Different tribes use different materials, weaving techniques, basket shapes, and characteristic patterns. Sandpainting Traditional sandpainting, considered a sacred art, is important aspect of Navajo art and culture. Sandpainting consists of images and patterns created with colored sand. These usually depict the deities of the Navajo but also plant and animal symbols. There are two very distinct and very different forms of Navajo Sand Paintings
Obviously Boudicca was not happy about it and start an uprising. Boudicca's revolt was in 60-62 AD. Druids A druid was a member of a priestly class in Britain, Ireland, Gaul and possibly other parts of Celtic Europe and Galatia during the Iron Age and possibly earlier. Very little is known about the ancient druids because they left no written accounts about themselves. They were healers, teachers etc. Celtic language There are actualle many Celtic languages.( there were many Celtic tribes and every tribe had a litte bit different language). Celtic languages are also spoken in todays Europe (Welsh,Cornish etc). Celtic warfare Celts loved ware. They fought very often with eachother and with strangers. They fought naked(painted in blue). Their chariots had spikes on the wheels. They liked to throw spears and took great pride of their weaponary. They also chopped their opponents in battle and it was considered a
It had strong economy and the strongest navy that any one had ever seen, so it was till the world wars. The British Isles, because of their good geographical position have been conqured only twice. And both occasions had a great influence on the language. First came Latin with the conquest of Roman Empire. Latin gave some terms to English and now it is a scientific language. Romans stayed for half a century, when they left, different Germanic tribes came and estabilished new kingdoms. They brought a new language with them. The Old English is developed from their Germanic dialects. After that, came Christians and brought new words like martyr, bishop etc. The second and last conquest was in 1066, when the Duke of Normandie, also known as William the Conqurer, invaded England to claim his right to the throne. He was the one who estabilished the House of Normandy. He brought Old French to England making it the official language
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