Vajad kellegagi rääkida?
Küsi julgelt abi LasteAbi
Logi sisse

MRSA (0)

1 Hindamata
Punktid

Esitatud küsimused

  • Mis on MRSA ja miks vahede vahel nimetatakse seda superbakteriks"?
  • Miks räägitakse uudistes MRSAst?
  • Kuidas MRSA muutus enamasti haiglainfektsioonist ühiskonnas probleemiks?
  • Kuidas kaitsta ennast MRSA vastu ühiskonnas?
  • Mida peab tegema kui tekib MRSA infektsiooni kahtlus?

MRSA : Understand your risk and how to prevent infection
James Steckelberg, M.D.
MRSA - or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus - has been a problem in hospital and health care settings for years . But this highly drug-resistant bacterium has gained attention in recent years for its role in several deaths among otherwise healthy school-age athletes. Are MRSA infections on the rise ? What are the real risks of MRSA infection for you or your child? And what can you do to protect against MRSA infection? James Steckelberg, M.D., an infectious disease specialist at Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minn., answers these and other common questions about MRSA.
What is MRSA, and why is it sometimes referred to as a "superbug"?
  • MRSA in hospitals. MRSA infection is caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria - often called "staph." Many years ago, a strain of staph emerged in hospitals that was resistant to the broad -spectrum antibiotics commonly used to treat it. Dubbed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), it has been called a "superbug" by the media because of its multiple drug resistance . MRSA can cause serious , sometimes fatal, infections that resist treatment with all but a few drugs - for example, vancomycin, linezolid or daptomycin. Some extremely rare strains of MRSA that are resistant even to vancomycin are starting to turn up in some hospitals.
  • MRSA in the community. In the 1990s , a type of MRSA began showing up outside hospital settings - in the wider community. These strains aren 't the same as those associated with health care settings and hospitals. Today , these forms of staph, known as community-associated MRSA, or CA-MRSA, are responsible for many serious skin and soft tissue infections and for a serious form of pneumonia . And while CA-MRSA initially was found more outside the hospital setting, that is changing . Strains of CA-MRSA are now found with increasing frequency in hospitals and other health-care settings.

A variety of staph bacteria are normally found on the skin or in the nose of about three in every 10 people at any given time. If you have staph on your skin or in your nose but aren't sick, you are considered to be "colonized" but not infected. Staph bacteria are generally harmless unless they enter the body through a cut or other wound , and even then they often cause only minor skin infections in healthy people. But sometimes, usually in older adults and people who are ill or have weakened immune systems, ordinary staph infections can cause serious illness .
Although 30 percent of the population may be colonized with ordinary staph at any given time, just a small percentage of those people are colonized with MRSA. Healthy people can be colonized with MRSA and have no ill effects . However , they can pass the germ to others by sharing items such as towels, clothing and athletic equipment.
Several antibiotics continue to be effective against MRSA in the community, but this type of MRSA is a newly evolved bacterium, and it may be a matter of time before some community associated strains become resistant to most antibiotics.
Why is MRSA in the news?
A CDC report published in an October 2007 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association suggested that MRSA infections are more prevalent than previously thought . This doesn't necessarily represent an increase in MRSA, however, because MRSA has simply not been measured in this way before. At about the same time, news reports emerged of student staph infections and deaths in several states . The combination of those events and the new data is doubly distressing, especially for parents .
How did MRSA evolve from a mainly hospital problem to a community problem?
It isn't known how MRSA in the community has evolved. It didn't originate from the hospital variety. One explanation is that drug-resistant bacteria may have developed from the overuse and misuse of antibiotics.
The vast majority of MRSA infections — 85 percent — are still found in hospitals and other health care settings rather than in the community. However, clusters of community-associated MRSA skin infections have been found in athletes, military members, children , Pacific Islanders, Alaskan Natives, American Indians, men who have sex with men, and prisoners . Risk factors in these groups may include :
  • Close skin-to-skin contact
  • Openings in the skin such as cuts or abrasions
  • Contaminated items and surfaces such as clothes and athletic equipment
  • Crowded living conditions
  • Poor hygiene (although even very clean people can get staph infections)

Is MRSA spreading rampantly, or is it just being monitored more closely?
Staph infections have always been among the most common, and potentially the most serious, infections. The proportion of those infections now resistant to antibiotics (MRSA) has risen in comparison with those without such antibiotic resistance. This may be because of overuse and misuse of antibiotics and transmission of the virus between hospital patients. Also, the number of people at risk of such infections — such as those with a chronic illness, on kidney dialysis, exposed in a health care setting, or who use intravenous catheters or other implanted medical devices — has steadily risen with changes in health care and an aging population.
What's the best defense against MRSA in the community?
Protecting yourself from MRSA in the community — which might be just about anywhere — may seem daunting, but these common- sense precautions can help reduce your risk:
  • Wash your hands . Careful hand washing remains your best defense against germs. Scrub hands briskly for at least 15 seconds, then dry them with a disposable towel and use another towel to turn off the faucet. Carry a small bottle of hand sanitizer containing at least 62 percent alcohol for times when you don't have access to soap and water.
  • Keep personal items personal. Avoid sharing personal items such as towels, sheets, razors, clothing and athletic equipment. MRSA spreads on contaminated objects as well as through direct contact.
  • Keep wounds covered. Keep cuts and abrasions clean and covered with sterile, dry bandages until they heal. The pus from infected sores may contain MRSA, and keeping wounds covered will help keep the bacteria from spreading.
  • Shower after athletic games or practices . Shower immediately after each game or practice . Use soap and water. Don't share towels.
  • Sit out athletic games or practices if you have a concerning infection. If you have a wound that's draining or appears infected — for example is red, swollen, warm to the touch or tender — consider sitting out athletic games or practices until the wound has healed .
  • Sanitize linens. If you have a cut or sore , wash towels and bed linens in a washing machine set to the "hot" water setting (with added bleach , if possible) and dry them in a hot dryer. Wash gym and athletic clothes after each wearing.
  • Get tested. If you have a skin infection that requires treatment, ask your doctor if you should be tested for MRSA. Doctors may prescribe drugs that aren't effective against antibiotic-resistant staph, which delays treatment and creates more resistant germs. Testing specifically for MRSA may get you the specific antibiotic you need to effectively treat your infection.
  • Use antibiotics appropriately. When you're prescribed an antibiotic, take all of the doses, even if the infection is getting better. Don't stop until your doctor tells you to stop. Don't share antibiotics with others or save unfinished antibiotics for another time. Inappropriate use of antibiotics, including not taking all of your prescription and overuse, contributes to resistance. If your infection isn't improving after a few days of taking an antibiotic, contact your doctor.

Is it necessary to sanitize buses and close schools for cleaning?
Most MRSA is spread through skin-to-skin contact or through shared items such as towels, razors and bandages. In most cases , it's not necessary to close schools unless an outbreak of MRSA cannot be controlled otherwise. It's possible that surfaces — such as a bus seat — may be contaminated for hours to days, but infection is not a likely result . Following the tips above is the most effective means of preventing MRSA infection.
If you suspect an MRSA infection, what should you do?
Closely watch minor skin problems — pimples, insect bites, cuts and scrapes — especially in children and older adults. If wounds become infected, see your doctor. Indications of an infected wound include increasing skin redness, swelling, warmth, tenderness, pus drainage and sometimes fever. If you test positive for staph infection, ask that the skin culture growing staph be tested for MRSA. Drugs that treat ordinary staph aren't effective against MRSA. Using these ineffective drugs could lead to serious illness and more resistant bacteria.
MRSA: riski hindamine ja infektsiooni leviku tõkke.
MRSA e. Metitsiliin - resistentne Staphylococcus aureus – on suureks probleemiks haiglate – ja tervishoiuasutuste jaoks juba aastaid. Kuid see muidu väga ravimresistentne bakter pälvis suuremat tähelepanu viimastel aastatel, kui osutus mitme muidu terve koolinoorte sportlaste surmapõhjuseks. Kas MRSA infektsioon on tõusutendentsiga? Millised on tegelikud MRSA infektsiooni riskid sinu ja su lapse jaoks? Ja mida sina saaksid teha, et kaitsta ennast infektsiooni vastu? Vastab James Steckelberg, M.D.
Mis on MRSA ja miks vahede vahel nimetatakse seda „superbakteriks“?
  • MRSA haiglates. MRSA infektsioon põhjustatud Stafülokokk aureus bakteri poolt. Aastaid tagasi haiglates ilmnes stafülokokkide tüvi, mis osutus resistentseks laia spektri antibiootikumide suhtes. Superbakteriks MRSA nimetatud meedia poolt bakteri multiresistentsuse tõttu. MRSA võib põhjustada tõsiseid, vahel isegi fataalseid infektsioone, mida saab ravida ainult üksiku antibiootikumiga: vankomütsiin, linesoliid, daptomütsiin. Ent üksikud väga harvad MRSA tüved, mis on resistentsed ka vankomütsiini suhtes, hakkavad üksikutes haiglas tekitama probleeme.
  • MRSA ühiskonnas. 1990Te alguses MRSA hakkas levima ka väljaspool haiglaid laiemas kogukonnas. Need tüved ei ole samad, mis esinevad tervishoiuasutustes. Need stafülokokkide tüved, nn ühiskonnaga-seotud MRSA ( community - associated MRSA e. CA-MRSA), põhjustavad raskeid naha ja pehmete kudede infektsioone ning rasket pneumooniat. Vaatamata sellele, et CA-MRSA algul oli pigem haigla väline infektsioon, nüüd muutub see sagedasemaks probleemiks ka haiglate osakondade jaoks.

Erinevaid stafülokokke leiab normaalselt nahal või nina limaskestal 30% elanikkonnast. Juhul, kui stafülokokk leidub nahal või nina limaskestal, kui inimene pole haige, siis seda protsessi nimetatakse kolonisatsiooniks, mitte infektsiooniks. Bakter on üldiselt kahjutu seni, kuni ta läbib haavade või lõigete kaudu kudedesse, aga ka siis ta põhjustab väikseid nahapõletikke tervetel inimestel. Kuid vanematel, raskelt haigetel ja alanenud immuunvastusega inimestel võib stafülokokk põhjustada raskeid tervisehäireid.
Kuigi 30% inimkonnast on stafülokokkiga koloniseeritud, väga väike osa sellest osast on koloniseeritud MRSAga. Terved inimesed võivad olla koloniseeritud MRSAga ilma igasuguste haigusnähtudeta. Kuid need inimesed võivad levitada pisikuid teistele rätikute, riiete ning spordivahendite kaudu.
Mitmed antibiootikumid on jätkuvalt efektiivsed MRSA vastu, kuid see on aja küsimus, millal ühiskonnaga seotud MRSAst kujuneb välja polüresistentne bakter.
Miks räägitakse uudistes MRSAst?
Haiguste leviku kontrolli keskus (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ; CDC (USA)) avaldas Journal of the American Medical Association 2007 aastal oktoobri numbris arvamust, et MRSA levik on palju suurem, kui seda on varem arvatud. See ei tähenda, et on tõusnud MRSA levik, vaid pigem näitab seda, et levikut pole lihtsalt mõõdetud varem. Samal ajal uudiste saated hoiatasid stafülokokkilise infektsiooni leviku ja põhjustatud surma üliõpilaste seas mitmes USA osariigis. Nende sündmuste ja uue informatsiooni koostoimel tekkib suur mure, eriti vanemate seas.
Kuidas MRSA muutus enamasti haiglainfektsioonist ühiskonnas probleemiks?
Pole täpselt teada, kuidas MRSA arenes ühiskonnas. See ei tulene ka haiglamiljööst. Üks seletus võiks olla see, et resistentne bakter arenes välja vale- või liigse-antibiootikude kasutamise tagajärjel.
Enamus MRSA infektsioonidest ( ligi 85%) jätkuvalt esineb haigla seinte vahel või teistes tervishoiuasutustes, mitte üldpopulatsioonis. Siiski, CA-MRSA põhjustatud nahainfektsioone esineb enamasti sportlaste, sõjaväelaste ja laste seas; Vaikse Ookeani saarlaste ja põliste alasakalaste ning Ameerika indiaanlaste seas; homoseksuaalsete meeste ja vangide seas. Riskifaktorid nendes rühmades võiksid olla:
  • tihe nahakontakt;
  • nahakahjustused, nagu haavad ja marrastused;
  • saastatud esemed ja pinnad, riided, spordivarustus;
  • üleasustatud elamistingimused;
  • halb hügieen (isegi väga puhtad inimesed võivad saada infektsiooni).

Kas MRSA levib pidurdamatult või seda on paremini monitoriseeritud?
Stafülokokk-infektsioon oli alati kõige sagedam ja potentsiaalselt kõige ohtlikum infektsioon. MRSA osakaal nende infektsioonide hulgas on tõusutendentsiga võrreldes tundlike stafülokokkide infektsiooni hulgaga. See võib olla põhjustatud antibiootikumide kontrollimatu kasutamisega , aga põhjustatud ka viiruste levikutega haigete vahel. Tervishoiuteenuste ja populatsiooni vananemise tõttu on suurenenud ka haigete hulk, kes kuuluvad riskirühma: krooniliste haigustega haiged, neeruasendusravil olevad patsiendid ning haiged, kellel asetatud intravenoossed kateetrid ja teised implanteeritud vahendid.
Kuidas kaitsta ennast MRSA vastu ühiskonnas?
Algul tundub hirmuäratavad vahendid, kui tavalised ettevaatusabinõud MRSA leviku vähendamiseks ühiskonnas on järgmised:
  • Pese käed. Hoolikas käsipesu on parim kaitse bakterite vastu. Küüri käsi hoolikalt 15 sek jooksul, kuivata salvrätikuga ning teise rätikuga sule segisti. Kanna kaasas väikest purki vähemalt 62% alkoholiga nendeks hetkedeks, kui pole seepi ja vett käepärast.
  • Hoia isiklikud vahendid isiklikult. Väldi rätikute, linade, pardlite, riiete ja spordivarustuse jagamist teistega . MRSA levib nende vahendite kaudu sama hästi, kui tiheda kontakti kaudu.
  • Hoia haavad kaetuna. Hoia haavad ja marrastused puhtana, kaetud steriilselt seni, kui nad paranevad. Haavad võivad sisaldada mäda koos MRSAga, mis kaetuna ei levi edasi.
  • Mine dussi ala peale sportimist. Kasuta vett ja seepi. Ära jaga rätikuid teistega.
  • Väldi sportlike tegevusi, kui sul on mingi infektsioon hetkel. Juhul, kui sul on haav , mis eritub või näeb infitseeritud välja ( punetav , niiske, soe, puutumisel tundlik) väldi sportlike tegevusi, kuni haav ei parane.
  • Pese linu. Kui sul on haav, siis pese linu ja rätikuid pesumasinas kuumas vees võimalusel koos valgendajaga ning kuivata neid kuumas kuivatis. Pese spordirõivaid iga kord, kui oled neid kandnud.

Kontrolli ennast. Kui sul on nahapõletikke, mis vajavad ravi, konsulteeri oma raviarstiga MRSA kontrolli suhtes. Arst võib välja kirjutada antibiootikume, mis ei mõju MRSAle, ning selle tõttu paranemine venib ning resistentsete bakterite tekkimise risk suureneb. Testimine MRSA suhtes võimaldab ordineerida seda õiget antibiootikume, mis sulle sobiks.
  • Kasuta antibiootikume asjakohaselt. Kasuta antibiootikume nii nagu ette nähtud, vaatamata sellele, et infektsioon on paranenud . Ära lõpeta antibiootikumide tarbimist enne, kui raviarst lubab seda teha. Ära jaga antibiootikume teistega ega säilita kasutamata jäänud annused teiseks ajaks. Vale antibiootikumide kasutamine põhjustab resistentsuse levikut bakterite seas. Kui vaatamata ravile infektsioon ei parene mõne päevaga, võta ühendust oma arstiga.

Kas peab puhastama busse ja sulgema koole puhastamiseks ?
Enamasti MRSA levib tiheda kontakti- või esemete kaudu, seega pole otstarbekas koole kinni panna, välja arvatud juhul kui MRSA levikut ei suudeta teisiti tõkestada. Võimalik et bussi iste võib olla kontamineeritud, kuid see ei põhjusta infektsiooni. Üleval mainitud võtted kõige paremini aitavad vältida MRSA levikut.
Mida peab tegema, kui tekib MRSA infektsiooni kahtlus?
Ole tähelepanelik väiksemate nahainfektsioonide suhtes: vistrikud , putukate hammustused , lõiget, kriimustused. Seda eriti lastel ja vanuritel. Kui haav infitseerub, konsulteeri arstiga. Infektsiooni tunnused on punetus , paistetus, kuumus ja valulikkus, mäda eritumine , mõnikord ka palavik . Kui infektsiooni põhjuseks on stafülokokk, siis see peab testitud olema MRSA suhtes. Tavaliselt stafülokokkile mõjuvad antibiootikumid on võimetud MRSA vastu. Nende antibiootikumide kasutamine võib põhjustada veel tõsisemat infektsiooni või resistentsuse arengut.
Meie töökohal MRSA leviku tõkestamine:
Eemärgiks on metitsilliin - resistentse stafülokokkinfektsiooni leviku tõkestamine haiglas ja patsientide, personali ning külastajate nakatumise vältimine.
Meie töökohal MRSA haiged isoleeritakse eraldi palatisse, vastavalt kontaktisolatsiooni nõuetele. Kui osakonnas rohkem MRSA – haigeid, siis paigutatakse nad ühte palatisse. Osakonna vanemõde informeerib nakkustõrjeõde igast isoleeritud patsiendist ning vastutab
selle eest, et kõik isoleeritud patsientiga kokkupuutuvad isikud oleksid informeeritud kehtivast isolatsioonirežiimist.
MRSA – haige palatis kantakse kindaid, kaitsekitlit, lisaks (kui on pritsimis- või riiete märgumisoht) plastikpõlle. Suu- ninamask ja silmakaitset kasutatakse lähikontaktis piisknakkuse ohu puhul. Kindad eemaldatakse ja käed desinfitseeritakse enne palatist lahkumist . Võimalusel kasutatakse ühekordseid vahendeid. Korduvalt kasutatavad töövahendeid desinfitseeritakse iga kasutamise järel.
Kasutatud voodipesu pakitakse palatis pesukotti, see suletakse ja desinfitseeritakse. Piisab tavalisest pesemisest.
Eritiste ja pritsmete koristamisel kasutatakse desinfitseerivat lahust. Ruumi koristuses kasutatakse samuti desinfitseerivat lahust. Lõppkoristuses ja vahepealsetes koristustes (operatsioonidel, muude invasiivsete protseduuride järgselt) kasutatakse desinfitseerivat vahendid. Lõppdesinfektsiooni järgselt võetakse pindadelt bakterioloogilised külvid ja palatit kasutatakse võimalusel taas siis, kui külvide vastused on negatiivsed.
Kui tulevad külastajad, siis nad informeerivad valvepersonalile oma saabumisest. Külastajatele selgitatakse kätehügieeni ja oma riiete kaitsmise nõuet. Külastamine otsustatakse igal üksikul juhul eraldi.
Transportides haiget uuringutele ja protseduuridele, kasutatakse kaitsekitlit ja kindlaid . Kõikidele vastavatele osakondadele teatatakse MRSA-ga patsiendi tulekust. MRSA-positiivsete haigete protseduurid, operatsioonid ja muud uuringud on päeva viimased . Nende järel ruum koristatakse ja desinfitseeritakse.
Haiguslukku märgitakse MRSA ja tõmmatakse punane joon alla.
Kui tekkib kahtlus, et töötajal on koloniseerumine või infektsioon.
Personalilt võetakse kolonisatsioonianalüüse siis, kui kahtlustatakse MRSA epideemiat (kui osakonnas avastatakse kaks või enam sama MRSA tüvega patsienti). Analüüside võtmine otsustatakse igal juhul eraldi.
Kui töötaja on positiivne, võetakse kontrollanalüüs nädala pärast. Positiivse kordusanalüüsi korral määratakse vajadusel ravi ( lokaalne , harva süsteemne antibakteriaalne ravi).
MRSA - positiivse töötaja jälgimine
Kontrollanalüüse võetakse kaks nädalat peale ravi lõppemist. Kui analüüsid on positiivsed, võetakse analüüse nädalaste vahedega. Edasise jälgimise üle otsustatakse iga juhul korral eraldi.
10
Vasakule Paremale
MRSA #1 MRSA #2 MRSA #3 MRSA #4 MRSA #5 MRSA #6 MRSA #7 MRSA #8 MRSA #9 MRSA #10
Punktid 100 punkti Autor soovib selle materjali allalaadimise eest saada 100 punkti.
Leheküljed ~ 10 lehte Lehekülgede arv dokumendis
Aeg2009-02-08 Kuupäev, millal dokument üles laeti
Allalaadimisi 36 laadimist Kokku alla laetud
Kommentaarid 0 arvamust Teiste kasutajate poolt lisatud kommentaarid
Autor RaiMarVei Õppematerjali autor
MRSA: Understand your risk and how to prevent infection
MRSA: riski hindamine ja infektsiooni leviku tõkke.

Sarnased õppematerjalid

Health
5
doc

Health

Table of contents 1. Introduction 2. History 2.1. Early Hospitals 2.2 Recent developments 3. The National Health Service 4. Diseases 5. First Aid 6. Medicine and elements of medical care 7. Doctors 8. Ways of keeping health 9. Conclusion 10.Used materials 1. Introduction The human body is just like a machine with many parts. Each part has a special job, and all the parts work together to keep you alive and healthy. Good health is one of the most important things in life. There are certain things we can do to stay healthy. We should eat a balanced diet that includes the right kinds of food and drink plenty of clean, fresh water. We should exercise regularly, strengthening our muscles and keeping us in shape. Exercise helps the blood circulate around our bodies, cleaning out waste and supplying plenty of oxygen. It is also important what we get enough sleep. The number of hours we sleep we need depend on our age. Young babies sleep for 20-22 hours

Inglise keel
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis 2019
9
docx

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis 2019

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis Kristjan Rannaäär Veterinary medicine, 2. year, 2. group Abstract Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is a highly contagious ocular disease and big problem in cattle farms worldwide. It is the most common ocular disease of cattle caused by bacteria Moraxella bovis. This study focuses on IBK despite having low mortality rate and complete recovery, it causes significant loss of productivity in the herds affected due to the costs of treatment and considerable impact on afflicted animals, including blindness. This research is focused on the details, such as risk factors, pathogenesis, etiology, clinical signs prevention, transmission, and treatment, which animal handlers should be aware of to minimize the harm caused by IBK. Vaccination does not ensure lifelong immunity and not prevent a primary and reinfection of the cattle. Therefore, it is necessary to keep the cattle in a healthy body condition to assure a high immunity level,

Inimese anatoomia
Unit 4 HEALTH AND CARE
2
pdf

Unit 4 HEALTH AND CARE

Unit 4 HEALTH AND CARE 17.conventional medicine n - the usual form of medicine Language Leader Advanced practised in most European and North American countries [= western medicine] tavameditsiin 1. alternative medicine ['meds()n] n - medical 18.cough v - [kf] to suddenly push air out of your throat treatment that is not based on the usual western with a short sound, often repeatedly: Matthew methods: Acupuncture is widely used by practitioners coughed and cleared his throat. köhima of alternative medicine. 19.discharge v - to officially allow someone to leave 2. anonymous ['nnims] adj - unknown by name: Our somewhere, especially the hospital or the army, navy client prefers to remain anonymous. etc, or to tell them that they mu

Inglise keel
A short overview of veganism
18
pptx

A short overview of veganism

A short overview of veganism Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from What is the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the veganism? commodity status of animals. Eating vegan has a number of benifits that include: Why do Improving one`s health people go Helping the environment vegan? Saving the animals Our planeet is tumoil, humans are ailing in health, and animals are suffering everyday, but that can be fixed by simply going vegan, if you should be interested in contrbuting. So what? A vegan diet benifits everything and everyone on ? our planeet Simple changes in your diet and lifestyle can make a huge impact for yourself and the planeet we live on. Processed meat was rightfully demonized as contributing to rising cancer rates by the world

Inglise keel
Addiction and drugs
9
doc

Addiction and drugs

school Addiction and drugs summary name form year Table of contents Smoking...............................................................................................page 3 Narcotics............................................................................................................................page 4 1. Marijuana..............................................................................page 4 2. Ecstasy.................................................................................page 5 3. Heroin.................................................................................p

Inglise keel
Health topic
4
doc

Health topic

Topic Health Introduction Good health is very important for us. We should do everything we can to stay healthy. Being in good health means having our body and mind in good working order, free from disease and pain. Ways of keeping health There are many ways for keeping health. To stay healthy we should eat right foot, dress comfortably, spend much time in fresh air, have enough rest, keep ourselves clean and have regular checkups with the doctor and the dentist. A big part of prevention of diseseases is sporting. Poeple need to have phsical exercise. If they can not have it, they will get stressed and they will be infected with dieseases much easier. For example it would be good to run every day for some time. That way one probably will not become fat, he or she will get fresh air and rest from daily problems. There are many other health-sports also. Many people go swimming. During winter people go skiing. Some people also do aerobics. People go to gym as well. Our body need

Inglise keel
Topic - Health
5
doc

Topic - Health

Health 2007 1. Introduction Health is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of an organism at both the cellular and social level. In the medical field, health is commonly defined as an organism's ability to succesfully respond to challenges and effectively restore and keep a so-called ,,state of balance". 2. History · Early hospitals During the Middle Ages the hospital could serve other functions, such as an almshouse for the poor, or hostel for pilgrims. In ancient cultures, religion and medicine were linked. The earliest known institutions aiming to provide cure were Egyptian temples. Greek temples dedicatedto the healer-god, might admit the sick, who would wait for guidance from the god in a dream. The Romans adopted this worship. The Sri Lankans are perhaps responsible for introducing theconcept ofdedicated hospitals to the world. According to an ancient chronicle, written in the 6 th century A.D., a king had lying-in homes and hospitals b

Inglise keel
Alcohol
5
doc

Alcohol

ALCOHOL Alcohol is a widely used substance for both science and in technology. Its name comes from an Arabic word al-kuhl meaning " a powder for painting the eyes". The term was later applied to all compounds that contain alcoholic spirits. To most people alcohol is considerd a downer that reduces activity in the nervous system. Some of the things alcohol effects you is, the alcohol intoxicated person exhibits lose muscle tone, loss of fine moter coordination,and often has a staggering "drunken" gait. The eyes may appear somewhat "glossy" and pupils may be slow to respond to stimulus. At high doses pupils may become constricted. At intoxing doses, alcohol can decrease heart rate, lower blood pressure and respiration rate, and result in decreased reflex and slower reaction times. Skin may be cool to touch but to the user may feel warm or normal, profuse sweating may accompany alcohol use. Loose muscle tone, lose of fine motor coordination,odor of alcohol on the breath,a

Inglise keel




Meedia

Kommentaarid (0)

Kommentaarid sellele materjalile puuduvad. Ole esimene ja kommenteeri



Sellel veebilehel kasutatakse küpsiseid. Kasutamist jätkates nõustute küpsiste ja veebilehe üldtingimustega Nõustun