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USA topic (2)

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United States of America
Table of Contents
  • Facts
  • Geography
  • Nature
  • History
  • Population
  • Government
  • Industry, economy
  • America’s pop culture
    Facts
    Official Name: United States of America
    Capital City: Washington, D.C.
    Largest city: New York City
    Official languages: None at federal level
    National language : English
    Government: Federal constitutional republic
    President : Barack Obama ( Barack Hussein Obama II)
    Vice President: Joe Biden (Joseph Robinette "Joe" Biden, Jr)
    Population:  2009 estimate 306,108,000 people
    Area:  Total 9,826,630 km2 (by CIA World Factbook)
    Currency : United States dollar ($)
    Motto: In God We Trust
    Anthem: "The Star -Spangled Banner "
    Flag Names : The Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, The Starry Banner
    Seal: Great Seal of the United States
    Flag Seal
    Geography
    America consists of 50 states. 48 of them are on North American continent and 2 of them ( Alaska and Hawaii ) are separated. Alaska is separated by Canada and Hawaii lies in the Pacific Ocean . America shares borders with Canada, Mexico and Russia . According to different sources American landmass is from 9,522,055 km2 to 9,826,630 km2 which makes it the third or fourth largest country in the world. America is surrounded by three oceans – Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean. It’s also bounded with Gulf of Mexico and Bering Strait. The highest point in America is Mount McKinley (6,194 m) in Alaska. The lowest point is Death Valley which lies 86 metres below sea level. The Great Basin Desert is the largest desert in America. Missouri river is the longest river in the States. The largest lake is Lake Superior.
    Lake Superior Death Valley
    Nature
    There are very many species in the States. There are about 17 000 types of trees (larger plants ) in the mainland and Alaska. Over 1,800 species of flowering plants are found in Hawaii. The United States is home to more than 400 mammal, 750 bird , and 500 reptile species. About 91,000 insect species have been described . In America, there are very many parks , which 58 are national parks and there are hundreds of federally managed parks, forests and wilderness areas . The first national park in the world was Yellowstone national park in Wyoming. The flora is so diverse in America because of the different climates and good weather in some places (like California ). Many species became extinct soon after the first settlements.
    The U.S. climate is temperate in most areas, tropical in Hawaii and southern Florida, polar in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains, Mediterranean in coastal California and arid in the Great Basin. The droughts and floods are infrequent in America.
    In north Alaska was recorded the lowest temperature in U.S. -62.2 °C . The highest temperature was recorded in California in Death Valley when the temperature reached 57 °C.
    The hurricanes occur almost every year along the Atlantic seaboard and the Gulf of Mexico. Hurricanes can also strike Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. In central portions of the U.S., tornadoes are more common than anywhere else on Earth. The Southwest has the worst droughts. One drought is thought to have lasted over 500 years and to have decimated the Anasazi people.
    Bald Eagle (National Bird )
    History

    At first there was Pre-Columbian period . It was before Columbus (re) discovered America. So there lived only natives in peace and quiet .
    Then began Colonial period and countries like Spain , Netherlands, Great Britain , France , Sweden and Portugal started establishing their colonies in America. Pilgrim Fathers (the British ) established a colony called Jamestown in Virginia . They had to fight for their lives over there because America was still unknown for them, but they survived and started establishing even more colonies.
    The Thirteen British colonies started a rebellion against their motherland in 1775 and proclaimed their independence in 1776 and formed a nation in 1781 called United States of America. The United States defeated British army with help of Spain and France in The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). Thirteen colonies formally declared their independence from Great Britain on July 4, 1776 when they declared it in the Declaration of Independence.
    In 1789 George Washington became the first president of the United States.
    White House was built in 1792-1800 and it became the official president residence .
    The Civil War 1861–1865 was between the Union ( Abraham Lincoln ) and the Confederacy (Robert E. Lee) and the reason was that the north side (Union) was against slavery in the south side (Confederacy). The war was won by the Union and it ended slavery. The racism against black people remained.
    America took part in both World Wars . In World War II Japan bombed Pearl Harbors in 1941 and in 1945 America dropped two nuclear weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki which ended the war.
    In 1963 after John F. Kennedy death gave Martin Luther King his I Have a Dream speech which is a key factor that ended most of the racism in America.
    In 2001, 11th September Islamic terrorists crashed into the twin towers (WTC). Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda are thought responsible for the terror, but they still haven’t caught bin Laden.





    Population

    As of February 2009, the United States has a total resident population of 306 million which is about 4, 5% of the Earth population. By 2050 it is expected to reach 439 million people.
    North of the America is fairly unpopulated compared with the coastal areas. The most people live in New York City (8.2 million), Los Angeles (3.8 million) and Chicago (2.8 million). The most populated state is California where lives about 36.8 million people. The most less populate state is Wyoming where lives about 533 thousand people (That’s almost half of Estonian population). 81% of people live in the cities or suburbs.
    In America lives about 221 million white people, Hispanic or Latino 44 million, African or African American 41 million, Asian 13 million, American Indian or Alaskan Native 2 million and Native Hawaiian 430 000 people. There are 2.1 children per woman . The national median age was 36.7 years. People under 20 years of age make up over a quarter of the U.S. population and people age 65 and over made up one-eighth.
    The United States has 51 metropolitan areas with a population of over 1,000,000 people each. The most densely populated state is New Jersey (452 people per km²). The most less densely populates state is Alaska where lives 0.46 people per km². The most densely populated area is Friendship Village, Maryland where lives 31,657 people per km².
    Life expectancy in America is for total population 78.10 years, for male 75,20 years and for female 81.00 years.


    Friendship Village (Red Spot ) Most densely populated area
    Government
    The federal government of the United States is the central current reigning United States governmental body , established by the United States Constitution. The federal government has three branches: the legislative, executive , and judicial . Each of these branches has some authority to act on its own, some authority to regulate the other two branches, and has some of its own authority, in turn, regulated by the other branches.
    The United States Cabinet (usually referred to as the President's Cabinet or simplified as the Cabinet) is composed of the most senior appointed officers of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States.
    The executive branch is the presidency. It consists of the President (Barack Obama) and delegates (Vice president). All executive power in the federal government is vested in the President of the United States, although power is often delegated to the Cabinet members and other officials. The President is the head of state and government, as well as the military commander-in- chief (only when called into actual military services), chief diplomat and chief of party.
    The legislative branch is the congress . The congress consists of the senate and the House of Representatives. The Constitution grants numerous powers to Congress. These include the powers to levy and collect taxes, provide for common defense, also declare war etc. Congressional oversight is intended to prevent waste and fraud, protect civil liberties and individual rights, ensure executive compliance with the law, gather information for making laws and educating the public, and evaluate executive performance . The legislative branch has 435 voting members.
    The judiciary is all the courts - Federal courts, Supreme Court , Circuit Courts of Appeal and District Courts. The federal judiciary consists of the U.S. Supreme Court, whose justices are appointed for life by the President and confirmed by the Senate, and various "lower" or " inferior courts," among which are the courts of appeals and district courts. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the federal court system. Separate from, but not entirely independent of, this federal court system are the individual court systems of each state, each dealing with its own laws and having its own judicial rules and procedures. The U.S. district courts are the " trial courts" where cases are filed and decided.
    Industry, Economy
    USA has the leading industrial power in the world. It is highly diversified and technologically advanced. The main industries are petroleum , steel , motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals , electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber , and mining .
    Before the 1980s the main industry in America was manufacturing , but then more high technology industries became main industries. High technology industries are petroleum refining, aerospace, steelmaking and automobile industry. Advances in chemistry and electronics have revolutionized many industries through new products and methods. Science has vastly expanded the number of metals available for industrial purposes, notably such light metals as aluminum, magnesium, and titanium .
    In the 1980s and 1990s , the United States was the world leader in computer manufacturing. At the beginning of the 21st century , however , the high-tech manufacturing industry registered a decline, because all the big companies moved themselves to the cheaper manpower in the East ( China , Taiwan , and Singapore). In 2002, the United States was the world's 3rd-leading steel producer (after China and Japan), but the steel industry was declined too.
    The motor vehicle and parts manufacturing industry in the United States is increasingly a global industry. Even “ domestic ” vehicles are produced using parts manufactured around the world. This healthy competition among both domestic and foreign manufacturers has dramatically increased productivity and improved efficiency. Average earnings in the automobile industry are very high compared with those in other industries.
    City like Detroit, which was the main automobile industry city in the U.S. has been totally changed after the industries moved out to the East Asia countries. Half of the population has moved out from there since 1950s when there lived 1.8 million people, because of the lack of jobs. Now there lives 916 000 people and the number keeps decreasing. All the economy in Detroit was based on automobile industry and when they left , the economy had a big drop .
    America’s pop culture
    America’s pop culture is the music, movies , television . It doesn’t really reflect the true culture of American people. We all know The Simpsons, Mickey Mouse , Elvis Presley , Superman, Indiana Jones, Madonna and South Park because America has exported them to other countries. Nowadays ofcourse spreads American culture the Internet and TV. Pop culture is Heavily influenced by mass media (at least from the early 20th century on) and perpetuated by that culture's vernacular language, this collection of ideas permeates the everyday lives of the society. America’s pop culture is widely spread into Europe , but not very much into the East countries, because India has Bollywood and it is as huge as Hollywood. Of course America has stolen some ideas from other countries, like Japan, where there are very many TV shows and comedy shows.
    Pop culture is meant for the masses. Pop music is a wide variety of styles which are with good rhythm and meaningful lyrics so it must be for big masses. The most movies we have watched are made in Hollywood, so about 90% of them are the American culture spreaders. We get our slang words from the movies or from the songs . Europeans don’t watch many American TV shows, because they are just not shown over here (we have started broadcasting the old episodes). The American most “Pop” sports (Baseball, Football ) aren’t also widely spread in the other countries.
    I believe that America’s pop culture is the most advanced and most famous in the whole world!


    Broadway the Simpsons - Homer


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    z4j3biz profiilipilt
    z4j3biz: Hea materjal.
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