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TRADERUN ANSWERS

Have the ENP and EaP been successful in terms of their original goals ? Which has been the theoretical logic to cause it? Bring examples !
The main idea of the ENP is to offer our neighbours a privileged relationship , building upon a mutual commitment to common values ( democracy and human rights , rule of law, good governance, market economy principles and sustainable development ). The ENP goes beyond existing relationships to offer political association and deeper economic integration, increased mobility and more people-to-people contacts. The level of ambition of the relationship depends on the extent to which these values are shared.
Some examples which steps ENP has made in the field of human rights and which are represented in the report of implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy about Eastern Partnership:
The adherence to the shared values of democracy, rule of law, human rights and fundamental freedoms is the very foundation of the Eastern Partnership. Significant steps have been taken to strengthen bilateral dialogues on these matters. Since July 2009 three rounds of Human Rights Dialogue have taken place with Georgia . The first meeting of the EU Armenia Human Rights Dialogue took place in December 2009 and the second in December 2010. Issues of democracy and human rights are also discussed with Azerbaijan in the framework of a new sub- committee for Justice Liberty Security (JLS) and Human Rights and Democracy which was established in 2010. Its first meeting was held on 30 November-1 December 2010. With Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova , human rights discussions in the framework of the respective JLS subcommittee meetings have gained new momentum . As regards Ukraine, human rights issues are extensively reflected in the new EU-Ukraine Association Agenda, which replaces the former EU-Ukraine Action Plan. A dedicated and regular EU-Republic of Moldova Human Rights Dialogue was launched in March 2010. The EU and Armenia launched a dedicated and regular Human Rights Dialogue in December 2009. The EU and Georgia further consolidated their exchange on human rights, with three dedicated meetings held so far. The EU welcomed Azerbaijan’s readiness to engage in a regular dialogue on human rights issues and democratization .
There are also steps in the environmental matter . There have been 44 projects in order to improve the Mediterranean Sea`s condition . Also the co- operation in the field of energy have had great results. One is definately oil and gas pipelines .
I think that very important things have been done but still many goals have not been achieved. Good examples are also – Moldova`s first joint EU visa application centre and free trade area in Ukraine. EU is offering much money for the partership countries and the benefits that they both get is leading to results. EU is expanding its power and partners can eliminate its shortages and make corrections in their infrastructure and political field.

of the ENP – is the conditionality for the EU’s benefit , partner country ’s benefit, for mutual benefit, or business benefit? Bring at least three (3) specific examples.
The EU offers financial assistance to countries within the European Neighbourhood, so long as they meet the strict conditions of government reform, economic reform and other issues surrounding positive transformation. This clearly shows that what EU is doing, it is creating better environment around the EU to larger the safety net and also creating good democratic atmosphere. There are also many interest that the partnership countries have, but as the program is created by the EU, it states that we have more interest in those countries than they have.

Incentives and support for economic and social reforms, which leads to better macroeconomic environment, long- term anchor for stability (partner country´s benefit)

Developing democracy, especialliy in eastern Partnership Countries- (definately mutual benefit).

The trade and wider ‘deep and comprehensive free trade area (DCFTA) policy (mutal benefit and business benefit).
3.Is the purpose of ENP to prepare EU Eastern Partners for the EU membership ? Should it be? Bring arguments! For which (if any) of the EaP countries do you see as perspective EU member states?
The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) is not about membership of the EU. It is a response to long-standing requests from many of these countries for closer relations, founded on partnership and joint ownership. If an accession perspective were to be offered at some point in the future to any of the countries covered by the ENP, this would be a separate process . The main purpose is to develop free trading between EU and Eastern Partnership Countries and develop democratical views in Eastern Partnership Countries. One of the countries which I belive has opportunity some day to join EU is Moldova. The Republic of Moldova actively pursues EU membership, but it is poorer than any other European country and has to resolve issues over its break away region of Transinistra before it can join. Nevertheless, the EU is developing an increasingly close relationship with Moldova, going beyond co-operation, to gradual economic integration and a deepening of political co-operation. I do not think that the criteria should prepare countries to join the EU due to the fact that it would include Belarus , which is very undemocratic etc. I believe that the ENP and criteria for the candidate countries may be similare but they should not serve the same target, because unfortunately some parnership countries could not fulfill even the half of the criteria that membership countries shoud .
4.Which are the areas of cooperation and evaluation in the ENP that overlap with the EU accession criteria? Which are the fields that the ENP does not cover and only Copenhagen Criteria assesses?
The status of a candidate and future membership are obtained through a long process of assuring compliance with EU rules and norms, and legal harmonization, making the EU the “ locus of domestic policy-making and transnational relations for the entire region” Through a highly asymmetrical process, where the candidate countries have to internalize all the chapters of the non-negotiable acquis communitaire, the enlargement policy holds the powerful incentive of the membership and the effective tool of conditionality. Through regular reports and strategy papers, the EU keeps the track of developments in each candidate country and recommends closure and opening of acquis chapters. After all acquis chapters are closed and the candidate country complies with all the accession requirements, the membership is granted upon the unanimous decision of the memberstates. However , the ENP is a policy without a “ uniform acquis” and offers its partners a “privileged partnership” “sharing everything with the Union but institutions ” , based on “mutual commitment to common values principally within the fields of the rule of law, good governance, the respect for human rights, including minority rights, the promotion of good neighbourly relations, and the principles of market economy and sustainable development” Despite the organizational and procedural similarities, the enlargement policy, i.e. the candidate status, and the ENP differ greatly on their incentives and implementation strategies.
The main difference of the ENP is its exclusion of membership as the ultimate incentive. So, the “most appetising carrots” (Tocci 2005: 25) are trade liberalisation and preparation of the partner countries for the internal market of the EU. Initially the ENP was based on the provision of the four freedoms, however, the disagreement among the member states over the free movement of persons, limited the ENP to visa facilitation agreements, and shifted its focus to economic incentives avoiding mentioning of the political ones . Another fundamental difference of the ENP is lack of conditionality as an implementation strategy, which proved very effective in the cases of the candidate countries. Notwithstanding the “mutual commitment to common values” (Commission 2004: 12), the exclusion of membership is a frustrating fact for Ukraine, Moldova, and the South Caucasus given their outspoken membership aspirations, which are not likely to be satisfied by the “ special relationship” (Lisbon Treaty). The asserted desire of the East European countries in the early 1990s, to acquire back their Europeanness and join the EU stipulated the establishment of the accession requirements that were not defined previously. Along with the EU’s capacity to absorb new members , the Copenhagen Council in June 1993 stated that: Membership requires that the candidate country has achieved stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights and respect for and protection of minorities, the existence of a functioning market economy as well as the capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the Union. Membership presupposes the candidate's ability to take on the obligations of membership including adherence to the aims of political, economic and monetary union. Though the newly enforced Lisbon Treaty does not explicitly quote these criteria it makes a
reference to those in the article 49 TEU: “the conditions of eligibility agreed upon by the European Council shall be taken into account ”. Bearing in mind the traditional lack of
democratic principles in post-communist and post-soviet states, the political criteria of a functioning democracy, rule of law, and protection of human and minority rights met the strongest obstacles in the Central Eastern European countries and are currently the most problematic areas in the ENP countries. On the other hand after the dismay of planned economies , the requirement for a free market was relatively easier to meet despite some hardships in change of management styles and ownership in the process of transferring to free market economy. In the case of the 2004 and 2007 enlargements the closure of all acquischapters required lengthy process of negotiations and domestic adjustments.
5.Which are the most updated EU documents to describe ENP and EaP policy goals and tools ?
Progress reports on implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy.
Also the council conclusions on co-operation between the EU and Eastern Europe in the field of drug

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