Arvutid 1 eksam (2)

EKSAMIKÜSIMUSED 2005 Sisukord Sisukord ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 Arvuti riistvara matemaatilised alused ...................................................................................................... 4 Kahendsüsteem .............................................................................................................................. 4 Boole funktsioonid ja nende esitus................................................................................................ 4 Diskreetne aeg ............................................................................................................................... 4 Lihtsamaid Boole` funktsioone realiseerivad loogikaelemendid ............................................................. 5 AND .............................................................................................................................................. 5 OR ................................................................................................................................................. 5 NOT ............................................................................................................................................... 5 NAND ........................................................................................................................................... 5 NOR .............................................................................................................................................. 6 Mikroskeemide valmistamise tehnoloogiad .............................................................................................. 6 Mikroskeemide valmistamise tehnoloogiad .............................................................................................. 6 unipolaarsed tehnoloogiad ( Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor - MOSFET ) .............................................................................................................................................. 6 o n- channel MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor - MOS) ............................................................ 6 o p-channel MOS ......................................................................................................................... 6 o Complementary MOS ( CMOS ) ................................................................................................. 6 bipolaarsed tehnoloogiad (Bipolar IC Technologies) ................................................................... 6 o diood loogika ( Diod Logic - DL) .............................................................................................. 6 o diood transistor loogika ( Diod Transistor Logic - DTL).......................................................... 6 o transistor transistor loogika (Transistor Transistor Logic - TTL) ............................................. 6 o emittersidestuses loogika (Emitter-Coupled Logic - ECL) ....................................................... 6 o integral injektsioon loogika (Interrated Injektion Logic - IIL).................................................. 6 kolme olekuga väljund .................................................................................................................. 7 avatud suudmega/kollektoriga loogikaelemendid ......................................................................... 7 Enamkasutatavaid kombinatsioonskeeme ................................................................................................. 7 välistav või (eXclusive-OR) .......................................................................................................... 7 multiplexor (Multiplexers) ............................................................................................................ 7 summaator (Adder) ........................................................................................................................ 7 ALU ( Arithmetic-Logic Unit ) ...................................................................................................... 8 dekooder (Decoder)....................................................................................................................... 8 koodimuundur ( Code Converter) .................................................................................................. 9 Enamkasutatavaid järjestikskeeme ............................................................................................................ 9 trigerid ( Flip / flop , latch ) ................................................................................................................ 9 registrid (Registers) nihkega ja ilma ........................................................................................... 11 loendurid ( Counter ) ..................................................................................................................... 13 Protsessor ................................................................................................................................................ 14 Protsessori üldstruktuur ............................................................................................................... 14 o käsuloendur (PC - Program Counter, IP - Instruction Pointer) ............................................... 16
1 o käsuregister (IR - Instruction Register ) ................................................................................... 17 o käsudekooder (Instruction Decoder) ....................................................................................... 18 o juhtautomaat (CU - Control Unit) ........................................................................................... 18 o operatsioonautomaat (Data Path ) ........................................................................................... 19 Käsu täitmine protsessoris (Instruction Execution, fetch-decode-execute cycle ) ....................... 21 RISC - CISC protsessor............................................................................................................... 22 Konveier protsessoris ( Pipeline ) ................................................................................................. 23 Siirete ( hargnemiste ) ennustamine .( Branch