Starteegiline juhtimine, eksamiks valmistumine Strateegilise üldjuhtimise tsükkel: kavandamine, korraldamine, kontroll Strateegiline plaanimine - on organisatsiooni sise- ja väliskeskkonna analüüsiprotsess, määramaks põhilised eesmärgid, mis aitavad äriühingul täita oma missiooni ja liikuda oma visiooni suunas. Starteegilise juhtimise tsükkel: visioon/mission, väärtused; teadmised, oskused; tegevused, tulemused-tagasiside. Strateegia on eesmärgistatud kavand, mis sobitab omavahel organisatsiooni ressursid, struktuuri ja kultuuri (tugevused, nõrkused) väliskeskkonna muutustega (võimalused, ohud). Strateegiline juhtimine on otsuste ja tegevuste kogum, mis kindlustab pikas perspektiivis äriühingu jätkusuutliku tulemuslikkuse. • Organisatsiooni seire, formuleerimise, elluviimise, hindamise ja kontrolli protsess. Strateegilist juhtimist iseloomustab: • Interdistsiplinaarsus Organisatsioon kui tervik • Fookus väliskeskkonnale Majandus Konkurent
tongue, be it Spanish, Portuguese or English. OECD has two different approaches: sector and product (industry) approaches. High-tech sectors The sector approach classifies industries according their technology intensity, product approach according to finished products. · Aerospace technology · Biotechnology · Information technology · Nanotechnology · Robotics · Aerospace technology -In most industrial countries, the aerospace industry is a cooperation of public and private industries. For example, several countries have a space program under the command of the government, such as NASA in the United States, ESA in Europe, the Canadian Space Agency in Canada, Indian Space Research Organisation in India, RKA in Russia, China National Space Administration in China, and Iranian Space Agency in Iran. Along with these public space programs, many companies produce technical tools and components such as spaceships and satellites
Entry Ticket Week 39 – Ave Nurmeots (62-130) 1. Why is it important to move beyond product innovation? To be able to compete within the today’s marketplace (continued success and differentiation). It is not enough anymore just to come up with an innovative product or its features. To achieve a bigger and more sustainable competitive advantage different types of innovations should be combined together. 2. Name an example of a company from the book, which has gone beyond product innovation –explain which of the 9 other types they have used?
to cope for some time. But due to high rate of competition in today's market the logistics environment of the new millennium will have to contend with: i. ) turbulent markets that change rapidly and unpredictably, 22 ii. ) highly fragmented 'niche' markets instead of mass markets, iii. ) ever greater rates of technological innovation in products and processes, iv. ) shorter product life-cycles, v. ) growing demand for tailored products - 'mass customisation', vi. ) the delivery of complete 'solutions' to customers, comprising products and services. And all of the above to be achieved at less cost! These severe challenges mean that a new operating paradigm is needed. The key factor is agility - rapid strategic and operational adaptation to large
1989; Jensen & Meckling, 1976). Käsundajateooria (stewardship theory) (Davis, Schoorman, & Donaldson (1997). Sidusgruppide teooria (stakeholder theory) (Freeman, 1984). Käsutusõiguste teooria (property rights theory) (Demsetz, 1967). Sotsiaalvõrgustike teooria (social network theory) (Granovetter, 1973). Strateegilised organisatsiooni tüübid (Miles and Snow (1978)): Defenders focus on improving efficiency Prospectors focus on product innovation and market opportunities Analysers focus on at least two different product market areas Reactors lack a consistent strategy-structure-culture relationship Useful forecasting techniques: Extrapolation Brainstorming Expert opinion Industry scenario Delphy technique Statistical modelling Prediction markets Cross impact analysis RECOURCE-BASED VIEW: Concerned with identifying and developing an organizations resources and competencies: Struktuur
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of the cycle of release, testing, review, and revision under GRIs new governance structure. The GRI was launched in 1997 as a joint initiative of the U.S. non-governmental organisation Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies (CERES) and United Nations Environment Programme with the goal of enhancing the quality, rigor, and utility of sustainability reporting. The first set of GRI Sustainability Reporting Guidelines appeared as an Exposure Draft in 1999. Following testing and public comment, the GRI released the June 2000 Guidelines. The 2002 Guidelines represent the GRI Boards view of a consensus on a reporting framework at this point in time that is a blend of a diverse range of perspectives. There are numerous ways to use the 2002 Guidelines. An organisation may choose to simply use them for informal reference or to apply the Guidelines in an incremental fashion. 3 CONTENTS
2017 Introduction In developing environments (i.e. countries) the diffusion – aka adoption – of innovations takes always longer. This is for the reason that ’ignorance is the worst judge’ – as my partner loves to say. When people are not that highly educated or developed in critical and objective thinking, they find hard to take in new information. The goal of the diffusion model is basically to represent the level of adoption of an innovation in time. Diffusion of Innovations Theory – the basics The DOI theory has been generated or analysed for already more than 100 years. It was made known by Everett M. Rogers in 1960s. According to Rogers (1983, p. 6), ‘Diffusion is a kind of social change, defined as the process by which alteration occurs in the structure and function of a social system. The elements of the diffusion: o The innovation – a new object or idea, not necessary objectively new, but perceived
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