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INTRODUCTION OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (SCM) A supply chain is a network of facilities and distribution options that performs the functions of procurement of materials, transformation of these materials into intermediate and finished products, and the distribution of these finished products to customers. Supply chains exist in both service and manufacturing organizations, although the complexity of the chain may vary greatly from industry to industry and firm to firm. Supply chain management is typically viewed to lie between fully vertically integrated firms, where the entire material flow is owned by a single firm and those where each channel member operates independently. Therefore coordination between the various players in the chain is key in its effective management. Cooper and Ellram [1993] compare supply chain management to a well-balanced and well-practiced relay team. Such a team is more
these three companies were merged into the Nokia Corporation. This corporation involved in many sectors, producing at one time or another paper products, bicycle and car tires, footwear, personal computers, communications cables, televisions, aluminium, etc. The seeds of the current incarnation of Nokia were planted with the founding of the electronics section in the 1960s. In the 1970s, Nokia became more involved in the telecommunications industry. In 1981 Nokia invented the Nordic Mobile Telephony (NMT), which was the world's very first multinational cellular network. Soon after that Nokia started developing Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) phones and became very successful at that time. As the years went Nokia became the largest manufacturer of mobile telephones and made its way to what it is today. PRESENT-DAY STATE Today Nokia is a well known corporation
Though Lee's main specialization is to be shifted from domain of providing individual solutions, values and principles, as well as economic considerations, prompt the company to continue support of a number of projects, such as: AdSail CRM for media companies Woodpecker core IS for timber trade companies WebMountain platform development Estonian Defense Forces field training booking system European Patent Office project Monitek core IS for traders in metal-parts industry Deprecated and other projects: Website hosting Customer support Figure Friends (throughout the Baltic States and Finland) "IT Koolitus" booking system Estonian Patent Office core IS Siemens Estonia Inc. project Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs project Estonian Ministry of Agriculture project Balsnack Inc. project Baltcom Inc. project Elektrum Inc. project 3.5. Outsourced Services Web-design and layouts Training
Palm oil, or palm oil-based ingredients are an important but not easily identified part of many toiletry products. Soaps, lotions and cosmetic products, for example, may all contain some element of palm oil. The palm oil producers have recently come under attack due to severe issues around deforestation, biodiversity and, not least, the rights of indigenous populations, poor labour conditions and health implications for women working in the plantation industry. So, shouldn't The Body Shop simply stop using an ingredient which seemingly has such bad consequences for people and nature or use suppliers following best practice? The Body Shop is by no means a major player in the palm oil industry in terms of volume. However, palm oil-based ingredients are added as ingredients to many of our products. We do not believe that sourcing from niche provider of organic or fair-trade palm oil would help the hundreds of thousands of people in Southeast Asia, South
The measurement and assessment of national innovation systems has centred on four types of knowledge or information flows: 1) interactions among enterprises, primarily joint research activities and other technical collaborations; 2) interactions among enterprises, universities and public research institutes, including joint research, co-patenting, co-- publications and more informal linkages; 3) diffusion of knowledge and technology to enterprises, including industry adoption rates for new technologies and diffusion through machinery and equipment; and 4) personnel mobility, focusing on the movement of technical personnel within and between the public and private sectors. Attempts to link these flows to firm performance show that high levels of technical collaboration, technology diffusion and personnel mobility contribute to the improved innovative capacity of enterprises in terms of products, patents and productivity
and weaknesses to result in 4 possible strategic alternatives • Provides a means to brainstorm alternative strategies • Forces managers to create various kinds of growth and retrenchment strategies • Used to generate corporate as well as business strategies Business strategy focuses on improving the competitive position of a company’s or business unit’s products or services within the specific industry or market segment it serves. Business strategy is comprised of: • Competitive strategy • Cooperative strategy Porter’s Competitive Strategies: *Lower cost strategy *Differentiation strategy * • Cost leadership *Cost Focus * Differentiation Focus *Differentiation The eight dimentions of quality 1. Performance – peamine funktsioon 2. Features – kellad ja viled 3. Reliability – usaldusväärsus 4
different advertisements up and spin them around 6. scrollers Signs that cosplay number of posters 7. street furniture - Ads that are everywhere in street. For example bus shelters, dustbins 8. transit advertising advertising on buses, taxies and so on, covering them with vinyl. 9. ambient media Advertisements on non-traditional media 10. digital outdoor advertising advert. on LED screens that look like billboards, that show us short video clip. 11. catchment zone - 12. eye-catching - Something attractive and noticeable, that gets people attention when they walk past them. Ads such as sonic posters (including sounds) 13. sonic posters advertisements which include sound 14. smelly posters posters that 15. lenticular posters shows different images as you walk past them 16. OTS or coverage oppurtunities to see
PRODUCTS and BRANDS 1. product catalogue - a list of different products of one company 2. product mix - a range of similar in some way products considered together 2. product range - different particular and specific products of a company 3. product lifecycle - the stages of product lifetime and amount of people who use it at each stage 4. product positioning - is how we see a product or how a company would like us to see it in relation to other products 5. product placement - hidden commercial of a product. Customer can see a product in films, music videos and so on. 6. raw materials - basic materials from which products are made or manufactured 7. finished goods - are goods(products) that have completed manufacturing process and are ready to be sold and used by the end user 8. consumer goods - goods which are produced to satisfy consumer current needs and are bought for individual use 9. consumer durables - long time lasting products, such as home appliances, cars and so on 10. fast
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