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Margaret Thatcher (1)

5 VÄGA HEA
Punktid
Elu - Luuletused, mis räägivad elus olemisest, kuid ka elust pärast surma ja enne sündi.
Tallinn Järveotsa Gymnasium
MARGARET THATCHER
Maria Ignatenko
Form 11.B
Tallinn 2008
Margaret Thatcher
(1925-...)
General Data
Margaret Hilda Thatcher was born on the 13th of October, 1925 in London. She is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party . Margaret is the first woman who has ever held these posts.
Childhood and Education
Margaret Hilda Roberts was born on the 13th of October, 1925 in Grantham in Lincolnshire, England . Her parents were Alfred Roberts and Beatrice Stephenson Roberts. Thatcher spent her childhood in the town of Grantham in Lincolnshire. The Roberts family ran a grocery business, bringing up their two daughters in a flat over the shop . Her father was active in local politics and religion and this played a large role in forming her political convictions. Margaret attended Huntingtower Road Primary School and later Kesteven and Grantham Girl’s School. She was keen in her studies and outside school enjoyed swimming and playing hockey . After finishing school during the Second World War she applied for a scholarship to attend Somerville College, Oxford and was luckily accepted. She started studying Chemistry in 1944 in Oxford. Later Margaret became President of the Oxford University Conservative Association . Thatcher graduated from Oxford in 1947 with a B.Sc. in Natural Sciences and also gained a MA in 1950.
Early Interest in Politics
Although Margaret studied chemistry, politics interested her more. Following graduation, Margaret Roberts moved to Colchester and worked as a chemist. She became a member of the Association of Scientific Workers . During this period she joined the local Conservative Association when a friend of hers apprised that they were looking for candidates to strong Labour seats of Dartford. To support herself during the period of elections, she went to work for J. Lyons and Co., where she helped to develop methods for preserving ice cream and was paid 10 000 Krones per year . Margaret won national publicity as the youngest woman candidate in the country . Unlike many Conservatives at that time, she had no difficulties in presenting her speeches as she talked with force and confidence on issues that mattered to the voters.
Starting a Family and Career
In Dartford Margaret met her future husband Denis Thatcher who was a local businessman. The couple married in 1951 and they had twins Mark and Carol in 1953.
In the 1950s Margaret Thatcher trained as a lawyer , specialising in taxation . She was elected to Parliament in 1959 as Member of Parliament for Finchley, which was a constituency represented in the House of Commons. In 1961 Thatcher became the Parliamentary Secretary at the Ministry of Pensions and National Insurance . She also got the job of Conservative spokeswoman on housing and land . Thatcher was one of few Conservative Members of Parliament to support decriminalising male homosexuality, and she voted in favour of legalising abortion.
When the Conservative party under Edward Heath won the 1970 general election, Thatcher became an Education Minister. During her first months of work she was forced to make a cut in the education budget and therefore she abolished universal free milk for school- children . This caused a huge protest that gave her the name of "Thatcher Thatcher, Milk Snatcher". However , she also successfully stood against the introduction of library book charges. Within her term she also supported the proposals to close grammar schools and adopt comprehensive secondary education. Furthermore , Mrs. Thatcher also insisted that universities should accept not only school-leavers, but also adults.
When Margaret became the Leader of Conservative Party, she made a speech where she made a scathing attack on the Soviet Union. In response the Soviet newspaper gave her the nickname of “ Iron Lady ” due to her steadfast character.
The Prime Minister of UK
The Labour Government of 1974-79 was one of the most crisis - prone in British history and so during the General Elections of May 1979, the Conservatives won a Parliamentary majority of 43. The next day on the 4th of May 1979, Margaret Thatcher became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. She became a very close ally with President Ronald Reagan, elected in 1980 in the United States. Margaret was in office for three terms , 1979-1983, 1983-1987 and 1987-1990.
In her first term she tried to enact her ideas about running the economy better, but it did not work out at once . Due to the Falklands War with Argentina in 1982, she received popularity and when the General Elections came in June 1983, the government was re-elected with its Parliamentary majority more than trebled (144 seats). With the wave of patriotism she stayed in power up to 1983 and a short upturn in the economy returned her to third term in office in 1987.
Throughout all three terms she pursued economic policies that reduced the power of the unions, decreased public spending, increased personal tax cuts, increased privatization of public utilities and industry. Thatcher is recognized for reducing runaway inflation, public spending and the power of the British unions. However, her programmes, known as " Thatcherism ," produced high unemployment (which nearly tripled in her first two terms), high interest rates and increased class differentiation, as well as growth of the underclass.
Resignation
Despite winning the general election in 1987, Thatcher resigned in November 1990 because of increasing opposition concerning her economic policies. She held a parliamentary seat as a representative of Finchely until 1992, when she did not stand for re-election. In 1992 she entered the House of Lords and was mad a Baroness Thatcher. Since her resignation, Thatcher has remained active in the politics of the United Kingdom, as well as the world. Thatcher had already been honoured by the Queen in 1990, shortly after her resignation as Prime Minister with the Order of Merit, one of the UK's highest distinctions.
Interesting facts
Margaret Thatcher has got a number of honours:
  • Lady of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (LG)
  • Member of the Order of Merit (OM)
  • Member of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council (PC)
  • Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS)
  • Honorary member of the Carlton Club, and the only woman entitled to full membership rights.

A public holiday Margaret Thatcher’s Day is held on the 10th of January on the Falkland Islands.
She has written a number of books :
  • Statecraft: Strategies for Changing World by Margaret Thatcher
  • The Collected Speeches of Margaret Thatcher by Margaret Thatcher
  • The Path to Power by Margaret Thatcher
  • The Downing Street Years by Margaret Thatcher

Sources:
  • http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/thatcher/
  • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher
  • http://www.margaretthatcher.org/essential/biography.asp#ess78-83
    Wordlist of Margaret Thatcher Project
    Conviction (n) - a fixed or strong belief ; viewpoint
    Apprise (v) – inform
    Decriminalise (v) – allow , permit , legalise
    Abolish (v) - to destroy completely ; cancel; lose
    Snatcher (n) – a person who steals or grasps something suddenly
    Scathing (adj.) - harmful or painful; injurious; critical
    Steadfast (adj.) – firmly loyal; steady
    Crisis-prone (adj.) – affected by dangerous situation
    Enact (v) – to establish by law
    Treble (v) - to make or become three times as much or as many
    Wordlist of Margaret Thatcher Project
    Conviction (n) - a fixed or strong belief; viewpoint
    Apprise (v) – inform
    Decriminalise (v) – allow, permit, legalise
    Abolish (v) - to destroy completely; cancel; lose
    Snatcher (n) – a person who steals or grasps something suddenly
    Scathing (adj.) - harmful or painful; injurious; critical
    Steadfast (adj.) – firmly loyal; steady
    Crisis-prone (adj.) – affected by dangerous situation
    Enact (v) – to establish by law
    Treble (v) - to make or become three times as much or as many
    Wordlist of Margaret Thatcher Project
    Conviction (n) - a fixed or strong belief; viewpoint
    Apprise (v) – inform
    Decriminalise (v) – allow, permit, legalise
    Abolish (v) - to destroy completely; cancel; lose
    Snatcher (n) – a person who steals or grasps something suddenly
    Scathing (adj.) - harmful or painful; injurious; critical
    Steadfast (adj.) – firmly loyal; steady
    Crisis-prone (adj.) – affected by dangerous situation
    Enact (v) – to establish by law
    Treble (v) - to make or become three times as much or as many
    Wordlist of Margaret Thatcher Project
    Conviction (n) - a fixed or strong belief; viewpoint
    Apprise (v) – inform
    Decriminalise (v) – allow, permit, legalise
    Abolish (v) - to destroy completely; cancel; lose
    Snatcher (n) – a person who steals or grasps something suddenly
    Scathing (adj.) - harmful or painful; injurious; critical
    Steadfast (adj.) – firmly loyal; steady
    Crisis-prone (adj.) – affected by dangerous situation
    Enact (v) – to establish by law
    Treble (v) - to make or become three times as much or as many
    Wordlist of Margaret Thatcher Project
    Conviction (n) - a fixed or strong belief; viewpoint
    Apprise (v) – inform
    Decriminalise (v) – allow, permit, legalise
    Abolish (v) - to destroy completely; cancel; lose
    Snatcher (n) – a person who steals or grasps something suddenly
    Scathing (adj.) - harmful or painful; injurious; critical
    Steadfast (adj.) – firmly loyal; steady
    Crisis-prone (adj.) – affected by dangerous situation
    Enact (v) – to establish by law
    Treble (v) - to make or become three times as much or as many
    Wordlist of Margaret Thatcher Project
    Conviction (n) - a fixed or strong belief; viewpoint
    Apprise (v) – inform
    Decriminalise (v) – allow, permit, legalise
    Abolish (v) - to destroy completely; cancel; lose
    Snatcher (n) – a person who steals or grasps something suddenly
    Scathing (adj.) - harmful or painful; injurious; critical
    Steadfast (adj.) – firmly loyal; steady
    Crisis-prone (adj.) – affected by dangerous situation
    Enact (v) – to establish by law
    Treble (v) - to make or become three times as much or as many
    Wordlist of Margaret Thatcher Project
    Conviction (n) - a fixed or strong belief; viewpoint
    Apprise (v) – inform
    Decriminalise (v) – allow, permit, legalise
    Abolish (v) - to destroy completely; cancel; lose
    Snatcher (n) – a person who steals or grasps something suddenly
    Scathing (adj.) - harmful or painful; injurious; critical
    Steadfast (adj.) – firmly loyal; steady
    Crisis-prone (adj.) – affected by dangerous situation
    Enact (v) – to establish by law
    Treble (v) - to make or become three times as much or as many
    Wordlist of Margaret Thatcher Project
    Conviction (n) - a fixed or strong belief; viewpoint
    Apprise (v) – inform
    Decriminalise (v) – allow, permit, legalise
    Abolish (v) - to destroy completely; cancel; lose
    Snatcher (n) – a person who steals or grasps something suddenly
    Scathing (adj.) - harmful or painful; injurious; critical
    Steadfast (adj.) – firmly loyal; steady
    Crisis-prone (adj.) – affected by dangerous situation
    Enact (v) – to establish by law
    Treble (v) - to make or become three times as much or as many
    Wordlist of Margaret Thatcher Project
    Conviction (n) - a fixed or strong belief; viewpoint
    Apprise (v) – inform
    Decriminalise (v) – allow, permit, legalise
    Abolish (v) - to destroy completely; cancel; lose
    Snatcher (n) – a person who steals or grasps something suddenly
    Scathing (adj.) - harmful or painful; injurious; critical
    Steadfast (adj.) – firmly loyal; steady
    Crisis-prone (adj.) – affected by dangerous situation
    Enact (v) – to establish by law
    Treble (v) - to make or become three times as much or as many
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