boat) d)faded vs clear mot new words are always motivated. (nt, ööbik-nighttingale, knight ja singer). Time goes, motivation shanges. If motivation is not clear, people try to give their own explanation. Folk etymology-when motivation is not clear, people give their own explanation to a certain extent. It is folk etmymology. It happenes to borrowed words most often (nt, french etiquette quite the ticket, meaning proper, polite). To understand the mot of a word, we must know its history . 5. Morphemes, allomorphs. Types of morphemic segnetability. Morphemes are the smallest lexical units (can not divide). They make up words. Morphemes have a certain meaning. (nt, pre preplain, preview; less waterless; hood brotherhood). Some morphemes have diff sounds(nt, please, pleasure, pleasant). They are variants of the same morpheme or allomorph. Types: segmentable those we can divide into morphemes (nt, hero- ic; happy ness). Non-
high). Emphatic stress is suggested graphically by the Italics, exclamation marks, dots and dashes. · Accompanying means of emphasis can be the prolongation of vowels. Vowels are prolonged to express positive emotions (glad). Consonants are prolonged to express negative feelings (lousy, monotonous) Pauses: · Logical pauses divide the utterance into meaningful parts--sense groups--and are marked by punctuation. (I didn't know him then, but I do now.) · Emotional pauses are introduced to draw attention to the words or phrases that follow, and thus, emphasize this word or phrase. (She is so gentle, so / gently cruel (pause is acted). Pauses may be marked in a text and may be introduced by the speaker. Both, oral and written speech are characterized by orchestration--the choice of words with respect to the acoustic properties of sound. Due to their acoustic features sound may
7 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ They usually go to bed at about midnight. 2 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2001. This sheet may be photocopied for use in class. 8 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Yes, we own a BMW. 9 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ I don't know what the word means. Look it up in a dictionary. 10 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ No, I don't like the Spice Girls. Marks: /10 Words, words, words 4 Complete these sentences using the correct form of the words below. There is one extra word which you do not need to use.
A semantic role is the underlying relationship that a participant has with the main verb in a clause. Also known as: semantic case, thematic role, theta role (generative grammar), and deep case (case grammar) Example: If, in some real or imagined situation, someone named John purposely hits someone named Bill, then John is the agent and Bill is the patient of the hitting event. Therefore, the semantic role of Bill is the same (patient) in both of the following sentences: John hit Bill. Bill was hit by John. In both of the above sentences, John has the semantic role of agent. Syntax- the study of sentence formation; the way words combine to form sentences; combinations of words Lexeme- a minimal unit in the lexicon of a language Ex: go-went-gone-going=go Morphosyntactic properties- morpho- refers to morphology and includes rules for deriving the various inflectional forms of a lexeme from the lexical stem -syntax- refers to the syntax of a language which includes rules that specify unde
6 Graphic presentation ,,This sweet (negative meaning) lady has killed five husbands." Punctuation used uncommonly ,,But I have alwyas had to fight for my children while he sat over his books and played." (uncommon dash) 7 Exclamatory and interrogative sentences e.g Women and votes! It's the last stage of decomposition of the world! The writer indicating the quality of the character's voice, then the writer may add ,,he add" in remarks. e.g And in twenty years do you know what those people will be? Society, she said blackly. Positive adherent connotation This type of connotation is used less frequently than negative connotation. 6 1 The neighbourhood of close words with inherent positive connotation (delightful, exciting, marvellous, splendid) e.g She kissed my hands. ,,They are beautiful", she said, ,,big and red and brutal."
"). 7. Uncommon use of punctuation (e.g. "But I have always had to fight for my children while he sat over his books and prayed."). 8. Exclamatory and interrogatory sentences (e.g. "Women and votes! It's the last stage of the decomposition of the world." "women" and "votes" become negative due to the exclamation mark). 9. The writer may indicate the quality of the character's voice (e.g. "And in 20 years do you know what those people would be? "Society," she said blackly (shows speaker's negative attitude). "Society" becomes negatively because of "blackly"). FGI 1081 Stylistics (I. Ladusseva) 6 Cases of negative AC are far more numerous than those of positive AC, and the reason is that in English we have a great number of words for conveying positive attitude and not so many of
and treatment of old people: a specialist in geriatric person should have [n prescription] If these don't work, I medicine. meditsiini haru, mis käsitleb eakate inimeste may have to prescribe you something stronger. ravimit haigusi, ravi- ja profülaktikameetodeid määrama 36.germ n - [d:m] a very small living thing that can 60. prevention n - You know what they say, prevention is better make you ill: Put disinfectant down the toilet to kill any than cure (=it is better to stop something bad from happening germs. pisik, bakter than to remove the problem once it has happened). ärahoidmine 37.gloomy adj - making you feel that things will not
1. STYLE The term "style" is polysemantic (has many meanings): a Latin word "stilus" originally meant a writing instrument used by ancient people. Already in classical Latin the meaning was extended to denote the manner of expressing one's ideas in written or oral form. Jonathan Swift defined style as "proper words in proper places". In present day English the word "style" is used in about a dozen of principle meanings: 1. the characteristic manner in which a writer expresses his/her ideas (e.g. style of Byron) 2. the manner of expressing ideas, characteristic of a literary movement or period 3. the use of language typical of a literary genre (e.g. the style of a comedy, drama, novel). 4. the selective use of language that depends on spheres / areas of human activity (e.g. style of fiction, scientific prose, newspapers, business correspondence, etc.). STYLISTICS Stylistics is the study of style. The very term "stylistics" came in more com
Kõik kommentaarid