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2013-10-04
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Nadezhda Sa
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These two chapters highlight the kinds of commentary Swift makes throughout the novel. By describing a society that chooses its highest officials with silly competitions like seeing who can jump the highest on a tightrope, Swift is poking fun at the way officials are chosen in England. He is also commenting on the disturbing trend of politicians who are willing to do whatever it takes to gain favour in the courtincluding humiliating themselves. The danger of ambition is also figured here; jumping badly can lead to death. Having Gulliver stand with his legs apart so that the Lilliputian armies can walk through is also a ridiculous idea. It is a comment on the pomp and circumstance of English armies
For the latter he was sent to the pillory for three days. After that experience he wrote 'Hymn to the Pillory' in which he criticized the law. 'Robinson Crusoe' was published in 1719. It is based on the true story of Alexander Selkirk and is also autobiographical. Robinson is considered the first bourgeoisie character. He also wrote 'Roxana', 'Captain Singleton' and 'Moll Flanders'. Jonathan Swift (1667 1745) was born in Dublin to a poor family. However, his father died before he was born and he was raised by his uncle. He attended Dublin Univerity, where he excelled at history, literature and languages. After graduation he became a private secretary to Sir William Temple in London, who had a very large library where Swift could educate himself and he received his MA degree in 1692 from Oxford. He returned to Ireland and became a vicar, but went back to London in a year
It steadily rejects stoicism in favour of Christian morality, and thus found little popularity among his unregenerate officer brothers. Perhaps due to this, a strain of missionary endeavour ran through much of his subsequent journalism. As a contributor to the Spectacle, Steele proved a censorious critic of the drama, putting down the moral excesses of the Restoration stage in favour of the soberer joys of Terence. (Sanders, p. 295-298) 22. Augustan satire (Dryden, Swift, Pope, Johnson) Dryden’s satire was primarily influenced by his political views. This is evident in his following plays: Absalom and Achitophel and The Medall: A Satyre Against Sedition. Regarding the latter, it is said that the King himself provided the subject for the play. The Medall is a frontal attack on Shaftesbury’s character and on the political motives of his party, the Whigs. Additionally, Dryden as a satirist was also motivated by professional rivalry
Satire in Lilliput In Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels, Swift uses satire to tell a tale of Lemuel Gulliver going on voyages in strange lands and meeting a variety of different characters. Jonathan Swift's was one of the greatest satirists of his and our time. In the first book of Gulliver's Travels millions of young schoolchildren have grown to love this famous story and never recognize the satire hidden in the story. In his first Book he uses satire to demonstrate English politics by using the citizens of Lilliput.
Both credited with raising the culturl level of the English middle-classes. Steele: crusader for morality, Addison: purpose to introduce the middle-class to recent developments in philosophy and literature and so educate their tastes. Essays discussions on current matters, often in highly ironic and refined style. Development of the English essay, essayst could be honest observer and reader’s friend. 22. Augustan satire (Dryden, Swift, Pope, Johnson) Satire – fitted Addisons wider objective of trying to avoid the extremes of either Puritan enthusiasm or Restoration libertinism. Using laughter against fanaticism and vice. Satire used for personal or political invective (sõim) was impolite. Politeness called satirist to use weapons against not some person but against vice in general. This was opinion of Addison and Steele. In practice, largely ignored. Satire was based on the events and personalities of the moment
1. Society- people who interact in such a way as to share a common culture. The cultural bond may be ethnic or racial or geographical, based on gender, or due to shared beliefs, values, and activities. 2. Culture- beliefs, behaviors, objects, and other characteristics common to the members of a particular group or society. 3. A unitary state- a state governed as one single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions (subnational units) exercise only powers that their central government chooses to delegate. The majority of states in the world have a unitary system of government. 4. A federal state-- a political entity characterized by a union of partially self- governing states or regions under a central (federal) government. 5. A multinational state- A multinational state is a sovereign state which is viewed as comprising two or more nations. Such a state contrasts with a nation-state where a single nation comprises the bulk of the p
Britain History Pre-Norman Britain The Iberians brought their metal-working skills and the first real civilization to Britain in the third millennium B.C and were overrun by various Celtic invasions that began in the 8th century. The Celts introduced their tribal organization and an early form of agriculture before they were forced westward by the Roman invasion. Forms of Celtic language are still spoken in Britain. Romans (with Julius Caesar in the head of them) first tried to occupy Britain in 55 B.C., but there was a rebellion in Gaul so they had to leave to fight against it. Next time they came in 43 A.D. and their leader was Emperor Claudius. Romans brought a lot with them. Their brought paved roads, the sites of important cities, the seeds of Christianity, the Roman law, Roman baths, language and advanced civilization. They also built Hadrian's Wall in 122 A.D. Romans occupied Britain for four centuries. The Roman wa
Style The term style is a polysemantic one. The latin word ,,stilus" meant a writing instrument used by the ancients for writing on waxed tablets. Already, in classical latin the meaning of style was extended to denote the manner of expressing one's ideas in written or oral form. One of the abts/the best was given by Jonathan Swift: ,,Proper words in proper places." In present- day english, the world style is used in about half a dozen basic meanings. 1. the characteristic manner in which a writer expresses his ideas. Some speak about the style of Hemingway, Dickens etc. 2. the manner of expressing ideas, characteristic of a literary movement or period. Style of symbolism, romanticism 3. the use of language to pick a literary genre-comedy, novel, drama, O.D (poetic form) etc. 4
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