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London topic (0)

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London
Topic
Tallinn 2008
General information
London is the capital of the United Kingdom. It covers the area of about 1000 square kilometres and its population is about 7 million.
London is located on the river Thames . It is divided into 32 boroughs and the City. Currency used in London is British Pound.
London is one of the most popular tourist destination in the world. It is also world’s leading business, financial and cultural centre .
Subway is commonly used to move around in London.
Climate
London has a temperate marine climate. It has daily high temperatures during summer . The warmest month is July . The coolest month is January . Winders are seldom below freezing. Rainfall is regular , but most often in the form of drizzle occurring throughout the year . Snow occurs sometimes in winter but rarely settles more than a few millimetres deep.
History
The origin of London may be dated around the beginning of the 1st century AD, when a Celtic tribe settled near a fordable point of the Thames.
L achieved real importance following the Roman conquest under Claudius (43AD). The Romans build a bridge , somewhat east of the present city. This bridge soon was part of a trade road and attracted more and more traders. Soon the flourishing city Londinium came into existence. The Romans rebuilt the town into a centre of great importance.
After the Romans withdrew from Britain in the Picts, Scots, Jutes, Angles and Saxons invaded London. It started to expand again under the Saxon kings. London was described as a commercial centre into which goods from all parts of the world flew by land and sea.
King Alfred the Great repopulated and fortified the city. Edward the Confessor started to build a new royal palace at Westminster and raised London to the level of capital. William the Conqueror started the construction of the Tower of London and his successor William II enlarged it and constructed Westminster Hall. The two centres which were to characterise the English capital for many years emerged: The City of L and Westminster.
In 1193 Londoners elected Henry Fitzalwin their first Mayor and in 1209 a stone bridge was built to replace the earlier wooden one, which was the first real London Bridge.
In 1349 the Black Death killed thousands of citizens.
During the reign of Elizabeth I, the first map of L was published and the Globe Theatre built. Many people perished In the Plague (1603) and in the following Great Plague ( 1664 -1665). It was ended by the Great Fire on Sept 2, 1666 . It destroyed many houses and churches including St Paul’s, and the Royal Exchange. However , the Fire meant that the City could be improved . The streets were widened and the houses were built of stronger materials. Sir Christopher Wren rebuilt 53 of the destroyed churches.
Soon the rich people lived in the West End and the workers suffered in terrible poverty in the East End.
The first horse-drawn omnibus was imported from Paris in 1829 and the same year witnessed the formation of the Metropolitan Police.
The first railway ran from London to Greenwich .
During the long reign of Queen Victoria London took on, for the most part, its present appearance. In attempt to solve the serious traffic problems the construction of the Underground began.
In 1895 rower bridge was opened.
In 1939 WW II broke out and many children were moved out the city. Unfortunately many of them had returned when the Blitz began in 1940. The German bombs started to fall on London like rockets.
In 1991 the highest building in the UK, Canary Warf Tower, was opened.
Today London is the home for seven million people speaking over 200 languages .
Sights
London boasts four World Heritage Sites: Westminster Abbey , the Tower of London, the historic settlement of Greenwich and the Royal Botanic Gardens .
Westminster Abbey is mainly Gothic church . It served as a cathedral from 1546 – 1556 . It is the traditional place of burial site for English monarchs. It is Located next to the Houses of Parliament .
The tower of London is on the north bank of the River Thames. The tower as a whole is a complex of several buildings. The tower's primary function was a fortress, a royal palace, and a prison . It has also served as a place of execution and torture , an armoury, a treasury , a zoo, the Royal Mint, a public records office, an observatory, and since 1303, the home of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom.
London also has many beautiful bridges, parks and churches.
The oldest is the London Bridge, which was originally made from wood . In 1209 it was replaced by a stone bridge. That followed with a granite bridge in 1831 and the present bridge in 1973.
The most recent bridge is the Millennium Bridge. It is one of the world's first horizontal suspension bridges. Londoners nicknamed the bridge the Wobbly Bridge. The name came after some people felt an unexpected swaying motion on the first two days after the bridge opened. It was then closed and modified .
Hyde Park is London’s largest open space (630 acres). Hyde Park was the site of Prince Albert 's Great Exhibition in 1851. It used to be a hunting ground for Henry VIII. It is famous for its Speakers' Corner . The park has become a traditional location for mass demonstrations.
Another place often visited by tourists is the London Eye also known as the Millennium Wheel . It is the tallest (135  metres ) Ferris wheel in Europe . It was established in 1834. It has 32 capsules and you can see 40 km from the top of the wheel.
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London
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London

unsuccessful. They made their way to the river Thames and sailed up it. The Romans knew it was important to control a crossing point at the river Thames, so they decided to build a settlement on the north bank. Although small settlements had been built on the banks of the Thames, the Romans were the ones who built the first city. They called their city Londinium. The Roman engineers noticed that the point where the swampy river narrowed would make an ideal crossing point, they built London Bridge. Less than 20 years later the native Iceni tribe, led by Queen Boudicca, rose up against the Romans in revenge for mistreatment and burnt Londinium to the ground. The well disciplined Roman army defeated her forces and Londinium was rebuilt. By AD 100 it had also become the capital of the Roman province. A massive wall was built to protect the city from further attacks. The Roman Empire came under increasing attack across Europe and in AD 410 they retreated.

Inglise keel
London’s early history
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London’s early history.

Contents Introduction...................................................3 London's early history.....................................45 The people of London......................................6 Buildings and bridges......................................7 Intruduction London is the capital of the united kingdom (UK), which is made up of Great Britain(England, Scotland, Wales) and Northern Ireland. The city lies in the southeast of England and covers an area of about 1,578 square kilometres on either side of the River Thames. With population of seven million, London is by far the largest city in the UK. Birmingham, the second largest, has just over one million inhabitants. Cultural life London is the worldclass centre

Inglise keel
Topic - London
5
doc

Topic - London

Topic ­ London Tallinn English College Tallinn 2007 1. Introduction London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and the largest urban area in England. The ancient City of London, to which the name originally belonged, still maintains its medieval boundaries, but the name "London" has long applied more to the whole metropolis that has grown up around it. London has been an important settlement for over two millenniums. It is also one of the world's leading business, financial and cultural centres and its influence in politics, education, entertainment and even fashion contribute to its status as a major global city. London is a major tourist attraction with four world heritage sites, several royal parks and numerous iconic landmarks such as the Houses of Parliament, Towe Bridge, the Tower of London, Westminster Abbey and the London Eye. 2. History

Inglise keel
London - sillad-tornid-ajalugu
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London - sillad, tornid, ajalugu

THE CITY OF LONDON History The City of London occupies one square mile in the middle of the capital. It once made up entire town of London, surrounded by the wall first built by Romans. The Romans also built a bridge over the Thames and there has been one in the same area ever since. The Roman Londinium grew up on the northern side of the bridge. In AD 61 the native Celtic tribe, led by Queen Boudicca, rose up against the Romans. They burnt down Londinium to the ground and killed most of its inhabitants. Roman armies eventually defeated Boudicca and Londinium was rebuilt.

Inglise keel
The City on London
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The City on London

The City of London History The City of London occupies one square mile in the middle of the capital. It once made up the entire town of London, surrounded by the wall first built by the Romans. The Roman Londinium grew up on the northern side of the "London Bridge" in the past. Products such as olive oil, wines and fruit were brought by ships from different parts of the Roman Empire and unloaded onto wooden quays along the river. In AD 61 the native Celtic Iceni tribe, led by Queen Boudicca, rose up against The Romans. They burnt Londinium to the ground but Roman armies eventually defeated Boudicca

Inglise keel
Londoni ajalugu Rooma - 20 sajand
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Londoni ajalugu Rooma - 20 sajand

London important sights guide Roman period ­ 20th century · Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London and is often extended to refer to the clock or the clock tower as well. It is the largest four-faced chiming clock and the third-tallest free-standing clock tower in the world. The clock first ticked on 31 May 1859. The pendulum is installed within an enclosed windproof box sunk beneath the clockroom. It is 3.9m long, weighs 300 kg and beats every 2 seconds. The clockwork

Inglise keel
London - the capital of Great Britain
2
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London - the capital of Great Britain

London London is the capital of Great Britain. It is situated on the river Thames. The Thames is a river flowing through southern England and connecting London with the sea. The Thames has a length of 346 kilometres (215 miles). The first bridge was the tower bridge, built in the 12th century. The second bridge was built in the year 1750. .The river Thames divides London into the northern and the southern part. The port of London is one of the greatest trade centres in the world. The river Thames is certainly the most famous water body in London. London is also the seat of the government of Great Britain. It is one of the largest cities in the world with its population of about seven million. Before the great fire in 1666 there were many wooden houses and narrow crooked streets in the town but after the fire it became a well-planned city

Inglise keel
London
2
doc

London

What is London? London is one of the largest cities in the world, with an area of 1706,8 km2. It is the capital of England and The United Kingdom. It is in Central Europe. The city lies on the river Thames. London has 7,556,900 inhabitants, which is more than a quarter of the countries in Europe! For one city, London is very special. The beginning of London Before the founding of London, there had already been smaller groups of people in the area. There aren't any records on who they were. The first mayor settlement of London was in 43 AD. Romans came to the banks of the river Thames. They built houses, a port and a bridge over the river (later known as London Bridge). They named the place Londinium. In the year 200 they built a wall around their city. The wall doesn't exist today, but a part of it can be seen near the Museum of London. In the year 61 Londinium was burned down

Inglise keel




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