Shipreport (0)

1)Main machinery
On a ship , the engine room , or ER, is the propulsion machinery spaces of the vessel . To increase the safety and damage survivability of a vessel, the machinery necessary for operations may be segregated into various spaces. The engine room is one of these spaces, and is generally the largest physical compartment of the machinery space. The engine room houses the vessel's prime mover, usually some variations of a heat engine - diesel engine, gas or steam turbine . On some ships, the machinery space may comprise more than one engine room, such as forward and aft, or port or starboard engine rooms , or may be simply numbered.
1.1)Main engine
The engine room of a motor vessel typically contains several engines for different purposes. Main, or propulsion engines are used to turn the ship's propeller and move the ship through the water. They typically burn diesel oil or heavy fuel oil, and may be able to switch between the two. There are many propulsion arrangements for motor vessels, some including multiple engines, propellers, and gearboxes.
Large engines drive electrical generators that provide power for the ship's electrical systems. Large ships typically have three or more synchronized generators to ensure smooth operation. The combined output of a ship's generators is well above the actual power requirement to accommodate maintenance or the loss of one generator .
1.1.1)Diesel engine
The diesel engine (also known as a compression- ignition engine) is an internal combustion engine that uses the heat of compression to initiate ignition and burn the fuel that has been injected into the combustion chamber. This contrasts with spark -ignition engines such as a petrol engine (gasoline engine) or gas engine (using a gaseous fuel as opposed to gasoline), which use a spark plug to ignite an air-fuel mixture.

A two- stroke , two- cycle , or two-cycle engine is a type of internal combustion engine which completes a power cycle in only one crankshaft revolution and with two strokes , or up and down movements, of the piston in comparison to a " four -stroke engine", which uses four strokes. This is accomplished by the end of the combustion stroke and the beginning of the compression stroke happening simultaneously and performing the intake and exhaust (or scavenging) functions at the same time.

A four-stroke engine (also known as four-cycle) is an internal combustion engine in which the piston completes four separate strokes which comprise a single thermodynamic cycle. A stroke refers to the full travel of the piston along the cylinder , in either direction. While risqué slang among some automotive enthusiasts names these respectively the "suck," "squeeze," " bang " and "blow" strokes.[1] they are more commonly termed

High- speed ( approximately 1,000 rpm and greater ) engines are used to power trucks (lorries), buses , tractors, cars, yachts, compressors, pumps and small electrical generators. As of 2008, most high-speed engines have direct injection. Many modern engines, particularly in on-highway applications, have common rail direct injection, which is cleaner burning .

Medium-speed engines are used in large electrical generators, ship propulsion and mechanical drive applications such as large compressors or pumps. Medium speed diesel engines operate on either diesel fuel or heavy fuel oil by direct injection in the same manner as low-speed engines.

Also known as slow -speed, or traditionally oil engines, the largest diesel engines are primarily used to power ships, although there are a few land - based power generation units as well. These extremely large two-stroke engines have power outputs up to approximately 85 MW (114,000 hp), operate in the range from approximately 60 to 200 rpm and are up to 15 m (50 ft) tall , and can weigh over 2,000 short tons (1,800 t).
1.1.2)A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft. Its modern manifestation was invented by Sir Charles Parsons in 1884.[1]
Because the turbine generates rotary motion, it is particularly suited to be used to drive an electrical generator – about 90% of all electricity generation in the United States (1996) is by use of steam turbines.[2] The steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives much of its improvement in thermodynamic efficiency from the use of multiple stages in the expansion of the steam, which results in a closer approach to the ideal reversible expansion process.
1.1.3) A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type of internal combustion engine. It has an upstream rotating compressor coupled to a downstream turbine, and a combustion chamber in-between.
The basic operation of the gas turbine is similar to that of the steam power plant except that air is used instead of water. Fresh atmospheric air flows through a compressor that brings it to higher pressure . Energy is then added by spraying fuel into the air and igniting it so the combustion generates a high-temperature flow.
1.1.4) A diesel- electric transmission system includes a diesel engine connected to an electrical generator, creating electricity that powers electric traction motors. No clutch is required .
Before diesel engines came into widespread use, a similar system, using a petrol (gasoline) engine and called petrol-electric or gas-electric, was sometimes used.
1.1.5) A turbocharger, or turbo (colloquialism), from the Greek "τύρβη" ("turbulence") is a turbine- driven forced induction device that makes an engine more efficient and produce more power for its size by forcing extra air into the combustion chamber.[1][2] A turbocharged engine is more powerful and efficient than a naturally aspirated engine, because the turbine forces more air, and proportionately more fuel, into the combustion chamber than atmospheric pressure alone .
1.2) A propeller is a type of fan that transmits power by converting rotational motion into thrust. A pressure difference is produced between the forward and rear surfaces of the airfoil-shaped blade , and a fluid (such as air or water) is accelerated behind the blade. Propeller dynamics can be modelled by both Bernoulli 's principle and Newton 's third law. A marine propeller is sometimes colloquially known as a screw propeller or screw.
1.2.1A controllable pitch propeller (CPP) or variable pitch propeller is a type of propeller with blades that can be rotated around their long axis to change their pitch. If the pitch can be set to negative values , the reversible propeller can also create reverse thrust for braking or going backwards without the need of changing the direction of shaft revolutions.
1.2.2) Fixed Pitch Propellers are recommended when optimal efficiency, reliability , and robustness is required. Each ship’s hull has its own characteristics . In order to achieve the highest possible total efficiency of the vessel, the propeller must be a perfect match with the engine and the hull. A fixed pitch propeller is the choice when optimum efficiency, reliability and robustness are required. Fixed pitch propellers are usually installed for ocean sailing vessels, for example
Container vessels
Tankers
Bulk carriers
Dry cargo vessels
1.3) The Rolls -Royce gearbox range is based on the single-input single-output design with built -in clutch and thrustblock - and a wide variety of power-take-offs that enable large-shaft generators to be driven - and electric motors to feed power for get-you-home propulsion or as part of a hybrid propulsion system.
The input shaft is provided with keyway for mounting of the flexible coupling and the output shaft with a cylindrical shaft or flange.
2) Auxiliary machinery
2.1)Generator
As you know that a ship is a mobile power plant or a moving mini-city. Air comp these moving giants have a pre- designed and erected compressed air system, which facilitates many activities onboard a ship.
There are mostly 4 to 8 and sometimes 10 air compressors found onboard. These air compressors take suction from the engine room atmosphere which is already under a slight positive pressure.
2.1.1) DC (direct current ) marine systems save up to 20 percent fuel and make ships directly compatible with solar and wind energy.
The concept of a total DC power system arose when ABB considered the most energy intensive part of operating a vessel: running the propulsion and thrusters. This power must be processed as a DC input to the variable frequency inverter that performs the speed control of the motor. Actually distributing at a DC level eliminates the losses in a switchboard and transformer.
2.1.2)Alternator
Alternators provide Alternative Current on ship. There are numerous ways of generating Alternating current on board but the basis arrangement of the alternator remains the same. This article explains the construction of an alternator and also the principle and working that drives it.