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2 Towns ( Upper & Lower Town)
Tallinn used to be divided into 2 parts - Upper Town where lived the aristocracy, gentry and the clergy; and Lower Town with traders, craftsmen and merchants. Legend says the Toompea Hill is actually the tumulus mound of the great Kalev. Linda carried rocks to his grave. It is a naturally-formed limestone hill.
Lower Town was a merchantile centre , Tallinn also belonged to the Hansaetic League (1285). It is often referred to as the town of citizens. Any grown -up, married and economically independent person , born in a legal marriage between two free people and having lived in the town for at least 3 months, could apply to the Magistracy for citizenship. Serfs could escape from serdom after having successfully hidden in town for a year and a day.
Two parts remained separated until the end of the 19th century .
Four Names
Lyndanise - mentioned by Henricus de Lettis in his Chronicle; derives from the name Linda - the wife of Kalev and mother of Kalevipoeg
Koluvan - mentioned in Russian chronicles; derives from the hero Kalev from our national epic
Reval - comes from the German words “REH” and “FALL”, meaning the falling of the deer; could be deers trying to escape from the Danes, running down the Toompea hill
Tallinn - the word origins from estonian language, could mean “taani-linn”, “tali-linn” or “talu-linn”; Reval was replaced when Estonia became independent
Symbols
Flag - blue black white tricolor ; blue represents sky, black the soil , and white our freedom .
Danneborg - red flag with a white cross fell from the sky during the battle in 1219. It is also set into the small coat of arms of Tallinn.
Great coat of arms - three lions, a knight, and Danish queen; leaves around
Old Thomas - quardian of Tallinn, put on top of the spire of Tallinn Town Hall in 1530 ; boy that excelled springtime contests thrown by Baltic German elite, because of his low-born status was unable to receive a prize, therefore was granted the position of town guard. Right now there ’s third Old Thomas, first one can be seen at Tallinn City Museum .
Toompea as a symbol of power
Toompea palace - wooden fortification was originally built in the 9th century, Danes made the castle the centre of secular power; Toompea palace hosts the parliament of the Republic of Estonia, designed by Eugen Habermann and Herbert Johanson. The parliament has 101 members and is chosen for 4 years .
Stenbock House - the official seat of the Estonian Government since 2000; the building started in 1787, originally meant to be a courthouse. After russians ran out of fund, house went into Jakob Pontus Stenbock’s possession. Renovation was carried out in 1996-2000.
Tall Hermann - tower in the south - west corner of the castle; 49 m built in 1371; ten floors and a viewing platform . Estonian flag is raised there every morning at sunrise but not before 7am and lowered at sunset but not later than 10pm; except at midsummer June 23, when it’s not lowered at all. It’s commonly recognised that whoever’s flag flies on top of this tower is the ruler of Estonia.
Toompea as a tourist attraction
Alexander Nevsky Cathedral - largest and grandest orthodox cathedral crowning the hill of Toompea. It was finished in 1900, when the country was a part of the Russian empire . Time of russification, many estonians against it. Dedicated to the prince of novgorod, alexander nevsky who won the battle of ice. Due to the lack of funds and the building’s massive construction , it was never demolished.
Kohtuotsa viewing platform - gives great view to the both parts of the city. blabla
Estonian Knighthood House - The German nobles in Estonia were united in the Estonian Knighthood. The Estonian Knighthood House was the building where the Knights met and held their festivities and where their peerage register was kept .
Town Hall Square
Raekoja plats (English: Town Hall Square) is a town square beside Tallinn Town Hall(Estonian: Raekoda ) in the center of the Tallinn Old Town in Tallinn, Estonia. It is a venue for numerous small festivals or concerts like Tallinn Old Town Days. Also hosts regular market every christmas and has a tradition of christmas tree since 1441, making the tree display over 570 years old.
Town Hall - first mentioned in 1322, the oldest gothic town hall in europe . magistracy existed there until 1970, its a concert hall and meeting place . Also a museum.
Pharmacy - always been in business in the same exact house since the early 15th century. It is also the oldest commercial enterprise and the oldest medical establishment in Tallinn. Johann Burchart family longest ran it 60 years. Unicorn powder , burnt hedgehogs, worms.
Also were a weighing house, well, pillory-
Magistracy - consisted of 24 burghermaster and something , selected from the members of the great guild
Guilds
The Great Guild - the association of hansaetic merchants, married persons,
Brotherhood of blackheads - association of local unmarried blackheads, when married went into the great guild. active from the 14th century til 1930. founded a military organisation, but became social one.
Estonians were never accepted into guilds.
Town Wall
Fat margaret and great coastal gate
They were built not only to defend the city from the seaward side of town, but also to impress any visitors arriving via the harbour.The Great Coastal Gate, along with the Viru Gates , are the last of six gates that controlled access to the town in Medieval times . The gate system here on Pikk street originated in the 1300s, but it was during reconstruction in the early 16th century that the Fat Margaret cannon tower was added. Built from 1511 to 1530, this hefty, round tower has a diameter of 25 metres , a height of about 20 metres, and walls up to 5 metres thick. The origins of Fat Margaret's name are a mystery . Some theories insist it was named for one of its larger cannons, while others hint at a cook called Margaret who once worked here. In any case , the tower has served a number of different functions throughout its history. It has been used a storehouse for gunpowder and weapons, and as a prison . Now it's home to the Estonian Maritime Museum, which provides a detailed look at the nation 's seafaring past.
3 churches of the lower town
Niguliste - 13th -century Gothic church -turned art museum. Destroyed during World War II and rebuilt during Soviet times, the church now houses a fascinating collection of medieval religious art, with altars from the 15th and 16th centuries , a collection of Baroque and Renaissance chandeliers, and a ' silver chamber .' The church is also known for its acoustics
Holy Spirit - 13th-century church adjacent Town Hall Square sports an impressive Baroque tower as well as an ornate, outdoor clock that's said to be one of the most photographed objects in Tallinn. A two-aisled church.
St Olaf - St. Olaf's 124m spire is a Tallinn landmark, and was the tallest building in Europe between 1549 and 1625. An old legend claims that the church was built to attract more merchant ships to the town by a mysterious craftsman who promised to work for free if the townspeople discovered his name (Olev). In reality , the church took its name from the canonised Norwegian king , Olav Havaldsson. The first mention of the church dates to 1267
Kadriorg Palace
Kadriorg Palace /1718 25 juuli ka kadrioru päev jäta meelde!) (Estonian: Kadrioru loss, German: Catherinethal) is a Petrine Baroquepalace built for Catherine I of Russia by Peter the Great in Tallinn, Estonia. Both the Estonian and the German name for the palace means "Catherine's valley". It was built after the Great Northern War to Nicola Michetti's designs by Gaetano Chiaveri andMikhail Zemtsov. The palace currently houses the Kadriorg Art Museum, a branch of theArt Museum of Estonia, displaying foreign art from the 16th to 20th centuries.[1] TheKUMU branch of the museum, showing Estonian art from the 18th century onwards is furthermore situated in the park.
Kadriorg as a district
The swan pond -
KUMU - Kumu (Estonian: Kumu Kunstimuuseum ) is an art museum in Tallinn, Estonia. The museum is the largest one in the Baltics and one of the largest art museums in Northern Europe. constructed 2003 - 2006, museum of the year 2008.
Mikkel - The Mikkel Museum (Estonian: Mikkeli muuseum ) is a branch of the Art Museum of Estonia, located in Kadriorg park in Tallinn. It displays a collection of mainly Western art and ceramics , and Chinese porcelain, donated by art collector Johannes Mikkel in 1994.
Russalka - The Russalka Memorial is a bronze monument sculpted by Amandus Adamson, erected on 7 September 1902 in Kadriorg, Tallinn, to mark the ninth anniversary of the sinking of the Russian warship Rusalka , or "Mermaid", which sank en route to Finland in 1893. Angel holding an orthodox cross.