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Old Tallinn (0)

1 Hindamata
Punktid

Kunda Gymnasium
Rait Türkel
Old Tallinn
Report
Instructor: Teacher Kristi Aron
Kunda 2012
Introduction
Like most cities with an eight - hundred - year -old past, Tallinn is a patchwork of historic areas . The city's pride and joy is without a doubt its Medieval Old Town, but equally enchanting is the Kadriorg district, a throwback to the time when Estonia was ruled by the Russian Tsars.
Tallinn is the capital and largest city of Estonia. It occupies an area of 159.2 km2 with a population of 416,470. It is situated on the northern coast of the country , on the shore of the Gulf of Finland , 80 km south of Helsinki, east of Stockholm and west of Saint Petersburg . Tallinn's Old Town is in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites . It is ranked as a global city and has been listed among the top 10 digital cities in the world.The city was a European Capital of Culture for 2011, along with urku, Finland.Tallinn is the oldest capital inNorthern Europe. The city was known as Reval from the 13th century until the 1920s .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallinn
Old Tallinn
The Old Town can historically be divided into two distinct areas: Toompea Hill and the Lower Old Town, which were separated by a dividing wall since medieval times . The elevated area of Toompea Hill with its castle was occupied by the residences of Tallinn’s rulers and gentry. The Lower Old Town meanwhile developed as an autonomous merchantile centre, flourishing during the 13th- 16th centuries , when the city enjoyed membership of the powerful Hanseatic Trading League. Generally speaking these two districts are now collectively referred as the Old Town.
The Town wall and towers
Medieval fortresses, which emerged during the development of the medieval town at the end of the 13th century, surrounded the city centre as a closed defence zone. By the 16th century, Tallinn’s defence system was one of the most powerful in Northern Europe.
The city wall was three meters thick, sixteen meters high, and four kilometres long, completely encircling the city with 46 defence towers. The portion of the wall that has survived is two kilometres long, encompassing 26 of the original towers.
Three towers and a section of the town wall surrounding the Old Town are open to the public and can be visited by anyone with a sense of adventure .
Tallinn Old Town is changing fast with widespread renovations, but it has kept its charm . Many of the 26 towers that still stand now house cafes and museums .
It is written in the chronicles that Kiek in de Kök was once the most powerful tower along the Baltic shores. The round cannon tower, built in the 15th century, has a diameter of 17 meters. Its height is 38 meters and its walls are 4 meters thick. The tower was just high enough that its guards had a view into the kitchens of neighbouring buildings. The tower s name, "peek in the kitchen ", comes from its height.
The tower was partially destroyed during the Livonian War (1558-1583), but the building itself did not fall . The tower has been rebuilt several times, but up until the 20th century, it was still being used as a gunpowder storage and storehouse.
Today the tower tells the story of the birth and development of Tallinn and the most important military events from the 13th to the 18th centuries. The external wall still holds stone and iron cannonballs from Russian tsar Ivan IV.
The Great Coastal Gate , built along with the city wall, is situated on the northern side of the Old Town, near the harbour.
During the reconstruction of the gate in the early 16th century, the cannon tower Fat Margaret was added. The round tower, with 155 loopholes, a diameter of 25 meters, and a height of about 20 meters, was built to protect the harbour. It got its name from the fact that it was indeed the stoutest tower in the city wall. Through history, the cannon tower has also served as a storehouse for gunpowder and weapons, and as a prison .
Fat Margaret now houses the Estonian Maritime Museum . The viewing platform on the roof affords a lovely view onto the Old Town and the bay.
The Down Hall
Tallinn's original Town Hall was established sometime in the 13th Century, and was replaced by the current Gothic monument , hewn from limestone, in 1402 -1404. The Hall served its function as the home of the city administration for an incredible 700 years , right up until 1970.
It remains an incredible building inside and out. From within , admire vaulted roofs and brightly decorated colonnades, from outside marvel at the slender tower, topped with Renaissance spire (added in 1627), reaching 64m towards the ether. Incidentally, the moustachioed weather vane on top is the symbolic guardian of the city - Vana Toomas!
http://www.tallinn-life.com/culture/culture_details/1-Tallinn_Town_Hall
Alexander Nevsky Cathedral
One of Tallinn's most resplendent monuments, but not one of it's most popular, the spectacular Alexander Nevsky Cathedral was built on orders from St. Petersburg during the times of Russian Imperial rule . Supposedly built on the grave of a legendary Estonian hero, Kalevipoeg, on the city's mighty Toompea Hill, the Orthodox cathedral was something of a Russian propaganda exercise at the time and still remains a subject of controversy amongst hardline patriots. Most locals though are content to admire the Alexander Nevsky as the fine piece of architecture .
http://www.tallinn-life.com/culture/culture_details/103-Alexander_Nevsky_Cathedral
The Song Festival Grounds
The tradition of the song festival was born along with Estonian national awakening. The first national song festival was held in Tartu in the summer of 1869.One of the organisers of the first song festival was Johann Voldemar Jannsen . In the first three festivals only men's choirs and brass orchestras participated. 822 singers and 56 brass players participated in the first festival. Starting with the fourth festival, mixed choirs were also participating. Starting with the sixth festival in 1896, the festival tradition moved to Tallinn.
Starting from 1947, the Soviet authorities forced foreign songs into the repertoire .Because of the inclusion of children 's and boys ' choirs the total number of participants rose to 25,000 – 30,000 people. The Dance and Gymnastic Festival of the First Estonian Games started in 1934 became predecessors of later National Dance Festivals accompanying the song festival.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_Song_Festival
Conclusion
I think that Tallinn is the most beautiful capitals in the world.I am proud that I have a Capital it is Tallinn.The old town is pretty impeccable as well as the rest of Tallinn. There are plenty of walk in and see what, if traveling to a wonderful place for recreation. I recommend everyone to visit Tallinn and get to know the history and life in.
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