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Lõuna-Aafrika, Saksamaa ja Mehhiko demokraatiate võrdlus inglise keelne (0)

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Inglise keel - Kõik luuletused, mis on inglise keeles

Lõik failist

whatare ‘territorial politics
    • The multi -level politics of federal, regionalised, devolved states

Distributionof power between central and regional government
    • Party competition across levels of government
    • ‘Regions’ as spheres for autonomous action

South Africa
Mexico
Germany
  • 9 provinces
  • ‘Cooperative’ federalism
    • German influence, ANC preference
    • Primacy of national legislation, limited provincial autonomy
    • Provincial second chamber (National Council of Provinces)
  • Big regional economic imbalances
  • Ethnicity and territory?
As you hint here , some groups (eg NP) wanted more provincial autonomy, but ANC wanted something more unitary – compromise
Regional imbalances also within provinces – which combine former (white) provinces and ( black ) homelands.
Service delivery is a big issue & focussed on provincial/ local level – very much on firing line link to recent NYT article
Boundary tensions over provincial boundaries – esp where cities lie on/ near borders – suggests that provinces do ‘ matter ’; lots of resources committed to these struggles, including legal challenges and violence
Evidence that centralised image of South African territorial politics over-simplified?
No – the provinces remain fairly lacking in power, but there is a lot of politics going on there – eg issues around corruption , political appointments, intra -party politics etc.
Territorial parties : Democratic Alliance has been successful in Cape Town but not elsewhere –
probably reflecting distinctive political issues there/ distinct political trajectory
Eg map on next page – which Sara showed in lecture shows swing towards/ away from ANC
Only area that went towards ANC was kwaZulu natal – influence of Zuma as presidential candidate
  • 31 states plus federal district
  • Predominant role for federal
    government
  • Centralisation in the
    ‘institutionalised revolution
  • Though more recent decentralisation
    in certain policy areas, including spending.
  • Second Chamber (Senate) mainly state representatives
  • Big regional economic imbalances, north -south
  • More powerful State Governors
  • Ethnicity and territory are closely correlated to poverty .
STATES
  • Formally modelled on US federalism
  • But authoritarian rule centralized power. Logic : development , consolidation of power to end rivalries.
  • More recent moves to decentralize by permitting states to enact laws . However , budget constraints limit their effectiveness.
  • Virtually no independent regional/state power through separate parties or formal interests.
  • Local/regional issues have been promoted by social movements.
Tensions in federal-state relations . Still highly centralized though states are not controlled by same parties as federal government necessarily.
Budget imbalance – budgetary authority being devolved, though still centralized. State governments in north eg hampered by low taxes (to attract business) and inability to raise revenue through bonds. Thus, infrastructure development dependent on federal government. Legacy of post-revolution consolidation of state power in federal executive .
Local authoritarianism: Corrupt local/state governments which retain authoritarian features . Patronage, special deals, etc.
No real territorial parties. Co-opted groups were functional ( labour , peasants, etc), not regional or territorial. Regional social movements emerged to argue for rights or interests. Zapatistas – land, justice in south. Human rights groups around disappearances, murders in north.
Migration and organised crime (drugs, etc) have given north a set of interests distinct from the south. But the response has been federal: police and troops.
Key distinctions between north and centre /south hinge on ethnicity, poverty, industry, agriculture . North is more industrial, ranching, US-linked, Mestizo. South is more ag, Indian, poorer.
Environmental interests now (from mid- 1990s ) represented in regional consultative councils, but this is relatively rare .
16 Laender
  • Cooperative federalism
  • Mainly federal laws
  • Mainly Laender implementation
  • Veto powers/gridlock
  • East -west economic differences
  • Relatively homogeneous society, no major territorial ethnic divisions
Germany Exhibit #2:
  • The East
  • Memory of statehood; perceptions of bad deal since 1990
  • Regionalist party – PDS/ Left
  • Defining self- interest : keep the subsidies flowing

Whydos tates have territorial politics?
Institutional(functional) explanations
Scale matters
Localcouncils running armies?
USfederal government organising garbage collection?
Bigstates generally have intermediate (national-regional-local) institutions
Efficientscale of delivery for e.g. heathcare or education
Reflect
Lõuna-Aafrika-Saksamaa ja Mehhiko demokraatiate võrdlus inglise keelne #1 Lõuna-Aafrika-Saksamaa ja Mehhiko demokraatiate võrdlus inglise keelne #2
Punktid 50 punkti Autor soovib selle materjali allalaadimise eest saada 50 punkti.
Leheküljed ~ 2 lehte Lehekülgede arv dokumendis
Aeg2013-03-20 Kuupäev, millal dokument üles laeti
Allalaadimisi 3 laadimist Kokku alla laetud
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