· salutation · Paragraph 1 reasons for writing · Paragraphs 2, 3 development · Final paragraph closing remarks · Name · Letters are divided into two categories, formal and informal. There are various types of formal and informal letters . · It is important to think about the person who you are writing to before you begin writing a letter. If the wrong style is used, the letter will look impolite, silly or odd. For example, if you used formal language to write to a close friend, the letter would look odd, or if you used informal language to write a letter to a company, the letter would look impolite. · There are certain characteristics which allow us to distinguish between formal and informal letters. These are: ~ The salutation (e.g. Dear Sir/Madam, Dear Bill) ~ The style or language (e.g. use of formal language for formal letters, or the use of slang and idioms for informal letters) ~ The closing remarks (e.g
endiltteisele. Viimane lõik moodustab kokkuvõtte ja peaks esimeseslauses võtma eelpoolt oodud arutluse kokku ning seejärel lisamasellest tuleneva lõpumärkuse. · Expressing opinions Introduction State the topic and your own opinion clearly without using too many personal opinion words Main body (para. 2 - 4) Give the first, second and third argument and examples or reasons to support your opinion Conclusion Re-state your opinion, using different words Useful language To list points firstly, in the first place, first of all, to start with, secondly, thirdly, finally, last but not least To add more points to the same topic what is more, furthermore, also, apart from this, in addition to, moreover, besides, too, not to mention the fact that, another major reason To introduce conflicting viewpoints a lot of people believe/think, many people are in favour of/against, peopleoften claim that, it is popularly believed that, it is argued that,
Key terminology Key terminology Language assessment is a specialist field and there is some common terminology which might be These terms are commonly used to refer to Cambridge English Qualifications. There are also some unfamiliar to you. Learning to recognise these terms will help you to understand this guide. other terms in this guide which are more widely used in the field of assessment. When these terms
future I will refer to this later this will be referred to later Personal pronouns Active verbs use more personal pronouns: I think ... We are working on ... Be careful not to overuse I. We is a good alternative for talking about companies: We will launch the product in June. Reference to the audience As I'm sure you know ... We have all experienced ... You may remember ... As I'm sure we'd all agree ... Everyday language Using slang and everyday expressions can make an impact on the audience and add drama: Where's the caring side of employment gone? I'll tell you where. It's hiding behind a damned set of targets and objectives that's where it is! You need to know your audience very well to use this kind of language. Emphasising and minimising Emphasising Strong adverbs intensify adjectives: We've had an extremely good year.
· In a weaker class, work on the first have a huge amount of luggage with representing the consonants of the statement together and then ask the him. I imagine he is planning to stay language. The first true alphabet was students to work individually. for a long time. He looks bewildered the Semitic alphabet which appeared and rather disorientated. It must feel · Use of English: Encourage the students to read the whole text around 1700 BC, followed, about 700
/ So and so, thanks. · Not so good, actually 1 The English alphabet Spelling Work with your partner and spell out first your name and then some names of places. Write down each letter as you hear it, and then say the word. The English alphabet on the phone: You might find the following alphabet (used by international airlines) useful when trying to spell a word on the telephone. A Alpha O Oscar Ä Alpha-Echo Ö Oscar-Echo B Bravo P Papa C Charlie Q Quebec D Delta R Romeo E Echo S Sierra F Foxtrot Sch Sierra Charlie Hotel G Golf T Tango
The Project Gutenberg EBook of Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Pride and Prejudice Author: Jane Austen Release Date: August 26, 2008 [EBook #1342] [Last updated: August 11, 2011] Language: English Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PRIDE AND PREJUDICE *** Produced by Anonymous Volunteers, and David Widger PRIDE AND PREJUDICE By Jane Austen Contents Chapter 1 Chapter 22 Chapter 2 Chapter 23 Chapter 43 Chapter 3 Chapter 24 Chapter 44 Chapter 4 Chapter 25 Chapter 45
their contractual obligations. By reversing the order in which the two problems are described, the secretary ensures that this piece of information receives the maximum amount of emphasis, or focus, and thus leads logically into the recommendation. We will be looking again at the idea of linguistic focus in Unit 6. 3 Grammar, Spelling and Sentence Construction As well as reorganizing the information in the report the secretary also made a number of changes to the language which the writer had used. You probably noticed that Text 1 contained a number of grammatical and spelling mistakes. If not, look for them now before continuing with this Discussion section. Grammar `AMC's works have gone down' AMC's work has really gone down. (Work is a singular, uncountable noun.) `since five days' for five days (Since is used only with a
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