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RE English is spoken on all five continents (0)

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Inglise keel - Kõik luuletused, mis on inglise keeles

Introduction
English is spoken on all five continents. With regard to the numbers of speakers it is only exceeded by Chinese and Spanish . But in terms of geographical spread it stands at the top of the league .
The varieties of English in the modern world are divided into four geographical groups as follows.
British Isles
America
England
United States (with African American English)
Wales
Canada
Ireland
The Caribbean
Africa
Asia , Pacific
West Africa
South - and South-East Asia
East Africa
Australia and New Zealand
South Africa
The Pacific islands
The two main groups are Britain and America.
British English is the form of English used in the United Kingdom.
American English is the form of English used in the United States.
Comparison of American and British English
American English has a great influence on the English language all over the world and has enriched it. About 70 precent of all native speakers of English live in America. The British people who settled in America ub the 17th century brought their language with them . The vocabulary of American English probably started developing on the first day after the arrival of the first English-speaking settlers , and it has continued to change for 400 years . As the New World had many plants, animals , and other things that were not found in Britian, the settlers added new words to their vocabulary every day. Their language was also influenced by the languages of the Native Ameircans and the settlers from other countries like Spain, France , and Germany . Examples of Native American words include tomato , potato, maize, tobacco, moccasin, and barbeque .
Vocabulary changes are not as easily accepted by older people, but young generations often use a mixture of both types of English. There are no borders for songs , films, and books , wich influence the language greatly.
Examples of vocabulary difference :
British English American English
sweets candy
sweet shop candy store
chemist's drugstore
chips French fries
biscuit cookie
queue line
pillar box mailbox
trousers pants
underground subway
flat apartment
holiday vacation
form grade
secondary school highschool
ground floor first floor
autumn fall
petrol gas
toilet restroom
accelerator gas [pedal], accelerator
bonnet hood
boot trunk
mudguard, wheel arch , wing fender
hood convertible top
car park parking lot
Cat's eye reflexes between lanes on the road
driving licence driver's license
dual carriageway divided highway
estate car station wagon
flyover overpass
gearbox transmission
hard shoulder shoulder
juggernaut 18 wheeler, tractor- trailer
lorry truck
articulated lorry trailer truck, semi
motorway freeway or highway
pavement sidewalk
roadworks construction zone, roadwork
petrol gasoline or gas
saloon sedan
silencer muffler
spanner wrench
ticking over idling
windscreen windshield
anti-clockwise counter-clockwise
car valeting auto detailing
In addition to vocabulary, British and American English differ in other ways . English speakers in America have a different accent; their spelling and pronunciation vary as well. For example, in American English any 'r' is usually pronounced. So words large, hear , hurt, and dinner would sound differently.
In 1785 Noah Webster became famous by producing The American Spelling Book, which marked the real birth of American English.
He was a graduate of Yale University who started his career as a teacher in a school. When teaching, reading and spelling, he lacked good materials. The only textbooks used at that time were textbooks from overseas that made no reference to the people, events, or language of America. Webster felt that an original American textbook would help inspire the sense of identity and patriotism of the younger generation.
It was his belief that pupils should enjoy learning; therefore the grammar in his popular ''speller book'' was kept simple, and it contained inspiring text by American authors . Webster began to think systematically how words should be spelled. He achieved his goal in 1806, when he published A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language- with 37, 000 words, it was the first popular dictionary produced in America. It followed the publication of a Dictionary of the English language written by Samuel Johnson in Britian in 1755
Noah Webster completed his greatest work - An American Dictionary of the English language - in 1828 and after his death , his family sold the rights to the rights to the brothers George and Charles Merriam, who continued to publish the dictionary under the name Merriam-Webster.
Webster's aim was to spell words more closely to the way they were pronounced and to create obvious differences to British English. So he got rif of the ''uu'' in colour and favour. He left out the double ''l'' in travelled and cancelled. He changed the centre to center . Not all Webster's spellings became popular: he tried to change soup into soop , toungue into tung, women to wimmen, etc. The strenght of Webster's dictionary, wich sold more than 100 million copies, was that he included lots of the words from the New World, such as tobacco, potato, maize, and many others. He also added slange expressions and numerous technical and medical terms taken from Latin .
Examples of different spelling
American English British English
Color Colour
Center Centre
Traveling Travelling
Organize Organise
Examples of grammar differences
American English British English
  • He just left./ He has He has just left.
just left.
  • We saw that film. We have seen that film.
  • Did he hand in the Has he handed in the report yet?

report yet?
  • Hello , is this David? Hello, is that David?
  • Do you have a ticket ?/ Have you got a ticket?

Have you got a ticket?
  • The kitchen smelled of The kitchen smelt of roast chicken

roast chicken

something

his paper by spilling
coffee .
  • I smelled the cheery wood I could smell the cherry wood

burning . burning.
  • I heard Carol I could hear Carol approaching

approaching
Examples of expressions with prepositions and particles
American English British English
different from/than different from/to
live on X street live in X street
on a team in a team
on the weekend at the weekend
Monday trough Friday Monday to Friday
be in the hospital be in hospital
in the future in future
fill out a form in school fill in a form at school
get along with sb get on with sb
meet with sb meet sb
stay home stay at home
play on a team play in a team
Over the years the intoduction of new words from America had changed British English. Some British people find this difficult and do not like to use American English, but many American words have become part of everyday British English. The words teenager, guy and coke are new words in Britain, but everyone understands them ad many British people use them.
RE English is spoken on all five continents #1 RE English is spoken on all five continents #2 RE English is spoken on all five continents #3 RE English is spoken on all five continents #4 RE English is spoken on all five continents #5 RE English is spoken on all five continents #6
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