(Estonia TEST english I) (0)

Milestones in Estonian History
The Estonians are a Finno -Ugric people who came from the area near the Urals and
the Volga and Oka rivers . They migrated westward to the Baltic shores some 5, 000 years
ago.
In the ninth century A.D. Viking ships invaded Estonia and the country became a vital link in the sea-trade between East and West . By the 12th century, the Arabian geographer al- Idrisi had placed the city on his maps.
In the 13th century, Tallinn joined the Hanseatic League, the union of European commercial
towns that stretched from London to Novgorod . Pärnu, Viljandi and Tartu were also members .
Estonia became a vital link in the sea-trade between East and West.
The oldest preserved book written in Estonian, a catechism, dates from 1535. Tartu University was established in 1632, on orders from Sweden ’s King Gustav II Adolf. Literacy spread. The
Bible was translated into Estonian in 1739(pole vaja teada).
A period of wars began in the 16th century, bringing parts of Estonia under the control of
Russia , Denmark , Poland and Sweden. For most of the 17th century, Sweden ruled Estonia. In
the 18th century Russian Tsar Peter the Great joined Estonia to his empire .
The first true political parties emerged(Where established) at the turn of the century, demanding autonomy for Estonia. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Estonia declared
independence from Russia on Feb. 24, 1918. Independent Estonia made large strides between wars.
World War II ended Estonia’s independence. The country was occupied by the Soviet Army in June 1940.Thousands of Estonians were killed or deported to Siberia. In 1944, Estonia became part of the Soviet Union. Proindependence guerrilla forces continued to fight against the Soviets into the 1950s.
In the “ Singing Revolution” of the 1980s, Estonians showed their desire for independence in
peaceful mass meetings. In 1989, 2 million people from the three Baltic countries linked
hands in a human chain stretching from Tallinn to Vilnius in Lithuania.
Independence was proclaimed(declared) on Aug. 20, 1991.Within weeks Estonia was recognized as a free and independent country On June 20, 1992, the kroon replaced the rouble.
In September 1992 Estonians elected their first president and parliament in more than 50
years.
On 14 September 200
In May 1993, the Council of Europe voted Estonia a full member. On May, 1, 2004
Estonia joined the European Union.
Wordlist

vallutama Eestit

pärinema 12 sajandist

ühinema millegagi

nõudma iseseisvust

rahareform

välja saatma Siberisse

„ metsavennad “

ulatuma Tallinnast vilniusesse

välja kuulutama iseseisvust

tunnustama

Kroon asendas rubla

valima presidenti ja parlamenti

hääletama

täieõiguslik liige

referendum EU-ga ühinemise asjus
1 Answer the following questions

When did the first Estonians come to the Baltic shores?

Where did they come from?

When did the Vikings invade Estonia?

What was the result of this invasion?

Who first entered Tallinn on the map? When was it?

What was the union of European commercial towns Kalled in the middle ages?

When did Tallinn join the union?

What was the oldest preserved written book in Estonian?

What year does it date from?

When was Tartu University founded ?

When did the periood of wars begin in Estonia?

Which countries ruled Estonia over the years?

Who ended the period of wars in Estonia?

When did the Estonian nationalists declare independence from Russia for the first time?

When did Soviet Army occupy Estonia?

What happene to thousands of Estonians?

When did Estonia become part of the Soviet Union?

What happene during the „Singing Revolution“?

What was the „Baltic chain“?

When was independence declared for the second time?

When did the currenecy reform take place?

When did Estonians elect their first president and parlament again?

When did Estonia join the European Union?

When will euro repace the Estonian kroon?
II Fill in the blanks with words from the text „Milestones in Estonian History“

Estonians are a…………………………………. People.

They came to the Baltic shores………… years ago.

In the 9th century A.D. ………………. ships ………………………..Estonia.

In the ………………….. chentury al-Idrisi placed Tallinn on his map.

In the 13th century Tallinn jooned the Hanseatic………….. (League)

Estonia become an essential ………. in the …………. beteen east and west.

The Bible was ………….. into Estonian in 1739 and …………. Spreed.

In the 18th century Peter the Great ……………Estonia to his empire.

On feb 24,1918 Estonia ……………….. independence from Russia.

During orld War II Estonia was …………….. by thee Soviet Army.

Thousands of Estonians ere killed or …………….to Siberia.

In the „Singing Revolution“ Estonia showed its desire for…(independence).. .

Indepencence was ………………………….. on Aug 20, 1991

The kron………………………… the rouble on June 20,1992.

In September 1992 Estonians ……………….their first parlament and president
III Can you match the following facts and figuures?

Tartu University was founded. 1632

The first Estonia book was Publisher . 1535

The Estonian Academy of Sciences was founded. 1946

The first Song Festival was held in Tartu. 1869

Tallinn was first mentioned by the Arabian geographer Al-Idrisi. 1154

The Viru Hotel was opened. 1972
(tartu ülikooli oma, raha reform, eesti iseseisvumine, 1 ja teine kord, siis laulupidu, ja mingi üks vöi kaks oli veel)
Estonia at a Glance
Official name: The Republic of Estonia
Administrative division: Estonia is divided into 15 counties and 238 local goverment (194 rural municipalities and 47 towns).
Area: 45,227 square km.
Population:. On January 1 2001 Estonia’s population was 1,366,700. The proportion of urban population is 69.4 %. The proportion of rural population is 30.6 %. According to the 2000 census, the proportion of Estonians in the total population is 69%.
Main cities: The capital of Estonia is Tallinn (population 396, 900). The second largest city is Tartu with the population of 103,284 (2010).
Religion: 80% of all believers are Lutheran.
Education: The number of comprehensive(general education) schools is 717. There are 15 universities in Estonia, including 5 private universities. Applied higher education is provided in 14 schools. 41 schools proovide vocational education (2007).
Language:
The official language in Estonia is Estonian, which is a Finno-Ugric language closely related
to Finnish and more distantly related to Hungarian.
Government :
Chief of state is the President, who is elected by the parliament for a five -year term .
Tomas Hendrik Ilves is currently in his first term.
The parliament, Riigikogu, has 101 members and is elected for a four -year term.
Head of Government is the Prime Minister, currently Andrus Ansip .
Currency :
Since June 1992, the Estonian national currency is the Eesti kroon (EEK). One kroon equals
100 sents . The kroon is officially pegged to the euro at 15.65 kroons.
Economy :
The average monthly gross wage is currently 10,000 kroons.
Unemployment rate (i.e. % of the unemployed in active labour force aged 15 – 74) is
3-4 %.
Estonia´s Main Export Partners :
In 2000 Estonia´s main export partners are Finland , Sweeden, Latvia and Germany . Exports to the European Union countries were 77% of the total and exports to the CIS ( commonwealth of independent States ) are 4% of the total.
Main Import Partners:
In 2000, Estonia`s main import partners were: Finland, Sweeden, Germany, Russia and Japan . Imports from the EU countries equalled 60% of total imports and imports from the CIS counries accounted for 10%
Wordlist

an administrative divisjon

a county/ to devide into counties

a rural municipality / mnicipalities

urban/ rural/ total population- Linna/ maa/ kogu rahvaarv

according to census

to proovide general/ vocational/ secondary/ higher edukation

the official language

head of state

to elect for a five-year term

to be in his/ her first term

head of government

the average monthly gross/ net wage

The kroon is pegged to the euro at 15,65 Estonian kroons

unemployment rate

to export: to import

exports/ imports were..

exports equalled 60% of it

imports accounted for 10%

the European Union

the CIS= Commonwealth of Independent States = SRÜ- Sõltumatute Riikide Ühendus
I Complete the sentences to make up questions about Estonia. Answer the questions

What …(is)… the area of Estonia?

How many peole …(-)…. lives here?

How …(does/is)…. Estonia dividend administratively?

What …(is)… the number of rural municipalities in Estonia?

What …(does)… the population density show?

Who …… ….. make up the goverment and who …(is)… at the head of it?

What ……(is)….. the avarage height ………..(of)……… Estonia?

….. ……(can)…… you name the highest point in Estonia?

What mineraal resources …(are)…….. found here? (oil shale , limestone, peat, blue clay)