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Chernobyl disaster Outline • What happened? • Elimination of the consequences • The Exclusion Zone • Conclusion • Quiz • Reference list What happened? • The Chernobyl disaster was a catastrophic nuclear accident that occurred on 26 April 1986 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine (then officially the Ukrainian SSR). An explosion and fire released large quantities of radioactive particles into the atmosphere, which spread over much of the western USSR and Europe. • The Chernobyl disaster was the worst nuclear power plant accident in history in terms of cost and casualties, and is one of only two classified as a level 7 event (the maximum classification) on the International Nuclear Event Scale
In 1956, the first nuclear power station was built. Using uranium as its fuel. The station was named Calder Hall Power Station, built on coast of Cumberland. December 2, 1957, in Shippingport, Pennsylvania, the first full scale nuclear power plant goes into service. 1973, American utilities buy 41 nuclear power plants. January, 1983 President Reagan signs the Nuclear Waste Policy Act. Hydro power was surpassed by nuclear power in total electrical generation in 1984. In the unit 4 reactor of the Chernobyl Nuclear plant were two explosions on April 26, 1986. This disaster exposed millions of people to radioactive isotopes. It has been linked many forms of cancer in natives of eastern Europe and Russia, as well as destroying animals and plants. December 1993, the total number of nuclear power plants in the United States is 109, collectively producing 610 billion kWhs of electricity. Nuclear power today Nuclear power is the world's largest source of emission-free energy
NUCLEAR ENERGY · Can be produced in very small amount of volume and that makes it easy to transport ("Pros of nuclear," ) · Nuclear power plants have a big income, it helps to create more jobs and the countries to overcome the struggle with its bad economy Cons: · High construction costs because of radiation and complicated procedures and long construction time (Buzz, 2009) · Accident risks for example Chernobyl, Ukraine in 1986 or Fukushima, Japan in 2011 and radiation can cause serious health problems · Nuclear weapons may cause tension between different countries · Uranium is hard to get and expensive to mine, refine, and transport, and produce considerable environmental waste (including greenhouse gasses) during all of these procedures (Buzz, 2009) · Wastes lasts from 200 to 500 thousand years (Buzz, 2009)
SISUKORD ENERGY STORY................................................................................................................4 USES OF ENERGY............................................................................................................. 4 2.1 Uses of energy in homes...............................................................................................5 2.2 Types of energy used in homes.................................................................................... 6 2.3 Energy use in different types of homes........................................................................ 6 2.4 Commercial Energy Use...............................................................................................9 2.5 Industrial and Manufacturing Energy Use..................................................................11 2.6 Transportation Energy Use.........................................................................................12 RENE
The Cataclysmic Death of Stars Republished from the pages of National Geographic magazine Written by Ron Cowen March 2007 Ever since he was a teenager, Stan Woosley has had a love for chemical elements and a fondness for blowing things up. Growing up in the late 1950s in Texas, "I did everything you could do with potassium nitrate, perchlorate, and permanganate, mixed with a lot of other things," he says. "If you mixed potassium nitrate with sulfur and charcoal, you got gunpowder. If you mixed it with sugar, you got a lot of smoke and a nice pink fire." He tested his explosive concoctions on a Fort Worth golf course: "I screwed the jar down tight and ran like hell." "kaboomWoosley", now an astronomer at the University of California at Santa Cruz, has graduated to bigger explosions--much bigger. Woosley studies some of the most powerful explosions since the birth of the universe: supernovae, the violent deaths of stars. The universe twinkles with these cataclysms. They happen every sec
ELEKTROENERGEETIKA INSTITUUT Referaat Taastvad Energiaallikad Esitamise tähtaeg 14.04.2009 Õppejõud: Hannes Agabus Tudeng: Sergei Belosapko Nikita Naumov Tallinn 2009 Contents: 1. Renewable energy 1.1. Costs................................................................................................................... 2 1.2. Potential future utilization..............................................................................4 1.3. Why Don't We Use More Renewable Energy? ...........................................5 2. Energy Types 2.1. Wind Energy.......................................................................................................6 2.1.1. Annual Generation........................................................................................7 2.1.2. Growth and cost trends.........................
TRADERUN MOODUL TRADERUN MODULE BUSINESS PECULIARITIES IN THE EU, RUSSIA AND EASTERN PARTNERSHIP COUNTRIES ÄRI ERIPÄRAD EUROOPA LIIDUS, VENEMAAL JA IDAPARTNERLUSRIIKIDES Lecturers: Ryhor Nizhnikau (responsible) Giorgi Gaganidze, Sergei Proskura, Andres Assor P2EC.00.202 (UT code), RIE 7044 (TLU code) Reading materials: Business peculiarities in Ukraine and Belarus Lugemismatejal: Äri eripärad Ukrainas ja Valgenenes Created by Andres Assor Tartu 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 4 1. UKRAINE ...................................................................................................................... 5 1.1. General information .......
Moreover, there are no students who have both breakfast and school lunch, eat more than four slices of brown bread per day, and avoid fat. The debate about the best way to generate electricity is back on the agenda. The most common methods are by burning coal, building dams, or using nuclear power. However, many people think that nuclear power is dangerous, and when you consider the experience of Chernobyl in the Ukraine over 20 years ago, you can see why. Countries such as France, however, get about 80% of their electricity from nuclear power plants, and the pro-nuclear scientists argue that it is actually much clearer than burning fossil fuels, which contributes to global warming. Others argue that it is better to get electricity from sustainable resources, such as the wind, the sea, and the sun. Although this
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